Sino - Africa Cooperation A Game Changer

Darlington
Darlington

Ubudlelwano bePeople's Republic of China ne-Afrika emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule sebungobunye obuthuthuka futhi obunamandla kakhulu kubudlelwano bezepolitiki, bezenhlalo nezomnotho emhlabeni.

Ubudlelwano bePeople's Republic of China ne-Afrika emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule sebungobunye obuthuthuka futhi obunamandla kakhulu kubudlelwano bezepolitiki, bezenhlalo nezomnotho emhlabeni.

E-Afrika amaphrojekthi abiza izigidigidi zamaRandi ahlelelwe ukuqaliswa kusuka ezingqalasizinda zemigwaqo, izikhumulo zezindiza, amandla kagesi, amanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle, ezokundiza, ezokukhiqiza, ezezimayini futhi empeleni, ngosizo oluvulekile ekunikelweni kwengqalasizinda enjengaleyo yokwakhiwa kwenqwaba Indlunkulu ye-African Union eyizigidi e-Addis Ababa, e-Ethiopia.

Akungabazeki ukuthi ubudlelwano beSino ne-Afrika bususelwa ezinzuzweni zombili. Le ntuthuko eyisisekelo, ngokwesibonelo, iza ngemuva kweChina isibophezele futhi yasebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60 ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2015 ebhekiswe ekwenziweni kwezimboni kanye nasekwenzeni isimanje kwezwekazi. Inani lezentengiselwano phakathi kwePeople's Republic of China ne-Afrika lase lenyuke ngokumangalisayo lifinyelela ku- $ 200 billion ngo-2014. Ngaphandle kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 60 atholakala ngaphansi kweSithangami Sokubambisana Kwe-China ne-Afrika eSouth Africa ngoDisemba 2015, kwase kuthululiwe izigidigidi zamaRandi ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda emazweni ehlukene ase-Afrika.

Lokhu kwesekwa kungukhiye wokuguqula isimo se-Afrika ngokuya ngezohwebo. Ngokuvamile, intuthuko ye-Afrika incike ezintweni eziningi okumele zilungiswe, futhi enye yazo ukuxhuma okusebenza ngokuxhumanisa ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha ngokwendawo, amanethiwekhi wezokuxhumana kanye nokuvumelanisa izinqubomgomo ngaphakathi ukuze kube lula ukuhweba nokutshalwa kwezimali ngaphakathi e-Afrika nakwezinye izindawo.

Indida esanganisa ikhanda ukuthi ubukhulu bezwekazi nokuhlukahluka kwezwe lalo, kuveza amathuba amakhulu nezinselelo futhi. Ngokwesayizi, leli zwekazi alixhumene kahle ngokwengqalasizinda yemigwaqo, ujantshi, umoya nolwandle - okungenye yezingqinamba zalo ezinkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwalo, ekuguqulweni nasekwenzeni isimanje.

Ngezinga elithile, leli zwekazi livinjelwe kakhulu amazwe amaningi anqamuleke emachwebeni omoya nolwandle, futhi ubunzima bokuhambisa izimpahla zisuka kwelinye izwe ziya kwelinye bucindezela ukuhweba ngaphakathi kwamazwekazi okucatshangwa ukuthi kukwephuzwini okuyi-15% ngaphakathi I-Afrika (i-African Development Bank, 2017).

Ngokuvamile, izakhamizi zase-Afrika kanye nabathengi bakhuthazelela ubunzima balobu bunzima bezohwebo nezentengiselwano, kuhambisana nokushayisana kwezomnotho nezinqubomgomo nakho okunciphisa umkhawulo wokubambisana phakathi kwamazwe naphakathi kwamazwe - kodwa sibonga Ingqungquthela Yenyunyana Yase-Afrika Yase-Kigali yowezi-2018 lapho izinhloko zemibuso zase-Afrika zivume khona kuma-Afrika Indawo Yezwekazi Lokuhweba Ngokukhululekile (i-CFTA), an Isivumelwano baphonswa ngendlela efanayo ne-European Union, okuhloswe ngayo ukuvula indlela yezimakethe ezikhululekile zezimpahla nezinsizakalo kulo lonke izwekazi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iZimbabwe ngaphansi kukaMongameli kaCde Emmerson Mnangagwa, yasayina i-CFTA. Esifundeni, uhulumeni ngokuxhaswa yizinkampani zaseChina usezinhlelweni zokwakha ingqalasizinda yemigwaqo namandla ezosiza kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimboni, ezohwebo nezentengiselwano ziyathuthuka.

