Lolu hambo beluhlukile kuningi lohambo lwami. Imvamisa ngiya endaweni ngiyosebenza ezindabeni zokuphepha kwezokuvakasha, kepha lokhu uhambo oluya ePortugal kukhethekile. Ngilapha ngenxa yomsebenzi wami neCentre of Latino - Jewish Relations (CLJR). Imvamisa i-CLJR ihambisa abaholi baseLatino kwa-Israyeli. Lolu hambo, nokho, lubuyela emuva - luthatha zombili AmaLatinos namaJuda esangweni lomhlaba wesiko lama-Sephardic kanye nendawo yokweqa kwabaningi abeza emazweni aseMelika.
Ubudlelwano bePortugal nabantu bamaJuda bungesinye seziphakeme kakhulu. Ngasohlangothini olubi, iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki yasePutukezi yayimbi kangangokuba abantu empeleni babaleka ePortugal baya eSpain banquma ukuthatha amathuba abo neNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki yaseSpain. Ngakolunye uhlangothi oluhle, iPortugal kwakuyisiphephelo esithandwayo samaJuda aseSpain abaleka eSpain ngo-1492. AmaJuda amaningi aseSpain adlula ePortugal aya eLatin America ukuze abalekele amalangabi okuphenya kangangokuba ezingxenyeni eziningi zeLatin America, igama elithi "portugués" lifana “namaJuda.” Emlandweni wakamuva kakhulu, iPortugal isebenze njengendawo eyinhloko yokuhamba evumela amaJuda abalekela ukwesabeka kweYurophu eyayiphethwe amaJalimane ukuthola inkululeko emazweni aseMelika kanye nokubalekela ukwesabeka kweSizwe.
AmaJuda anikele kakhulu emphakathini wamaPutukezi. Kwakuyisayensi ka-Abraham Zacuto eyavumela ukuhamba ngokunembile olwandle oluvulekile emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba umuntu acabange i-GPS. KwakunguDona Grácia Mendes owakhombisa umhlaba ukuthi owesifazane angaba namandla njengendoda kukho konke ukuhweba okukhulu nasebhange. Le hodgepodge yezepolitiki yelukelwe uqobo lwomphefumulo wasePortugal.
Ukuba sezwekazini laseYurophu, iPortugal, njengengxenye enkulu yeYurophu, iyindawo “yezwe elidala” ebukekayo, obugagu, ubandlululo nobutha. IPortugal ayibheki entshonalanga kuphela, kepha yisizwe esentshonalanga kakhulu eYurophu, indawo ekude kakhulu entshonalanga yezwekazi laseYurophu. Ngokunjalo, leli izwe elinomzimba oseYurophu, kepha umphefumulo walo use-Atlantic Ocean, futhi amehlo alo abheke ezweni elisha lokuvuselelwa nethemba.
Ngazo zonke lezi zizathu i-CLJR yethu, kanye ne-Jewish Heritage Alliance, banqume ukuthi uhambo lwethu lokuqala lokuhlanganyela olungelona u-Israyeli ngeke lube kuleli kuphela olufanekisela umoya wokuhlola kepha futhi yindawo lapho amaJuda amaningi kanye namaLatinos ngaphesheya Melika izizwe isichotho.
Izolo bekuwusuku lwethu lokuqala cishe oluphelele lapha eLisbon. Siphume esikhumulweni sezindiza ngo-10: 00 ekuseni isikhathi sendawo futhi saba nenhlanhla yokuthola ukungena kusenesikhathi. Sibe sesihlanganisa ubuhle beLisbon nokuvakashela esinagogeni laso lokuqala langaphambi Kokuqulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki. Labo abaseqenjini banambithe idolobha elidumile le- “Pasteis de Belem,” basampula iwayini lalo, futhi babhekana ngqo namathemba nezinselelo zomphakathi wamaJuda, kwase kuthi i-presto yaqala “ukungena” emhlabeni ohlanganisa okudala nokusha, ukuphelelwa yithemba nethemba .
Namuhla, siye kwezinye “zamaphethelo” eLisbon. ISinta idolobha elihle futhi elinomlando namuhla elinemigwaqo yesimanje okwenza kube imizuzu engaba ngu-45 ukusuka eLisbon. Amanye amadolobha amabili ayizinkundla zokudlala ezidumile ze-chic, ezicebile, futhi ezidumile. ISinta kwakuyindawo ehlehla ehlobo noma ezweni leNkosi uManuel.
