Ukundiza kwezindiza kuxhumanisa umhlaba wethu ngokuhamba kahle nangokuhamba phambili kwabantu, ukuvula amathuba amasha ezomnotho nokuhambisa ukudla nempahla emhlabeni wonke wethu. Ukundiza ngezindiza kuthuthukisa ukuqonda komhlaba wonke, kudala ukuhwebelana ngamasiko okunothile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela ekuhlalisaneni ngokuthula.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu sekuyinto ekhathazayo ngokusobala emphakathini wethu. Umthelela womuntu esimweni sezulu udinga isenzo ezinhlakeni eziningi. Imboni yezindiza isivele ithatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuvikela iplanethi futhi izoqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo.

I-Aviation inikela ngamaphesenti amabili ekhishwa yi-carbon dioxide eyenziwe ngabantu. Imboni iziphonsele inselelo yokunciphisa i-net CO₂ ukukhishwa noma ngabe ukufunwa kohambo lomoya nokuhamba kukhula kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa i-Air Transport Action Group (i-ATAG), imboni yezindiza yaba umkhakha wezimboni wokuqala emhlabeni ukubeka umgomo omkhulu: ukunciphisa i-CO₂ ukukhishwa kwesigamu sonyaka ka-2005 ngo-2050, nokukhawulela ukukhula kwe-CO net₂ ukukhishwa ngo-2020. Sisendleleni yokuhlangabezana nalezo zibophezelo eziseduze, kufaka phakathi ukuqaliswa kwe-Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme yowezi-2019 yohlelo lwe-International Aviation (CORSIA) njengoba kuvunyelwene yizizwe ze-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).

Izikhulu Eziphezulu Zobuchwepheshe zabakhiqizi bezindiza abaphambili abayisikhombisa emhlabeni manje sebesebenza ezingeni elingakaze libonwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imboni ihlangabezana nalezi zibophezelo ezinolaka nezidingekayo.

Isu

Kunezinto ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezindizeni eziqhubekayo:

Ukuqhubeka nokwakha ukwakhiwa kwezindiza nenjini nobuchwepheshe ekuphishekeleni okungapheli kokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli ne-CO encishisiwe₂ ukuphuma.
Ukusekela ukuthengiswa kwamafutha asezingeni elondolozekayo. Izindiza ezidayiswayo ezingaba ngu-185,000 sezivele zifakazele ukuthi izindiza zanamuhla zikulungele ukuzisebenzisa.
Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bezindiza obusha kanye nobuchwepheshe be-propulsion kanye nobuchwepheshe obusheshisayo obuzokwenza 'isizukulwane sesithathu' sezindiza.

Ezinye izinto, njengokuphathwa kahle kwetrafikhi yomoya nokuhanjiswa kwezindiza okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nakho kunendima ebalulekile okufanele kuyidlale. Imboni yethu ikhombise inqubekela phambili ebonakalayo ekwehliseni umsindo neminye imithelela kwezemvelo futhi isazoqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo.

Izindiza kanye Nokwakhiwa Kwezinjini Nezobuchwepheshe

Eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, ubuchwepheshe bezindiza nobenjini banciphise i-CO₂ ukukhishwa ngesilinganiso sonyaka esingaphezu kwephesenti elilodwa kumgibeli ngamunye womgibeli. Lokhu kube ngumphumela wokutshalwa kwezimali okuphawulekayo kwe-R & D kuzinto zokwakha, ukusebenza kahle kwe-aerodynamic, ukwakhiwa kwedijithali nezindlela zokukhiqiza, intuthuko ye-turbomachinery kanye nokwenza kahle izinhlelo zezindiza.

Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano zezimboni ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, umphakathi wezindiza uzibophezele ngokuzithandela ukuhlangabezana neqoqo lezinjongo ezihlosiwe zokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwemvelo kwendiza. Izinhloso ezibekwe nguMkhandlu Olulekayo Wocwaningo Lwezindiza eYurophu zifuna ukwehliswa kwamaphesenti angama-75 ku-CO₂, ukwehla ngamaphesenti angama-90 ku-NO_X nokwehla kwamaphesenti angama-65 omsindo ngo-2050, uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga ango-2000.

Ukusiza ukufeza lezi zinhloso ezinolaka, izivumelwano zomhlaba wonke ezifinyelelwe nge-ICAO zifuna ukuthi izinga lokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli libe yingxenye yenqubo yesitifiketi esetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindiza.

Sisazibophezele ekwenzeni ngcono imiklamo yezindiza nezenjini ekhona ukuqhubeka nomkhondo wokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, sibona izinselelo ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezisiphambi kwethu kanye nesidingo esiningi sokubandakanya izindlela ezinqala 'zesizukulwane sesithathu'.