Kuliqiniso ukuthi izindleko zokwenza ibhizinisi ziqhutshwa yizinto eziningi phakathi kokunye okubandakanya intela, ukubambezeleka kwemingcele, ukubambezeleka kokuhanjiswa kwempahla nenkohlakalo. Kodwa-ke, inselelo enkulu ngukuthi uma zingekho izinhlelo zezokuthutha ezihlelekile mayelana nojantshi, umgwaqo, nomoya, umthwalo uzokuthola kunzima ukusuka esifundeni esisodwa kuya kwesinye esimeni lapho umnotho wethu uncike kakhulu khona. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo yehluleka ukufinyelela lapho ifika khona ngesikhathi, ingasaphathwa eyokonakala okubola endleleni ngenxa yemigwaqo nezitimela ezingathuthuki, ezinyusa izindleko zokwenza ibhizinisi e-Afrika futhi zehlise ukusebenza kahle.

Kuliqiniso ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamaShayina kwingqalasizinda yase-Afrika ngokusebenzisa iBelt and Road Initiative (BRI) yaseBeijing, ekugcineni kuyasiza ekwakheni ukuxhumana okwandisiwe kwezifunda ezingaphansi. I-China Brief ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ukwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu waseMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga Afrika kubalulekile lapho amanethiwekhi wengqalasizinda engasiza khona ukwenza futhi kuvuse ukuvela kokuxhumanisa okuyiqiniso kwaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga esikhathini esizayo.

Esikhathini esifushane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo, utshalomali olwenziwe kwingqalasizinda yemigwaqo luzosetha izixhumanisi zezokuthutha zaseMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga njengamandla amakhulu azoba yithuluzi lokuthuthukisa ezentengiselwano kanye nezohwebo e-Afrika.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi isixhumanisi esihlongozwayo se-East-West ngendlela yoMgwaqo we-Trans-Africa Highway 5 sizobonakala sibe yizinhlelo ezithembekile zenethiwekhi zokuhweba ukuxhumeka okuphelele kwezwekazi lomhubhe womgogodla ohamba phambili wezokuthutha wase-Afrika ongahle ushintshe ubudlelwane bezohwebo phakathi kwe-Afrika .

Inethiwekhi yemigwaqo emikhulu eyisishiyagalolunye kuthiwa yaqale yakhiwa yi-United Nations Economic Commission for Africa ngo-1971 kanti njengamanje yenziwa yile nhlangano ngokubambisana ne-African Union, i-African Development Bank kanye nababambiqhaza bangaphandle. Umgwaqo omkhulu uxhuma iDakar, eSenegal, nenhloko-dolobha yaseChadian i-N'djamena, cishe amakhilomitha angama-4,500 XNUMX. Igijima emazweni ayisikhombisa, iSenegal, iMali, iBurkina Faso, iNiger, iNigeria, iCameroon neChad.

ENingizimu ne-Afrika, amazwe ngamanye athola imali yokwakha izikhumulo zezindiza maqondana neZimbabwe, Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe iVictoria Falls esiqediwe esifinyelela ku- $ 150 million dollars ebolekwe eChina, siyisibonelo esihle. I-China nayo isekela ukuvuselelwa nokwandiswa kwesikhumulo sezindiza iRobert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport, kanti eZambia, iKenneth Kaunda International Airport isizophothulwa. Sekutshalwe ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kumaphrojekthi wezamandla, futhi lokhu kuzobeka uguquko olukhulu kwezentuthuko phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika.

