Ubudlelwano bePeople's Republic of China ne-Afrika emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule sebungobunye obuthuthuka futhi obunamandla kakhulu kubudlelwano bezepolitiki, bezenhlalo nezomnotho emhlabeni.
E-Afrika amaphrojekthi abiza izigidigidi zamaRandi ahlelelwe ukuqaliswa kusuka ezingqalasizinda zemigwaqo, izikhumulo zezindiza, amandla kagesi, amanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle, ezokundiza, ezokukhiqiza, ezezimayini futhi empeleni, ngosizo oluvulekile ekunikelweni kwengqalasizinda enjengaleyo yokwakhiwa kwenqwaba Indlunkulu ye-African Union eyizigidi e-Addis Ababa, e-Ethiopia.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ubudlelwano beSino ne-Afrika bususelwa ezinzuzweni zombili. Le ntuthuko eyisisekelo, ngokwesibonelo, iza ngemuva kweChina isibophezele futhi yasebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60 ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2015 ebhekiswe ekwenziweni kwezimboni kanye nasekwenzeni isimanje kwezwekazi. Inani lezentengiselwano phakathi kwePeople's Republic of China ne-Afrika lase lenyuke ngokumangalisayo lifinyelela ku- $ 200 billion ngo-2014. Ngaphandle kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 60 atholakala ngaphansi kweSithangami Sokubambisana Kwe-China ne-Afrika eSouth Africa ngoDisemba 2015, kwase kuthululiwe izigidigidi zamaRandi ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda emazweni ehlukene ase-Afrika.
Lokhu kwesekwa kungukhiye wokuguqula isimo se-Afrika ngokuya ngezohwebo. Ngokuvamile, intuthuko ye-Afrika incike ezintweni eziningi okumele zilungiswe, futhi enye yazo ukuxhuma okusebenza ngokuxhumanisa ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha ngokwendawo, amanethiwekhi wezokuxhumana kanye nokuvumelanisa izinqubomgomo ngaphakathi ukuze kube lula ukuhweba nokutshalwa kwezimali ngaphakathi e-Afrika nakwezinye izindawo.
Indida esanganisa ikhanda ukuthi ubukhulu bezwekazi nokuhlukahluka kwezwe lalo, kuveza amathuba amakhulu nezinselelo futhi. Ngokwesayizi, leli zwekazi alixhumene kahle ngokwengqalasizinda yemigwaqo, ujantshi, umoya nolwandle - okungenye yezingqinamba zalo ezinkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwalo, ekuguqulweni nasekwenzeni isimanje.
Ngezinga elithile, leli zwekazi livinjelwe kakhulu amazwe amaningi anqamuleke emachwebeni omoya nolwandle, futhi ubunzima bokuhambisa izimpahla zisuka kwelinye izwe ziya kwelinye bucindezela ukuhweba ngaphakathi kwamazwekazi okucatshangwa ukuthi kukwephuzwini okuyi-15% ngaphakathi I-Afrika (i-African Development Bank, 2017).
Ngokuvamile, izakhamizi zase-Afrika kanye nabathengi bakhuthazelela ubunzima balobu bunzima bezohwebo nezentengiselwano, kuhambisana nokushayisana kwezomnotho nezinqubomgomo nakho okunciphisa umkhawulo wokubambisana phakathi kwamazwe naphakathi kwamazwe - kodwa sibonga Ingqungquthela Yenyunyana Yase-Afrika Yase-Kigali yowezi-2018 lapho izinhloko zemibuso zase-Afrika zivume khona kuma-Afrika Indawo Yezwekazi Lokuhweba Ngokukhululekile (i-CFTA), an Isivumelwano baphonswa ngendlela efanayo ne-European Union, okuhloswe ngayo ukuvula indlela yezimakethe ezikhululekile zezimpahla nezinsizakalo kulo lonke izwekazi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iZimbabwe ngaphansi kukaMongameli kaCde Emmerson Mnangagwa, yasayina i-CFTA. Esifundeni, uhulumeni ngokuxhaswa yizinkampani zaseChina usezinhlelweni zokwakha ingqalasizinda yemigwaqo namandla ezosiza kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimboni, ezohwebo nezentengiselwano ziyathuthuka.
