Robert UMugabe, lowo owayengumongameli waseZimbabwe udlulile emhlabeni. Ubeneminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu kanti ubesegule isikhathi esithile washonela esibhedlela eSingapore. Wayengomunye wenhloko yezwe eyayiphikisana kakhulu, UMongameli weZimbabwe kusuka ngomnyaka we-1987 ukuya kowezi-2017.
Umongameli Mugabe emhlanganweni UNWTO I-General Assembly 2013 (Isithombe u-Christian del Rosario we-eTN)
I-United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) I-General Assembly yamenyezelwa nguyena ukuthi ivuliwe ngo-2013.
Ngezansi kombhalo wekheli lakhe eliya kwinani elirekhodiwe lezithunywa ezivela emazweni ayi-124 ebezihambele ukuvulwa kwangeSonto ebusuku eVictoria Hotel eseVictoria Falls, eZimbabwe.
“UMhlonishwa uMnu uChilufya Sata, uMongameli weRiphabhulikhi yaseZambia, Unobhala-Jikelele we-United Nations World Tourism Organisation, uDkt Taleb Rifai, amalungu omphakathi wezokuxhumana, ongqongqoshe bethu abasingethe ezokuvakasha lapha kanye nabanye ongqongqoshe (UDkt Walter Mzembi) evela eRiphabhulikhi yaseZimbabwe naseZambia, izithunywa kanye nezivakashi zethu eziqavile ezivela ku UNWTO umndeni, abaholi bethu bomdabu, iNduna uMvuto kanye neNduna Mukuni, abahlanganyela iVictoria Falls evelele, okaputeni bemboni yezokuvakasha, manene namanenekazi, MaComrades nabangane, kuyintokozo yami impela, ukuhlonishwa kwezwe lami, iZimbabwe, ukusingatha UNWTO umndeni namuhla kusihlwa nangezinsuku ezinhlanu ezizayo.
Ukusingathwa kwalo Mhlangano Jikelele Wenhlangano Ekhethekile Yenhlangano Yezizwe kusenzela ingqophamlando ebalulekile emlandweni wezomnotho wamazwe ethu amabili, iZambia neZimbabwe kanye nesifunda seSouthern African Development Community (SADC). Silindele ukushiya uphawu olungenakucimeka ezinkumbulweni zethu, nokuthi lube yingxenye yefa lethu lesizukulwane, okukhomba ushintsho olucacile enhlanhleni yezokuvakasha yamazwe ethu amabili, izifunda zethu kanye nezwekazi lethu impela.
Mnu. UNobhala-Jikelele, isinqumo sakho sokubamba lo mcimbi obalulekile womhlaba wonke kule ndawo usikhuthaza emizamweni yethu eqhubekayo neqhubekayo, selokhu kwaqala ukuba khona umbuso waseZimbabwe, ukugcina ubudlelwane obuhle nomphakathi wonke wamazwe omhlaba, ngisho nalawo mazwe esingavumelani nakho ngazo zonke izindaba.
Ukukhethwa kwale ndawo kubantu abambalwa abazoncintisana kuzoqinisa ukuzimisela kwethu ukusebenzisa ezokuvakasha ngenhlalonhle yezomnotho kanye nokuthuthuka kwabantu bakithi eZambia, eZimbabwe nase-Afrika yonkana. Kuyasithokozisa ukugunyazwa kwamazwe ethu amabili njengosokhaya abafanelekile bomhlangano onjalo, nokwaziwa kwale ndawo njengaleyo ephephile futhi evikelekile kubavakashi bomhlaba.
Ngemva kokuthola uzibuse ngo-1980, iZimbabwe, futhi kusukela ngo-1981, yabona ukusebenza kahle kwe UNWTO isu lokuthuthukiswa komphakathi nezomnotho, ngokugcizelela kwalo ukukhula okusimeme isikhathi eside kwezomnotho ezingathuthukisiwe, okuhloswe, ngokwengxenye ukufeza okungenani iziNhloso Zokuthuthukiswa Kweminyaka Eyinkulungwane.
Sahlala siyilungu elikhuthele lenhlangano kwaze kwaba ngu-1999. Ngeshwa phakathi no-2000 kuya ku-2008 sabhekana nezinselelo ezinkulu ezidalwe, ingxenye enkulu, yizijeziso ezithena amandla ezingekho emthethweni ezabekwa phezu kwethu yizingxenye ezithile zasentshonalanga. Ngokudabukisayo lezi zijeziso zeza kanzima ngemva kwe-IMF/World Bank's-Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) eyathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezingezinhle, yakhubaza ukubamba iqhaza kwethu emizimbeni efana ne-Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP). UNWTO.