Ukufeza intuthuko ye-Afrika akuyona into elula, futhi ukuguqulwa kwayo kuza nokuzidela okwenziwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zaseChina ziyabona ukukhanya kwelanga. Kuyancomeka ukuthi ukwesekwa kwe-Sino-Africa kusekelwe ekuhloniphaneni nasekusebenzisaneni, okuphambene nombono wokuthi i-Afrika ibhekene nolunye usongo lokwehlukaniswa kweSino. Lokho nguzungu. Ngokuya esikhathini esizayo, iminotho yase-Afrika izosizakala ngokwenza ngcono ngokuya ngokuncintisana kwezomnotho kanye nenani lezohwebo elithuthukisiwe ngaphakathi kwe-Afrika nangaphezulu.


Mayelana umbhali:
UDkt Darlington Muzeza
UDkt Muzeza uyilungu lenhlangano esanda kusungulwa Ibhodi Yezokuvakasha yase-Afrika 

 

Mayelana umbhali

I-Avatar kaDkt. Darlington Muzeza

UDkt Darlington Muzeza

Ulwazi, Okuhlangenwe nakho kanye Nezimfanelo: Ngifundise emazingeni aphakeme (amakolishi), emazingeni ezikole zamabanga aphansi kanye namabanga aphansi; Ukushisekela ukudlulisa ulwazi, amakhono nokuphathwa okuguqukayo njengamasu ayisisekelo okwenza ngcono izinhlelo kanye nomthelela wazo ohambelana nemiphakathi ngentuthuko. Okuhlangenwe nakho ekuphathweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukongiwa kanye nokuphathwa kwemithombo yemvelo; indlela yokuziphilisa nemiphakathi, ukuphathwa kwezingxabano nokuxazululwa. Nginekhono eliqinisekisiwe lokuthuthukisa imiqondo futhi ngiyi-planner yamasu enekhono lokukhuthaza ukucabanga kokudala ngibe ngicabangela ukuzwela kwemvelo; Nginothando emkhakheni wezentuthuko yomphakathi, ukuphatha, ubunzima kanye nokuguqulwa kobungozi phakathi kwemiphakathi kubandakanya ukuphathwa kobudlelwano bezenhlalo; Isazi samasu esinamandla athuthukisiwe okwakha nokudlulisa "isithombe esikhulu" njengomdlali weqembu; Amakhono amahle kakhulu ocwaningo, anesahlulelo esinamandla sezepolitiki; Ikhono eliqinisekisiwe lokuxoxisana, ukuphonsela inselelo nokubhekana nezingqinamba, ukubona kokubili ubungozi namathuba, ukuxazulula izixazululo zokufeza izinhloso; Futhi ngibe namandla okuxoxisana ngezivumelwano zamazwe amabili kanye namazwe ahlukahlukene kohulumeni abaphakathi, ohulumeni abangekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni futhi bangahlanganisa imiphakathi ukuthi ivikele ukwesekwa okubanzi nokubamba iqhaza kwemiphakathi ezinhlelweni nasemaphrojekthi.