Kuliqiniso ukuthi izindleko zokwenza ibhizinisi ziqhutshwa yizinto eziningi phakathi kokunye okubandakanya intela, ukubambezeleka kwemingcele, ukubambezeleka kokuhanjiswa kwempahla nenkohlakalo. Kodwa-ke, inselelo enkulu ngukuthi uma zingekho izinhlelo zezokuthutha ezihlelekile mayelana nojantshi, umgwaqo, nomoya, umthwalo uzokuthola kunzima ukusuka esifundeni esisodwa kuya kwesinye esimeni lapho umnotho wethu uncike kakhulu khona. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo yehluleka ukufinyelela lapho ifika khona ngesikhathi, ingasaphathwa eyokonakala okubola endleleni ngenxa yemigwaqo nezitimela ezingathuthuki, ezinyusa izindleko zokwenza ibhizinisi e-Afrika futhi zehlise ukusebenza kahle.
Kuliqiniso ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamaShayina kwingqalasizinda yase-Afrika ngokusebenzisa iBelt and Road Initiative (BRI) yaseBeijing, ekugcineni kuyasiza ekwakheni ukuxhumana okwandisiwe kwezifunda ezingaphansi. I-China Brief ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ukwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu waseMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga Afrika kubalulekile lapho amanethiwekhi wengqalasizinda engasiza khona ukwenza futhi kuvuse ukuvela kokuxhumanisa okuyiqiniso kwaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga esikhathini esizayo.
Esikhathini esifushane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo, utshalomali olwenziwe kwingqalasizinda yemigwaqo luzosetha izixhumanisi zezokuthutha zaseMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga njengamandla amakhulu azoba yithuluzi lokuthuthukisa ezentengiselwano kanye nezohwebo e-Afrika.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi isixhumanisi esihlongozwayo se-East-West ngendlela yoMgwaqo we-Trans-Africa Highway 5 sizobonakala sibe yizinhlelo ezithembekile zenethiwekhi zokuhweba ukuxhumeka okuphelele kwezwekazi lomhubhe womgogodla ohamba phambili wezokuthutha wase-Afrika ongahle ushintshe ubudlelwane bezohwebo phakathi kwe-Afrika .
Inethiwekhi yemigwaqo emikhulu eyisishiyagalolunye kuthiwa yaqale yakhiwa yi-United Nations Economic Commission for Africa ngo-1971 kanti njengamanje yenziwa yile nhlangano ngokubambisana ne-African Union, i-African Development Bank kanye nababambiqhaza bangaphandle. Umgwaqo omkhulu uxhuma iDakar, eSenegal, nenhloko-dolobha yaseChadian i-N'djamena, cishe amakhilomitha angama-4,500 XNUMX. Igijima emazweni ayisikhombisa, iSenegal, iMali, iBurkina Faso, iNiger, iNigeria, iCameroon neChad.
ENingizimu ne-Afrika, amazwe ngamanye athola imali yokwakha izikhumulo zezindiza maqondana neZimbabwe, Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe iVictoria Falls esiqediwe esifinyelela ku- $ 150 million dollars ebolekwe eChina, siyisibonelo esihle. I-China nayo isekela ukuvuselelwa nokwandiswa kwesikhumulo sezindiza iRobert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport, kanti eZambia, iKenneth Kaunda International Airport isizophothulwa. Sekutshalwe ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kumaphrojekthi wezamandla, futhi lokhu kuzobeka uguquko olukhulu kwezentuthuko phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika.
Ukufeza intuthuko ye-Afrika akuyona into elula, futhi ukuguqulwa kwayo kuza nokuzidela okwenziwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zaseChina ziyabona ukukhanya kwelanga. Kuyancomeka ukuthi ukwesekwa kwe-Sino-Africa kusekelwe ekuhloniphaneni nasekusebenzisaneni, okuphambene nombono wokuthi i-Afrika ibhekene nolunye usongo lokwehlukaniswa kweSino. Lokho nguzungu. Ngokuya esikhathini esizayo, iminotho yase-Afrika izosizakala ngokwenza ngcono ngokuya ngokuncintisana kwezomnotho kanye nenani lezohwebo elithuthukisiwe ngaphakathi kwe-Afrika nangaphezulu.
Mayelana umbhali:
UDkt Darlington Muzeza
UDkt Muzeza uyilungu lenhlangano esanda kusungulwa Ibhodi Yezokuvakasha yase-Afrika