Ngokujabulisayo ngo-2009, ngokusizwa yi-SADC kanye ne-AU, sabumba uhulumeni wobumbano lukazwelonke, i-GNU, okwaholela ekuthambekeni ngandlela thile kwezimo ezazibhekiswe kithi ngakubantu ababesephula ezombusazwe nakwezomnotho.
Ngigculiseke kakhulu ngokuthi uMnyango Wezokuvakasha Nezokuvakasha owawusanda kumiswa wavuselela ubulungu bethu UNWTO futhi, ngokwesekwa kwakho okusebenzayo, uNobhala Jikelele u-Rifai, uqhubeke ube yilungu elikhuthele kakhulu lenhlangano, uthole isihlalo eMkhandlwini Ophethe wenhlangano ngawo lowo nyaka.
Kusukela lapho asibange sisabheka emuva futhi, ngemuva kwesicelo sethu esiyimpumelelo samazwe amabili neZambia sokubamba lesi seshini ngokubambisana, sizithola silapha kusihlwa. Mina noMongameli Sata sesisayine iGolden Book of Tourism, lokhu kube ngamanxusa ezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke - ungalokothi ukhathazeke ngosizi lwabanye bethu abasidelelayo ngalolu daba.
Ngicela nazise nonke, ukuthi ukusayinwa kwencwadi yegolide yezokuvakasha bekungeyona nje indaba yomkhosi wethu, ngoba ngaleso senzo sibonile iqhaza elibalulekile lezepolitiki nezomnotho ezokuvakasha ezingazibamba emazweni ethu amabili nakwizwekazi lethu. . Sizibophezele ekusebenziseni lo mkhakha njengomgqugquzeli omkhulu wokukhula komnotho wethu.
Ake ngithathe leli thuba ngiphinde ngigcizelele ukuzibophezela kweZimbabwe ezindinganisweni nasezimisweni zokusungula zeNhlangano Yezizwe, naphezu kokuhlupheka kwethu ekuthambekeni kobudlova kwabanye babaphathi bezomnotho nabezempi emhlabeni ababusa le nhlangano.
Seneliseke kakhulu ukuthi iNhlangano yeziZwe iyindikimba ebalulekile yaso sonke isintu. Sijabule kakhulu ukuthi i-ejensi yayo ekhethekile njenge-UNICEF kanye ne UNWTO zibe nomthelela obaluleke kakhulu enhlalakahleni yesintu.
UDkt Rifai, makhosikazi kanye nokugcizelela kwenhlangano yenu kwezokuvakasha okusimeme kunomthelela omkhulu ngokubaluleka kweZimbabwe emigomeni yentuthuko ngokulingana nangokunika amandla uquqaba.
Kungaleso sizathu, ukuthi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ngisekela ngokuphelele isicelo seZambia neZimbabwe sokubamba le General Assembly. Ngijabule kakhulu ukuthi inhlangano ithathe isinqumo sokubamba i-General Assembly lapha. Lokho kukhombisa izinhlangano ukuzibophezela ekuthuthukiseni ezokuvakasha e-Afrika.
Lokhu impela, njengoba kufanele kube njalo. Isimo esikhona njengamanje lapho i-Afrika inesabelo samaphesenti amane kuphela semali engenayo yezokuvakasha emhlabeni, naphezu kwezinsizakusebenza zayo ezinkulu zemvelo nezamasiko ezokuvakasha yinto esikhathazayo kakhulu.
Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi uma ubheka ekukhanyeni lapho uNobhala-Jikelele, uqokomise khona amaphuzu athile ku-White Paper yakho yonyaka ka-2010. Kulelo phepha, ugcizelele ukuqina komkhakha wezokuvakasha ngezikhathi ezinzima kwezomnotho, noma ngabe kunenkinga yezomnotho emhlabeni, kanye amandla okunciphisa ubuphofu ngokuziphatha kwawo okuhle kumaphrojekthi womphakathi angaholwa ngabesifazane nentsha. Lezi zibaluleke kakhulu kithi.
Mayelana nalokhu, kufanele ngiphethe ngokubhala phansi ukubonga kwethu ngosizo abaluthole UNWTO ifinyelele kithi kuze kube manje njengesifunda. Lokhu okwakamuva kuhlanganisa nokwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okudluliselwe ku-SADC, ngokusebenzisa i-RETOSA, lapho i-RETOSA ithole khona usizo ekusungulweni kwe-Tourism Satellite Accounting System (TSAS). I-TSAS izosisiza ukuthi siphendule ngokugcwele ngegalelo eligcwele lezokuvakasha ku-GDP yethu kazwelonke neyesifunda.
Ngiphinde ngiphawule ngokugculiseka okukhulu ukuthi UNWTO selugunyaze inhlelo ezizinze emphakathini eZimbabwe, njalo uhlelo lwabo lweSustainable Tourism for the reduction of poverty (STEP) luzaqhutshwa ngaphansi kwendikimba ethi “Thuthukisa ukuphatheka kwentsha labesifazana kwezokuvakasha.”