Ukukhuthaza Ukuguqulwa Kwamandla: Okokhelekayo Kwezindiza Ezisimeme

Ukundiza kwezindiza kuzoqhubeka nokuthembela kumafutha oketshezi njengomthombo wamandla ayisisekelo ezindizeni ezinkulu nezide eziseduze ngekusasa elibonakalayo. Ngisho nangaphansi kwesibikezelo esinethemba elikhulu lokundiza okuhamba ngamandla kagesi, izindiza zezentengiselwano kanye nendawo eyodwa zizohlala zisebenza emikhunjini yomhlaba ngophethiloli wejet emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa kwe-Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) esebenzisa kabusha i-carbon esikhundleni se-carbon-based carbon futhi ihlangabezane namazinga aqinile, athembekile okusimama yingxenye ebalulekile yekusasa elizinzile. Izindlela ezinhlanu zokukhiqizwa kwama-SAF sezivele zivunyiwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe, kukhiqizwa isikali sokuhweba ngenye yalezi zindlela esezikhona. Sikholelwa ukuthi ukusheshisa ukukhiqizwa kokukhiqizwa kwazo zonke izindlela ezisebenzisekayo ezentengiselwano, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye kuthuthukiswa izindlela ezengeziwe zezindleko eziphansi, kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo. Lo msebenzi usuvele uyaqhubeka ezikhungweni zocwaningo kanye nasezinkampanini zemikhakha eyahlukene yezimboni. Okudingekayo ukunwetshwa kokwesekwa kukahulumeni kwezentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukutshalwa kwezindawo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezikhuthazo zokukhiqiza uphethiloli emhlabeni jikelele.

Sisekela ngokuphelele noma imuphi uphethiloli, osimeme, ongashabalali, futhi ohambisana nophethiloli okhona. Sizosebenzisana kakhulu nabakhiqizi baka-petroli, opharetha, izikhumulo zezindiza, izinhlangano zezemvelo kanye nezinhlaka zikahulumeni ukuletha la mafutha ekusetshenzisweni kwezindiza kabanzi ngaphambi kuka-2050.

Isikhathi Sesithathu Sezindiza

Ukuhamba ngezindiza kusekuqaleni kwenkathi yayo yesithathu enkulu, kwakhela esisekelweni esabekwa abafowethu bakaWright kanye nabasunguli beJet Age ngawo-1950. Isikhathi sesithathu sezindiza sinikwa amandla ngentuthuko yokwakhiwa okusha, ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini ezithuthukile, amandla kagesi nogesi ohlangene, okwenziwa ngamakhompiyutha, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa, izinto zokwenziwa nokukhiqizwa. Izindiza ezinkulu zizoqala ukuzuza emiklamweni yamanoveli ezoqhubeka ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle ngokuphathwa kokuhudula izindiza nokusabalalisa ukuqhuma ngezindlela ezintsha. Izinto ezintsha zizonika amandla izindiza ezilula, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwazo.

Sijabule ngalesi sizukulwane sesithathu sezindiza futhi, yize zonke izinkampani ezimelwe zinezindlela ezingafani, sonke siqhutshwa yisiqiniseko sokuthi sinegalelo kangakanani endimeni yezindiza esikhathini esizayo esimeme. Sikholelwa ukuthi ukundiza ngezindiza kungena esikhathini saso esijabulisa kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kweJet Age. Le nkathi yesithathu ithembisa umthelela omuhle oguqukayo ezimpilweni emhlabeni wonke - futhi sikulungele ukukufeza.

Ukubizelwa Esenzweni: Masenze Lelikusasa Ndawonye

Ikusasa lezindiza liqhakazile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwemizamo ebalulekile eyenziwa ngumkhakha wethu, sincike futhi ekusekelweni okuhlelekile okuvela kubenzi bezinqubomgomo, abalawuli kanye nohulumeni abasebenza ngokubambisana ukufeza lezi zinhloso.

Kumele kube nokuzibophezela okwengeziwe komphakathi nokwangasese ukusungula isisekelo esizwakalayo sokulawula ukubhekana nezinkinga ezintsha ezihambisana nobuchwepheshe bezindiza obusafufusa nokunikeza ukwesekwa okudingekayo kwezomnotho kwezentengiselwano ezibanzi zeSAF. Sibheka ukusebenzisana okubanzi, okujulile nokuqhubekayo nge-ICAO ukwenza izindlela ezihambisanayo zokulawulwa nezindikimba ezisunguliwe zokulawula nokulawula amazinga zikazwelonke nezomhlaba jikelele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-US Federal Aviation Administration, i-European Aviation Safety Agency, ne-Civil Aviation Administration yaseChina, i-Transport Canada, i-ANAC yaseBrazil nezinye.

Njengemboni ama-CTOs sizibophezele ekuqhubekeni nokusimama kwezindiza. Sikholelwa kulo mkhakha nendima yawo ekwenzeni umhlaba wethu ube yindawo ekhanyayo nephephile. Sikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi sinendlela yokwenza izindiza zisimame futhi sidlale indima enkulu kakhulu emphakathini wethu womhlaba wonke.

Grazia Vittadini
Chief Technology Officer
Airbus

UGreg Hyslop
Chief Technology Officer
Inkampani ye-Boeing

UBruno Stoufflet
Chief Technology Officer
Dassault Aviation

U-Eric Ducharme
engineer Chief
GE Aviation

UPaul Stein
Chief Technology Officer
Rolls-Royce

UStéphane Cueille
Chief Technology Officer
liqhakaze

UPaul Eremenko
Chief Technology Officer
UTC

LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:

Targets set by the Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe call for a 75 percent reduction in CO2, a 90 percent drop in NOX and a 65 percent decrease in noise by 2050, compared with year 2000 levels.
We are on track to meet those near-term commitments, including the 2019 implementation of the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) program as agreed upon by the nations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
The Chief Technology Officers of seven of the world's leading aviation manufacturers are now each working at an unprecedented level to ensure the industry meets these aggressive and necessary commitments.