Ngabe iBoeing ayinacala noma inecala elingaphezulu ku-B737 Max 8

Ngabe iBoeing ayinacala noma inecala elingaphezulu ku-B737 Max 8
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Mhlawumbe Ama-Ethiopian Airlines kade iqamba amanga ngakho-ke ayinakuthenjwa ngemuva kokulahleka kwamakhulu empilo. Lawa ngamazwi ashiwo yimpempe nowayeyisisebenzi sakwaEthiopian Airlines manje ahlala enhlokodolobha yaseBoeing iSeattle, e-USA ahlala e-US ngokukhoseliswa. Lolu daba lubucayi hhayi iBoeing kuphela, kepha nakwezomnotho wase-US, futhi nokuthola indawo yokuphephela e-Ethiopia kuyinkambiso enzima.

Kune-Ethiopian Airlines, kepha kukhona ne-Indonesian Lion Air. Umbiko osanda kushicilelwa yi-Associated Press uhlanganisa ukuthi iqembu elinecala lapha kungenzeka kungabi yiBoeing kuphela kepha ikakhulukazi inkampani ephethe i-Star Alliance i-Ethiopian Airlines.

Inyunyana iSouthwest Airlines isanda kufaka iBoeing icala ngoMsombuluko eDallas County, eTexas, eNkantolo yesiFunda. ISouthwest Airlines Pilots Association, noma i-SWAPA, ithe amalungu ayo asayine ukundiza izindiza ezintsha ngoba iBoeing Co. ibatshele ukuthi banomoya futhi "bayafana nezindiza ezingama-737 ezihlolwe isikhathi eside abashayeli bazo bezindiza iminyaka eminingi." "Lezi zimvo bezingamanga," kusho inyunyana. Ngenxa yesisekelo, iNingizimu-ntshonalanga - ikhasimende elikhulu kunawo wonke ochungechungeni lwama-737 Max - kuye kwadingeka ukuthi ikhansele izindiza ezihleliwe ezingaphezu kuka-30,000, kwabiza abashayeli bezindiza bayo imali engaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyikhulu, kusho isimangalo.

I-Ethiopian Airlines ingenye yezindiza ezikhula ngesivinini esikhulu e-Afrika futhi kuningi ekulahlekelayo. Inkampani yezindiza isebenza njengesinye sezikhungo eziphambili zokuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza futhi ibonwa njengesibonelo sokuphepha nokuqeqesha.

Umpempe wase-Ethiopia angaba yiqhawe, kodwa futhi kuningi angakuzuza, ukukhoseliswa e-United States of America. Enye impikiswano ithi: Ku-Yeshanew oneminyaka engu-39 ubudala, isinqumo sokuba ngumshayeli wezimpimpi size ngenani elibi. Ushiya izihlobo nomsebenzi e-Ethiopian Airlines ayibize "ngephupho ngempilo yami," enodumo neholo elikhulu ngokwanele ukuthi angathenga indlu enezitezi ezintathu. Akaqiniseki ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi angaluthola e-US, noma uma ezonikezwa ukukhoseliswa.

Ufingqe isizathu esenza wakhuluma wathi: “Kumele ngiveze iqiniso, iqiniso emhlabeni ukuze inkampani yezindiza izolungiswa,” kusho yena, “ngoba ngeke iqhubeke njengalokhu eyenzayo manje.”

Nayi yonke le ndaba eshicilelwe namuhla yi-AP:

Lowo owayengunjiniyela omkhulu we-Ethiopian Airlines esitatimendeni ekhalaza ngokufaka impimpi kufayiloli nabaphathi ukuthi ophethe lo mfana ungene kumarekhodi okulungisa indiza ngeBoeing 737 Max jet ngosuku olulodwa ngemuva kokuphahlazeka kwalo nyaka, ukwephula lokho aphikisana nakho bekuyingxenye yenqubo yenkohlakalo ebandakanya ukubumbela amadokhumende, asayine ngokulungiswa okungajwayelekile futhi eshaya ngisho nalabo abaphume emgqeni.

U-Yonas Yeshanew, oshiye lesi sikhundla ehlobo futhi efuna ukukhoseliswa e-US, uthe yize kungacaci ukuthi yini, uma ngabe kukhona, kumarekhodi aguquliwe, isinqumo sokungena kuzo nhlobo lapho bekufanele ukuthi zivaliwe sikhombisa uhulumeni- Inkampani ephethe izindiza enemingcele embalwa nokuningi kokukufihla.