Leli yithuluzi lokuhlomisa ngempumelelo elizothuthukisa ukulingana kanye nokutholakala kwemali engenayo yezokuvakasha. Kubuye kuzwakale ngokuzwakalayo nabantu abanika amandla imizamo uhulumeni wami ayilandelayo.
Izihloko oqonde ukuzenza kule ngqungquthela zifingqwe ngamabinzana okubamba athi 'Imingcele evulekile nezulu elivulekile, kususa izithiyo ekukhuleni kwezokuvakasha e-Afrika.' zifaneleka kakhulu ezikhathini zethu.
Ayikho indlela i-Afrika engakhuphula ngayo ingxenye yayo yekhekhe lezokuvakasha lomhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokukhuthaza kuqala ukuvakasha kwamazwe ase-Afrika. Impela ukuxhumana kwamadolobha, izifunda nokuheha kwase-Afrika kuyisivuno esihle ekukhuliseni isabelo se-Afrika, njengoba kusebenza, ekugcineni, ukuhlanganisa umkhiqizo wezokuvakasha wase-Afrika kanye nokumaketha nokukhangisa kwawo, okwenza ukuthi uthandeke kakhulu kumhambi ohamba isikhathi eside kunalokho okwenzekayo manje.
Isidingo semingcele evulekile, ngokusebenzisa imibuso yama-visa evimbela izifunda, esizama ukuyisebenzisa e-UNIVISA ngokusebenzisa i-RETOSA, ngeke ivumele ukuhamba okulula phakathi kwezakhamizi ze-SADC, kuzokwenza kube lula kuzivakashi nomtshalizimali ohamba isikhathi eside.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-Afrika iguqule amasu aheha kahle izivakashi ezwenikazi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa umzamo waseYurophu wokugcina amadola ezokuvakasha ngaphakathi kweZindawo Zase-Euro, ngokubeka intela yokuhamba esikhumulweni sezindiza yabajezisi bayo.
Uhlobo lomngcele ongenamthungo phakathi kwedolobha laseLivingstone kanye nedolobha laseVictoria Falls olubekwe ngenhloso yale ngqungquthela kufanele lube ngumthetho kunalowo ohlukile, kuyo yonke imiphakathi esondele emingceleni yezokuvakasha kuyo yonke i-SADC, futhi ekugcineni kulo lonke elase-Afrika. I-Afrika ingazuza kuphela ngokuziphatha okuqhubeka njengemakethe eyodwa ejwayelekile. ”
Comrade President Sata, kuyithemba lami elikhulu ukuthi iphupho kanye nombono wabasunguli be-Afrika ezimele, we-United States of Africa uzogcwaliseka ngelinye ilanga kungekudala.
Imicimbi efana nalena, uNobhala Jikelele, oyakhile futhi wayibeka njengo 'Mhlangano Jikelele Wase-Afrika Oyingqayizivele,' ingaba mincane, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu ekufezekisweni kwenhlangano edidiyelwe yezomnotho nezepolitiki ebizwa nge-Afrika.
Bahlonishwa, zihambeli ezihloniphekile, manene namanenekazi, ngiyanemukela eVictoria Falls futhi nginifisela okuhle kodwa lapho nicabangisisa futhi nisombulula. Sicela ukujabulele ukungenisa izihambi kwethu kwase-Afrika. Lapha uzovuka njalo ekuseni uvungama izinyoni zethu kanye ne-aura yelanga lase-Afrika, futhi ekupheleni kosuku ngalunye uyolala ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi sase-Afrika.
Ngala mazwi, ngimemezela iSeshini yama-20 ye UNWTO I-General Assembly ivulwe ngokusemthethweni.”
Ngubani URobert Mugabe?
URobert Mugabe wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 21, 1924, eKutama, eSouthern Rhodesia (manje eyiZimbabwe). Ngo-1963, wasungula iZANU, inhlangano eyayiphikisana nombuso wamakholoni waseBrithani. UMugabe waba undunankulu weRiphabhulikhi entsha yaseZimbabwe ngemuva kokuphela kokubusa kwaseBrithani ngo-1980, futhi wathatha isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kamuva. UMugabe ubambelele ngamandla, ngokhetho olwaba nempikiswano, waze waphoqeleka ukuthi ashiye phansi umsebenzi ngoNovemba 2017, eneminyaka engama-93.
Iminyaka Emincane Nemfundo
URobert Gabriel Mugabe wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 21, 1924, eKutama, eSouthern Rhodesia (manje eyiZimbabwe), ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa iSouth Rhodesia isiphenduke ikoloni laseBrithani. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu besigodi sakhe babecindezelwe yimithetho emisha futhi babhekana nemikhawulo yokufunda kwabo namathuba emisebenzi.