Impicabadala yeNkosi uManuel
Umlando ugcwele ama-ironies. Indaba yobudlelwano phakathi kweNkosi uManuel namaJuda ingenye yezindondo ezinjalo. UManuel wayeyinkosi eyayithanda kakhulu amaSemite kangangoba okudala ukuthi enze ingozi enkulu. Umlando usifundisa ukuthi njengengxenye yenani lomshado, uManuel kwakumele akhokhele amakhosi amabi, uFerdinand no-Isabel, ukuze bashade nendodakazi yabo. Lezi zinkosi zaseSpain zazifuna ukuba axoshe izikhonzi zakhe ezingamaJuda, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, abantu abangaphezu kuka-20% basePortugal babengamaJuda. Abaningi balaba bantu babeyizakhamizi ezikhiqiza kakhulu ePortugal.
Lesi sidingo sashiya inkosi inenkinga enkulu - hhayi ukuxosha amaJuda kwakusho ukuthi umshado wayo awusoze waba khona futhi mhlawumbe uzolahlekelwa yithuba lakhe lokuthola isihlalo sobukhosi saseSpain, kepha ukuxosha abantu bakhe abangamaJuda kwakusho ukuthi iPortugal izolahlekelwa yi-20% yabantu bayo. kanye nezakhamizi eziningi ezinamakhono amaningi. Isixazululo sakhe? Ukuguqulwa okuphoqelelwe kwamaJuda asePortugal. Isixazululo sabonakala siyindlela yokuthi inkosi igcine zombili izakhamizi zayo ezinamakhono futhi ikwazi ukushada, futhi mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku ithathe iSpain.
UManuel washada nendodakazi yamakhosi amabi aseSpain kepha akazange asithole isihlalo sobukhosi saseSpain. Ngokuqondene namaJuda angamaPutukezi, impilo yaba yimbi kakhulu. Kwakudingeka babhekane nezibhelu, ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi, kanye namalangabi okuQulwa Kwamacala Okubulala. Lezi zinto ezintathu bezisho ukuthi yize imingcele namachweba ePortugal kuvaliwe, abaningi bazothola indlela yokubalekela enkululekweni yaseHolland naseNew World.
Lapho behamba, bathatha ithalenta labo baya nalo. Inzalo yalaba babaleki abangamaPutukezi yakha imiphakathi emikhulu e-Amsterdam, eNew York, naseMexico. IPortugal yacwila kancane kwalasha omnyama, futhi kwaba ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 lapho uNdunankulu wasePortugal axolisa ngokusemthethweni kubantu abangamaJuda. Kungenxa yokuxolisa kukaMario Soares lapho kuvulwe isahluko esisha ebudlelwaneni bamaJuda namaPutukezi.
IPortugal yanamuhla iyaqonda ukuthi umonakalo owenziwe amalangabi Okubuzwa awusoze walungiswa. Iningi lenzalo yalokhu "kudlwengulwa ngokwenkolo" linikele okuningi - hhayi ePortugal - kodwa kwezinye izizwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinsimbi emlandweni, noma kunjalo, zisekhona. Namuhla lezi zisulu zingashaqeka lapho zizwa ngemiphakathi yamaJuda emisha futhi esekhona emadolobheni azungeze iPortugal. Njengesinxephezelo esinqunyiwe ngezenzo zayo zangaphambilini, iPortugal manje iselulekele isenzo sobulungiswa obungokomlando, ukuba yisakhamuzi kwabaningi bezizukulwane zezisulu. Mhlawumbe ngemuva kwamakhulu amahlanu eminyaka, ekugcineni sibona ukuvalwa kombuthano owaqala ngo-1496 wadonsa iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu.
Isithombe © Peter Tarlow
Isithombe © Peter Tarlow
Isithombe © Peter Tarlow
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- As such, this is a land whose body is in Europe, but its soul is in the Atlantic Ocean, and its eyes gaze toward a new world of renewal and hope.
- Ngazo zonke lezi zizathu i-CLJR yethu, kanye ne-Jewish Heritage Alliance, banqume ukuthi uhambo lwethu lokuqala lokuhlanganyela olungelona u-Israyeli ngeke lube kuleli kuphela olufanekisela umoya wokuhlola kepha futhi yindawo lapho amaJuda amaningi kanye namaLatinos ngaphesheya Melika izizwe isichotho.
- Not to expel the Jews meant his marriage would never occur and perhaps he would lose his chance to inherit the Spanish throne, but to expel his Jewish subjects meant that Portugal would lose 20% of its population and many of its most talented citizens.