Nginamandla okwenza ukuqapha nokuhlola okuhlanganisa nezinqubo zokuthobela i-Environmental Impact Assessment futhi ngikwenze lokhu njengengxenye yophenyo lweKomidi Lesizwe leZimbabwe UNESCO eMana Pools National Park. Amakhono amakhulu okuqondisa futhi ngaqondisa Ucwaningo Lokuphuma Kwezivakashi (2015-2016) lwaseZimbabwe; Nginolwazi lokuphatha amaphrojekthi kazwelonke futhi ngingahola amaqembu ababambiqhaza ekwakhiweni kwephrojekthi, ukuqaliswa, ukuqapha kanye nokuhlola; Unolwazi ezindabeni zentuthuko esimeme, ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nediplomacy enekhono lokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokweluleka zamasu kanye nokuphatha izindawo zokungcebeleka emazingeni endawo nasemhlabeni jikelele ukuphakamisa imininingwane yezindaba zamasu kanye nemikhiqizo; Owazi kahle ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha; Unolwazi ekuthuthukisweni kwemiqondo; ukumela nokugqugquzela umphakathi; Ngisebenze ngokuzikhandla ngisebenzela othishanhloko bami mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha ezikhungweni ezingaphansi kwesifunda nezamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Southern African Development Community (SADC) - Regional Tourism Organisation for Southern Africa (RETOSA), i-African Union kanye ne-United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) mayelana nokuqedwa kwenqubomgomo yezokuvakasha, ukufakwa kwezikhungo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo; Usebenze iminyaka emihlanu njengeLungu LeKomidi Lokweluleka Ngezobuchwepheshe Lomphakathi WaseNingizimu ne-Afrika (i-SADC) nge-HIV/AIDS, Izintandane kanye nezindaba zezingane kanye nentsha ezisengozini kusukela ngowezi-2007-2011; Yiba nekhono lokubhekana nezinkinga ngokusebenzisa ilensi yokucabanga yesistimu ngendlela yokudala; Isipiliyoni esifakazelwe ngokwakhiwa kwamakhono amaqembu ahlukene, amakhono aqinile okuqondisa kanye nokuhlola; Iba nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi eminingi, ukubeka phambili, ukunaka ngesikhathi esisodwa imininingwane, ukuphakamisa izinga lomsebenzi kanye nokukwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga. Unolwazi ekusebenzelaneni kweqembu nokuqonda ukubaluleka kokuxhumana okusebenzayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngempumelelo kanye nokusebenza kwamaqembu futhi akwazi ukukhuthaza nokukhuthaza abanye kuyilapho kufanele aziphendulele. Isethulo esithuthukiswe kahle namakhono okumela afanele izethameli ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ikhono lokwenza nokuwina izimpikiswano. Ngiyakwazi ukuxhumana nababambiqhaza emazingeni ahlukene, nginikeze ubuholi futhi ngingasebenza ngokuzimela ezimeni zamasiko nezinhlanga ezahlukene nginerekhodi eliqinisekisiwe lokusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ukubhekana nokuphatha izimfuno ezincintisanayo, ukuhlangabezana nezinsuku zokugcina kanye nokulungisa izinto ezibalulekile.

UDokotela Wezobuchwepheshe (DTech) Wezempilo Yezemvelo (Wathweswa iziqu ngomhlaka 22 Septhemba 2013); I-Faculty of Applied Sciences, uMnyango Wezemvelo Nezomsebenzi, eCape Peninsula University of Technology, eKapa, ​​eRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika (isikhathi sokufunda: 2010-2013).

Ithisisi yocwaningo lobudokotela ihlolwe yadlula: Umthelela Wezikhungo Zokubusa Ezimpilweni Zemiphakathi kanye Nokongiwa Kwezinzile eGreat Limpopo Transfrontier Park: Ucwaningo Lwemiphakathi yaseMakuleke neSengwe.

Ukugxilwa kwezindawo ezisetshenzisiwe zocwaningo lweziqu zobudokotela ezihlanganisiwe: Izindlela zokongiwa kwemingcele, ukuphathwa, izinselelo kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza; Imvelo yezepolitiki kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemiphakathi; Ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha nokulwa nobuphofu; Ukuhlaziywa kwenqubomgomo yokongiwa kwemvelo; I-Conservancy typology kanye nentuthuko yendawo ehlanganayo; Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemakhaya nokuphathwa kokuxazululwa kwengxabano; Ukuphathwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo Yomphakathi (CBNRM); Ukongiwa nokuphathwa okusimeme kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha ukuze kutholakale ukwesekwa okuziphilisa kwendawo. I-Thesis Proffered: Uhlaka Lokulawulwa Kokubusa Ngokuhwebelana Ngezimali; Imodeli Ebandakanya Izinqumo Zezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo kanye ne-Amalgam Edidiyelwe yoHlaka Lokusebenzisa Izinsizakusebenza Ezisimeme ezigxile ekuthuthukisweni kwezokuvakasha ukuze kutholakale izimpilo ezizinzile phakathi kwemiphakathi yokulondolozwa kwemali edlulisa imali ..