Ubaba kaMugabe wayengumbazi. Waya kosebenza emishini yamaJesuit eNingizimu Afrika ngenkathi uMugabe esengumfana, futhi ngendlela engaqondakali akazange afike ekhaya. Umama kaMugabe, owayenguthisha, wasala ekhulisa uMugabe nezingane zakubo ezintathu yedwa. Ngesikhathi esemncane, uMugabe wasiza ngokunakekela izinkomo zomndeni nokwenza imali ngemisebenzi engajwayelekile
Yize abantu abaningi eSouthern Rhodesia bafika kuphela esikoleni sohlelo lolimi, uMugabe waba nenhlanhla yokuthola imfundo enhle. Ufunde isikole emishini yamaJesuit yendawo ngaphansi kweso lomqondisi wesikole uBaba O'Hea. Umthelela onamandla kumfana, u-O'Hea wafundisa uMugabe ukuthi bonke abantu kufanele baphathwe ngokulinganayo futhi bafundiswe ukufeza amakhono abo. Othisha bakaMugabe, ababembiza ngokuthi “ngumfana okhaliphile,” bebeqala ukubona amakhono akhe njengamakhulu.
Izimiso u-O'Hea ayezinika abafundi bakhe zazithinta uMugabe, okwenza ukuthi azidlulise ngokuba nguthisha uqobo. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye, wafunda ngasese ngenkathi efundisa ezikoleni eziningi zemishini eSouthern Rhodesia. UMugabe waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe e-University of Fort Hare eSouth Africa, waphothula iziqu zeBachelor of Arts emlandweni nangesiNgisi ngo-1951. UMugabe wabe esebuyela kwelakubo eyofundisa khona. Ngo-1953, wayesethole iziqu zakhe zeBachelor of Education ngezifundo zokuxhumana.
Ngo-1955, uMugabe wathuthela eNyakatho Rhodesia. Lapho, wafundisa iminyaka emine eChalimbana Training College ngenkathi esebenza neziqu zakhe zeBachelor of Science kwezomnotho ngezifundo zokubhalelana ne-University of London. Ngemuva kokuthuthela eGhana, uMugabe waphothula iziqu zakhe zezomnotho ngo-1958. Wabuye wafundisa eSt. Mary's Teacher Training College, lapho ahlangana khona nonkosikazi wakhe wokuqala, uSarah Heyfron, owayezoshada naye ngo-1961. EGhana, uMugabe wazibiza ngoMarxist, ukusekela inhloso kahulumeni waseGhana yokuhlinzeka ngamathuba alinganayo emfundo kulabo abasezingeni eliphansi ababekhethwe phambilini.
Umsebenzi Wokuqala Wezepolitiki
Ngo-1960, uRobert Mugabe wabuyela kwelakubo ngekhefu, ehlela ukwethula ingoduso yakhe kunina. Ngokungalindelekile, lapho efika, uMugabe wahlangana neSouthern Rhodesia eshintshe kakhulu. Amashumi ezinkulungwane emindeni yabamnyama ayesele dengwane nguhulumeni omusha wamakoloni, kanti abantu abamhlophe base beqhume. Uhulumeni wenqaba umthetho wabamnyama abaningi, okwaholela emibhikishweni enodlame. UMugabe naye wayethukuthele ngalokhu kuphucwa kwamalungelo abamnyama. NgoJulayi 1960, wavuma ukukhuluma nesixuku embhikishweni owawungoMashi wezi-7,000 XNUMX, owawuhlelwe eSalisbury eHarare Town Hall. Inhloso yalo mbuthano bekuwukuba amalungu enhlangano ephikisayo abhikishe ngokuboshwa kwabaholi babo muva nje. Ezishaya insimbi ebusweni bokusongelwa ngamaphoyisa, uMugabe utshele ababhikishi ngendlela iGhana eyithole ngayo inkululeko ngokuzimela ngeMarxism.
Ngemuva kwamasonto nje, uMugabe wakhethwa njengoNobhala woMphakathi weNational Democratic Party. Ngokuya ngamamodeli aseGhana, uMugabe washeshe waqoqa uphiko lwentsha olwaluzosakaza izindaba zokuthola inkululeko yabantu abamnyama eRhodesia. Uhulumeni walivala leli qembu ngasekupheleni kuka-1961, kodwa abalandeli ababesele bahlangana babumba inhlangano eyayingeyokuqala yalolu hlobo eRhodesia. Ngokushesha iZimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) yakhula yaba ngamalungu amakhulu angama-450,000.
Umholi wale nyunyana, uJoshua Nkomo, umenywe ukuba ahlangane neZizwe Ezihlangene, ezifuna ukuthi iBrithani imise umthethosisekelo wayo iphinde ilungise isihloko sokubusa kweningi. Kodwa, njengoba isikhathi sihamba futhi kungekho okushintshile, uMugabe nabanye bakhungathekile ukuthi uNkomo akazange agcizelele usuku oluthile lokuguqulwa komthethosisekelo. Ukukhathazeka kwakhe kwakukukhulu, kangangokuthi ngo-Ephreli ka-1961, uMugabe wakhuluma esidlangalaleni ngokuqala impi yama-guerilla - waze walibiza iphoyisa wathi, "Sithatha leli zwe futhi ngeke sibekezelele lo mbhedo."
Ukwakheka kweZANU
Ngo-1963, uMugabe nabanye ababengabasekeli bakaNkomo basungula inhlangano yabo yokulwisana, ebizwa ngeZimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), eTanzania. Emuva eSouthern Rhodesia ngokuhamba konyaka, amaphoyisa abopha uMugabe amthumela ejele laseHwahwa. UMugabe uzohlala ejele isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi, esuswa ejele laseHwahwa ayiswa esikhungweni sababoshwa eSikombela futhi kamuva wayiswa ejele laseSalisbury. Ngo-1964, ngesikhathi esejele, uMugabe wathembela kwezokuxhumana ngasese ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwamaphekula ukukhulula iSouthern Rhodesia embusweni waseBrithani.
Ngo-1974, uNdunankulu u-Ian Smith, owathi uzofinyelela ekubuseni kweningi kodwa wabuye wamemezela ukwethembeka kwakhe kuhulumeni wamakholoni waseBrithani, wavumela uMugabe ukuba ashiye ejele aye engqungqutheleni eyayiseLusaka, eZambia (okwakunguNyakatho Rhodesia). UMugabe esikhundleni salokho weqa wabuyela ngaphesheya komngcele waya eSouthern Rhodesia, wahlanganisa ibutho labaqeqeshi bamaphekula baseRhodesia endleleni. Izimpi zaqhubeka ngawo wonke ama-1970. Ekupheleni kwalelo shumi leminyaka, umnotho waseZimbabwe wawususesimeni esibi kakhulu kunakuqala. Ngo-1979, ngemuva kokuthi uSmith azame ngokungekho emthethweni ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni noMugabe, abaseBrithani bavuma ukuqapha ukuguqulwa kombuso wabamnyama abaningi futhi i-UN yasusa unswinyo.
Ngo-1980, iSouthern Rhodesia yakhululeka embusweni waseBrithani futhi yaba yiRiphabhulikhi ezimele yaseZimbabwe. Esebenza ngaphansi kwesibhengezo seqembu le-ZANU, uMugabe wakhethwa njengondunankulu waleli lizwe elisha, ngemuva kokulwa noNkomo. Ngo-1981, kwaqubuka impi phakathi kweZANU neZAPU ngenxa yezinhloso zabo ezingafani. Ngo-1985, uMugabe waphinde waqokwa njengoba impi yayiqhubeka. Ngo-1987, lapho iqembu lezithunywa zevangeli libulawa kabuhlungu ngabasekeli bakaMugabe, uMugabe noNkomo ekugcineni bavuma ukuhlanganisa izinyunyana zabo neZANU-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) futhi bagxile ekubuyiseni umnotho wesizwe.
UMongameli
Kungakapheli nje isonto lesivumelwano sobumbano, uMugabe waqokwa njengoMongameli waseZimbabwe. Ukhethe uNkomo njengomunye wongqongqoshe abaphezulu. Inhloso yokuqala enkulu kaMugabe kwakungukuhlela kabusha nokulungisa umnotho wezwe owahluleka. Ngo-1989, wazimisela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu, olwehlisa umkhawulo wamanani entengo kubalimi, ebavumela ukuthi bazikhethele amanani abo. Ngo-1994, ekupheleni kwesikhathi seminyaka emihlanu, umnotho wawusubone ukukhula okuthile ezimbonini zezolimo, ezezimayini nezokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho uMugabe ukwazile ukwakha imitholampilo nezikole zabantu abamnyama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, unkosikazi kaMugabe, uSarah, wadlula emhlabeni, wamkhulula ukuba ashade nenkosikazi yakhe, uGrace Marufu.
Ngo-1996, izinqumo zikaMugabe zase ziqale ukudala uthuthuva phakathi kwezakhamizi zaseZimbabwe, ezake zamncoma njengeqhawe ngokuhola izwe lathola inkululeko. Abaningi bakucasukela ukukhetha kwakhe ukuxhasa ukuthathwa komhlaba wabamhlophe ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo kubanikazi, nokuyinto uMugabe agcizelela ukuthi yiyo kuphela indlela yokulinganisa inkundla yezomnotho yeningi labamnyama ababengavunyelwe amalungelo. Izakhamizi nazo zacasulwa ukwenqaba kukaMugabe ukuchibiyela umthethosisekelo weqembu elilodwa eZimbabwe. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu bekungolunye udaba olubuhlungu, okuholele esitelekeni sabasebenzi bakahulumeni sokunyuselwa amaholo. Ukunyuselwa amaholo kwabasebenzi bakahulumeni kwandisa intukuthelo yomphakathi ekuphathweni kukaMugabe.