2. IMasters of Science Degree in Social Ecology iphase ngeMerit: (Agasti 2007); ICentre for Applied Social Science (CASS), Iklonyeliswe ngeziqu zeMasters ngeMerit: University of Zimbabwe, the Republic of Zimbabwe (isikhathi sokufunda: 2005-2007). Ucwaningo lweMaster Degree luhlolwe lwaphasiswa: Investigation to Legislative and Executive Environmental Representation in Harare: The case studies of Mbare and Whitecliff.

Ukugxila kwe-Master Degree kufundise izifundo ezihlanganisiwe futhi zaphasiswa: Population and Development; Ukulawulwa Kwezinhlekelele Kwemvelo; Imvelo Yabantu; Izindlela Zokucwaninga Namathuluzi Wokuhlaziywa Kwemvelo; Amasu Okuziphilisa Emakhaya kanye Nemvelo; Ukuhlaziywa Kwenqubomgomo Yemithombo Yemvelo; Izici Zesikhungo Zokulawulwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo; Ukuvimbela Ukungqubuzana, Ukuphathwa kanye Nokuxazululwa Kokusetshenziswa Kwemithombo Yemvelo kanye Nokulawulwa Kwezemvelo Nokuvikelwa.

3. IBachelor of Science kwezepolitiki kanye ne-Administration-Honours Degree (2003); Ukhishwe iDegree nge-Upper Second Division noma nge-2.1 Degree Classification: University of Zimbabwe, Republic of Zimbabwe (isikhathi sokufunda: 2000-2003).

4. IDiploma in Personnel Management (Iklonyeliswe ngeDiploma ngeCredit); I-Institute of Personnel Management of Zimbabwe, Republic of Zimbabwe (isikhathi sokufunda: 2004-2005).

5. Isitifiketi sokufunda ngokuqwashiswa kokongiwa kwemvelo; IZimbabwe National Conservation Trust, iRepublic of Zimbabwe (1999).

6. Isitifiketi (sokuqeqeshwa izifundo ezikhethekile) sokuPhathwa Kwezokuvakasha kanye Nentuthuko Yamazwe ase-Afrika; I-China Ministry of Commerce kanye neChina National Tourism Trading and Service Corporation, eBeijing, eRiphabhlikhi yaseChina (isikhathi sokufunda izifundo ezimfushane: Novemba kuya kuDisemba 2009).

7. Isitifiketi sokufunda ku-Akhawunti Kazwelonke Yezibalo Zezokuvakasha kanye Nesathelayithi Yezokuvakasha; Inhlangano Yezokuvakasha Yesifunda yaseNingizimu ne-Afrika (RETOSA): I-RETOSA kanye neNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezokuvakasha (UNWTO), Uhlelo Lokuqeqesha, IRiphabhulikhi yaseZimbabwe (2011).

8. Isitifiketi sokufunda ku-Akhawunti Kazwelonke Yezibalo Zezokuvakasha kanye Nesathelayithi Yezokuvakasha; Inhlangano Yezokuvakasha Yesifunda yaseNingizimu ne-Afrika (RETOSA): I-RETOSA kanye neNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezokuvakasha (UNWTO), Uhlelo Lokuqeqesha, IRiphabhulikhi yaseMauritius (2014).

9. Isitifiketi sokufunda nge-Basic Counselling and Communication; IYunivesithi yaseZimbabwe ngokubambisana neNational Aids Coordinating Programme: Ministry of Health and Child Welfare kanye ne-United Nations Children's Fund, Republic of Zimbabwe (2002).

10. Isitifiketi Esifundweni Esiphakathi Nks Word, Ms Excel kanye nePowerPoint; IComputer Center, University of Zimbabwe, Republic of Zimbabwe (2003).

Isekelwe eHarare, eZimbabwe futhi ibhala ngokomuntu siqu.
[i-imeyili ivikelwe] noma i-263775846100

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