Ukuphikisana namaqhinga ezombusazwe kaMugabe aqhubeka nokuphazamisa impumelelo yakhe. Ngo-1998, ngesikhathi enxenxa amanye amazwe ukuthi anikele ngemali yokwabiwa komhlaba, amazwe athi ngeke anikele ngaphandle kokuthi aqale uhlelo lokusiza umnotho waseZimbabwe oswele. UMugabe wenqaba, namazwe enqaba ukunikela.
Ngo-2000, uMugabe waphasisa isichibiyelo kumthethosisekelo owenza ukuthi iBrithani ikhokhele umhlaba owawuthathwe kwabamnyama. UMugabe uthe uzothatha umhlaba waseBrithani njengembuyiselo uma behluleka ukukhokha. Isichibiyelo lesi sibeka obunye ubunzima kwezobudlelwano beZimbabwe lamanye amazwe.
Yize kunjalo, uMugabe, owayegqoka ngendlela ehloniphekile owayedlubhe amahembe amibalabala ngobuso bakhe, wanqoba ukhetho luka-2002. Ukuqagela ukuthi ugcwalise ibhokisi lokuvota kuholele i-European Union ukubeka ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali nezinye unswinyo kwezomnotho eZimbabwe. Ngalesi sikhathi umnotho waseZimbabwe wawususondelene namanxiwa. Indlala, ubhadane lwengculaza, izikweletu zakwamanye amazwe kanye nokusweleka kwemisebenzi okusabalele ezweni lonke. Yize kunjalo uMugabe wayezimisele ngokugcina isikhundla sakhe futhi wakwenza nganoma yiziphi izindlela ezidingekayo - kubandakanya nodlame nenkohlakalo - ngokuwina ivoti okhethweni lwasePhalamende lwango-2005.
Ukwenqaba kukaCede Power
NgoMashi 29, 2008, ngesikhathi ehlulwa okhethweni lukamongameli kuMorgan Tsvangirai, umholi weMovement for Democratic Change (MDC), uMugabe wayengazimisele ukudedela izintambo futhi wafuna ukuba kubalwe kabusha. Ukhetho olwenziwa kabusha lwaluzobanjwa ngoJuni. Khonamanjalo, abalandeli beMDC babehlaselwa ngodlame babulawa ngamalungu aphikisayo kaMugabe. Ngenkathi uMugabe ememezela obala ukuthi inqobo nje uma esaphila, akasoze avumela uTsvangirai abuse iZimbabwe, uTsvangirai waphetha ngokuthi ukusebenzisa amandla kukaMugabe kuzokwenza ivoti livune uMugabe noma kunjalo, wase ehoxa.
Ukwenqaba kukaMugabe ukunikela ngamandla kamongameli kwaholela kokunye ukuqubuka okunodlame okwalimaza izinkulungwane futhi kwaholela ekufeni kwabalandeli bakaTsvangirai abangama-85. NgoSepthemba lowo, uMugabe noTsvangirai bavumelana ngesivumelwano sokwabelana amandla. Selokhu azimisela ukuqhubeka nokuphatha, uMugabe usaphumelele ukugcina amandla amaningi ngokulawula ezokuphepha nokukhetha abaholi ezikhundleni ezibaluleke kakhulu zoNgqongqoshe.
Ekupheleni konyaka we-2010, uMugabe wathatha ezinye izinyathelo zokulawula iZimbabwe ngokuphelele ngokukhetha abaphathi besikhashana ngaphandle kokubonisana noTsvangirai. Ikhebula lezokuxhumana laseMelika likhombise ukuthi uMugabe kungenzeka ukuthi ulwa nomdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa ngonyaka olandelayo. Lezi zinsolo ziphakamise ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngokuvukela umbuso kwamasosha uma kwenzeka uMugabe eshona esesikhundleni. Abanye bazwakalise ukukhathazeka kwabo ngokuthi kungenzeka kube nempi yangaphakathi enobudlova ngaphakathi kweZANU-PF, uma abazongenela ukhetho befuna ukuncintisana ukuze babe ngumlandeli kaMugabe.
Ukhetho lwe-2013
NgoDisemba 10, 2011, eNgqungqutheleni Kazwelonke Yabantu eyayiseBulawayo, uMugabe wamemezela ngokusemthethweni isicelo sakhe sokhetho lukazwelonke lwaseZimbabwe ngo-2012. Ukhetho lwahlehliswa, nokho, njengoba zombili izinhlangothi zavumelana ngokuqamba umthethosisekelo omusha, zaphinde zahlelelwa u-2013. Abantu baseZimbabwe baphuma bezokweseka lo mbhalo omusha ngoMashi 2013, bewuphasisa kwinhlolovo yomthethosisekelo, yize abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi owe-2013 Ukhetho lukamongameli luzokonakala ngenkohlakalo nodlame.
Ngokombiko othile Reuters Umbiko, abamele izinhlangano zomphakathi ezicishe zibe ngama-60 ezweni bakhale ngokuqothulwa kukaMugabe nabasekeli bakhe. Begxeka uMugabe, amalungu ala maqembu ayesatshiswa, eboshwa nezinye izindlela zokushushiswa. Bekukhona nombuzo wokuthi ngubani ozovunyelwa ukuthi abheke uhlelo lokuvota. UMugabe uthe ngeke avumele abaseNtshonalanga ukuthi babheke noma yiluphi ukhetho lwaleliya lizwe.
NgoMashi, uMugabe waya eRoma emcimbini wokuvulwa kukaPapa Francis, owayesanda kubizwa njengopapa. UMugabe utshele izintatheli ukuthi uPapa omusha kufanele ahambele i-Afrika futhi wathi, "Siyethemba ukuthi uzosithatha sonke izingane zakhe ngesisekelo esifanayo, ngesisekelo sokulingana, ngesisekelo sokuthi sonke emehlweni kaNkulunkulu siyalingana," ngokusho kombiko ka The Associated Press.
Ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi 2013, phakathi kwezingxoxo mayelana nokhetho olukhona manje nolulindelwe kakhulu eZimbabwe, uMugabe, 89, waba sematheni ngesikhathi ebuzwa ukuthi ngabe usefuna ukuphinde angenele ukhetho luka-2018 (wayezoba ngu-94 ngaleso sikhathi) yintatheli evela I-New York Times, uMengameli waphendula wathi, "Kungani ufuna ukwazi izimfihlo zami?" Ngokuvumelana ne The Washington Post, Umphikisi kaMugabe, uTsvangirai, usole abaphathi bezokhetho ngokukhipha amavoti acishe abe ngu-70,000 XNUMX esivuna yena afakwa kusenesikhathi.
Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ikhomishini yokhetho eZimbabwe yamemezela uMugabe njengonqobile embangweni wobumengameli. Uthole amaphesenti angama-61 evoti kanti uTsvangirai uthole amaphesenti angama-34 kuphela, ngokusho kweBBC News. UTsvangirai bekulindeleke ukuthi ethule inselelo yezomthetho emelene nemiphumela yokhetho. Ngokusho kwe- Guardian Iphephandaba, uTsvangirai uthe ukhetho "alukhombisi intando yabantu. Angicabangi ukuthi nalabo abase-Afrika abenze ubugebengu ngendlela ekhubazekile bakwenze ngendlela exakile. ”
Ukuboshwa kwesakhamuzi saseMelika
NgoNovemba 2017 owesifazane waseMelika owayehlala eZimbabwe wabekwa icala lokuchitha uhulumeni nokucekela phansi igunya lika - noma lokuthuka - umongameli.
Ngokusho kwabashushisi, ummangalelwa, uMartha O'Donovan, umxhumanisi wephrojekthi yesishoshovu iMagamba Network, "wayefuna ngokuhlelekile ukuvusa uthuthuva lwezepolitiki ngokwandisa, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yezinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nokusebenzisa i-Twitter. ama-akhawunti. ” Ubebhekene neminyaka engama-20 ebhadla ejele ngamacala la.
Ukuboshwa kuphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi uhulumeni kaMugabe uzama ukulawula izinkundla zokuxhumana ngaphambi kokhetho lukazwelonke lwango-2018.
Ukuthathwa Kwezempi Nokuyeka Umsebenzi
Khonamanjalo, isimo esibuhlungu besivele eZimbabwe ngokuqala kwalokho obekubukeka kungumbuso wamasosha. NgoNovemba 14, kungakapheli sikhathi esingakanani uMugabe exoshe iphini likamengameli u-Emmerson Mnangagwa, kwabonakala amathangi enhlokodolobha yezwe, iHarare. Ekuseni ngakusasa, okhulumela umbutho wezempi wavela ku-TV ememezela ukuthi amasosha asemkhankasweni wokubopha izigebengu "ezidala ukuhlupheka kwezenhlalo nezomnotho ezweni ukuze zizobhekana nengalo yomthetho."
Isikhulumi sigcizelele ukuthi lokhu bekungekhona ukuthi uhulumeni uthathe amasosha, wathi, "Sifisa ukuqinisekisa isizwe ukuthi ubukhulu bakhe umengameli… nomndeni wakhe baphephile futhi banempilo futhi nokuvikeleka kwabo kuqinisekisiwe." Ngaleso sikhathi, uMugabe wayengaziwa ukuthi ukuphi, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi wayevalelwe kwakhe.
Ngakusasa, eZimbabwe I-Herald kushicilelwe izithombe zikamongameli osekhulile ekhaya, kanye nezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni nezamasosha. Lezi zikhulu kubikwa ukuthi bezidingida ngokuqaliswa kukahulumeni wesikhashana, yize kungekho sitatimende esenziwe emphakathini ngalolu daba.
NgoNovemba 17, uMugabe waphinde wavela esidlangalaleni emcimbini wokuthweswa iziqu enyuvesi, okukholakala ukuthi kufihle isiphithiphithi esenzeka ngasese. Ngemuva kokwala ekuqaleni ukusebenzisana nezinhlelo ezihlongozwayo zokumsusa ngokuthula emandleni, umengameli kubikwa ukuthi uvumile ukumemezela umhlalaphansi wakhe ngesikhathi senkulumo yethelevishini ehlelelwe uNovemba 19.
Kodwa-ke, uMugabe akazange akhulume ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngesikhathi ekhuluma, kunalokho wagcizelela ukuthi uzokwengamela ingqungquthela kaDisemba yeqembu elibusayo leZANU-PF. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi iqembu lizoqala izindlela zokumvotela aphume esikhundleni.
NgoNovemba 22, ngemuva nje kwesithangami sokubambisana sePhalamende laseZimbabwe ebelibize ivoti lokumiswa kukasolwa, uSomlomo wafunda incwadi evela kuMengameli owayebambene ngezihluthu. "Ngisulile esikhundleni sami ukuvumela ukudluliswa kwamandla," kubhala uMugabe. "Ngicela nazise umphakathi ngesinqumo sami ngokushesha okukhulu."
Ukuphela kweminyaka engu-37 kaMugabe kuhlangatshezwe ihlombe ngamalungu ePhalamende, kanye nemikhosi emigwaqweni yaseZimbabwe. Ngokusho kokhulumela i-ZANU-PF, lowo owayeyisekela likamongameli Mnangagwa uzothatha izintambo njengoMengameli futhi asebenze isikhathi esisele sikaMugabe kuze kufike ukhetho lwango-2018.
Ngaphambi kokhetho lwangoJulayi 30, 2018, uMugabe wathi wayengeke akwazi ukusekela ozongena esikhundleni sakhe, uMnangagwa, ngemuva kokuphoqelelwa ukuba aphume “yiqembu engalisungula,” waphakamisa nokuthi umholi weqembu eliphikisayo uNelson Chamisa weMDC nguyena kuphela owayengamele ukhetho lukaMengameli. Lokho kudonse impendulo enamandla kuMnangagwa, othe, "Kusobala kubo bonke ukuthi uChamisa wenze isivumelwano noMugabe, asisakwazi ukukholwa ukuthi izinhloso zakhe wukuguqula iZimbabwe nokwakha kabusha isizwe sethu."
Ukungezwani okhethweni kuphinde kwathululeka emphakathini, imibhikisho iphenduke udlame ngalokhu okwamenyezelwa njengokunqoba kweZANU-PF ePhalamende nokunqoba kukaMnangagwa. Usihlalo weMDC uMorgan Komichi uthe iqembu lakhe lizophikisana nomphumela enkantolo.
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- Walter Mzembi) ovela eRiphabhulikhi yaseZimbabwe naseZambia, izithunywa kanye nezihambeli zethu eziqavile ezivela ku UNWTO umndeni, abaholi bethu bomdabu, iNduna uMvuto kanye neNduna Mukuni, abahlanganyela iVictoria Falls evelele, okaputeni bemboni yezokuvakasha, manene namanenekazi, MaComrades nabangane, kuyintokozo yami impela, ukuhlonishwa kwezwe lami, iZimbabwe, ukusingatha UNWTO umndeni namuhla kusihlwa nangezinsuku ezinhlanu ezizayo.
- Ngigculiseke kakhulu ngokuthi uMnyango Wezokuvakasha Nezokuvakasha owawusanda kumiswa wavuselela ubulungu bethu UNWTO futhi, ngokwesekwa kwakho okusebenzayo, uNobhala Jikelele u-Rifai, uqhubeke ube yilungu elikhuthele kakhulu lenhlangano, uthole isihlalo eMkhandlwini Ophethe wenhlangano ngawo lowo nyaka.
- Ngokujabulisayo ngo-2009, ngokusizwa yi-SADC kanye ne-AU, sabumba uhulumeni wobumbano lukazwelonke, i-GNU, okwaholela ekuthambekeni ngandlela thile kwezimo ezazibhekiswe kithi ngakubantu ababesephula ezombusazwe nakwezomnotho.