"Iqiniso elinesihluku lizodalulwa ... I-Ethiopian Airlines iphokophele umbono wokunweba, ukukhula, kanye nenzuzo ngokubeka engozini ukuphepha," kusho uYeshanew embikweni wakhe, awunika i-The Associated Press ngemuva kokuwuthumela ngenyanga edlule e-US Federal Aviation. Ukuphatha kanye nezinye izinhlaka zokuphepha emoyeni.

Ukugxeka kuka-Yeshanew ngemikhuba yokulondolozwa kwamaTopiya, esekelwa abanye abasebenzi abakade bekhuluma ne-AP, kumenza abe yizwi lakamuva elinxusa abaphenyi ukuthi babhekisise izinto ezingaba khona emphakathini weSaga kaMax futhi bangagcini nje ngokugxila ohlelweni olubi lwe-Boeing anti-stall system, okusolwe izingozi ezimbili ezinyangeni ezine.

Akukona ukuqondana kwezinto, wathi, ukuthi umTopiya wabona enye yezindiza zayo zakwaMax yehla lapho ezinye izindiza eziningi ezihamba ngendiza zingatholi le nhlekelele.

I-Ethiopian Airlines iveze uYeshanew njengomuntu owayenganelisekile futhi waziphika ngokusobala izinsolo zakhe, eziveza umbono oshisayo wokubonwa kwale nkampani njengenye yezinkampani eziphumelela kakhulu e-Afrika futhi njengomthombo wokuziqhenya ngezwe.

U-Yeshanew washo embikweni wakhe nasezingxoxweni zakhe ne-AP ukuthi umTopiya ukhula ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ulwela ukugcina izindiza emoyeni manje njengoba zithwala abagibeli abayizigidi eziyi-11 ngonyaka, okuphindwe kane kunalokho ebikuphethe eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, kufaka phakathi izindiza eziya eLos Angeles, IChicago, Washington neNewark, eNew Jersey. Uthe omakhenikha basebenza ngokweqile futhi bayacindezelwa ukuthi bathathe izindlela ezinqamulelayo ukuze kususwe izindiza ezisuka, kuyilapho abashayeli bezindiza bendiza ekuphumuleni okuncane futhi bengafundile ngokwanele.

Futhi wakhiqiza ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku kwe-FAA eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule okutholakele, phakathi kwezinye izinkinga eziningi, ukuthi cishe bonke omakhenikha abangama-82, abahloli nabaphathi abanamafayela abo abuyekezwa babengenazo izidingo ezincanyana zokwenza imisebenzi yabo.

U-Yeshanew wafaka ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi unxusa abaphathi abaphezulu iminyaka ukuthi bayeke umkhuba enkampanini yezindiza yokusayina imisebenzi yokulungisa nokulungisa lokho athi kwenziwa ngokungaphelele, ngokungeyikho noma cha. Uthe uqinise imizamo yakhe ngemuva kwengozi ka-Okthoba 29, 2018, yeLion Air Boeing 737 Max e-Indonesia eyabulala bonke abantu abayi-189 ababekuyo. I-imeyili eyodwa u-Yeshanew ayithumele ku-CEO uTewolde Gebremariam yamnxusa ukuba "angenelele mathupha" ukuvimba omakhenikha ekukhohliseni amarekhodi.

Lezi zicelo azinakiwe, esho. Futhi ngemuva kwengozi kaMashi 10, 2019, yokuqothuka kweTopiya iBoeing 737 Max ngaphandle kwase-Addis Ababa okwabulala bonke abantu abayi-157 ababekuyo, uYeshanew wathi kusobala ukuthi ingqondo ayikashintshi.

U-Yeshanew uthe enkulumweni yakhe ngosuku olulandelayo lwengozi, u-Chief Operating Officer wase-Ethiopia uMesfin Tasew waphumela obala wahlukumezeka ngokuthi le nkampani yezindiza ingase isolwe ngenxa yezinkinga zayo kanye "nokwephula" kwayo, futhi wayala ukuthi amarekhodi endiza kaMax ebibekelwe phansi kuhlolwe “amaphutha.”

"Sithandazela uNkulunkulu ukuthi lokhu kungakhombisi iphutha lethu," kusho uYeshanew ecaphuna i-COO esho.

Ngalo lolo suku, u-Yeshanew wathi embikweni wakhe, othile wangena ngemvume ohlelweni lokugcinwa kwamarekhodi ekhompuyutha, ikakhulukazi kumarekhodi asuka endizeni eyayichazile ngenkinga yokulawulwa kwendiza - "umqulu ongakwesokudla" - ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza babike abathathu izinyanga ezedlule. U-Yeshanew ufake embikweni wakhe isithombe-skrini semibhalo egciniwe ehlobene nenkinga ekhombisa ukungena kokugcina okunesitembu sesikhathi ngoMashi 11.

U-Yeshanew uthe akazi ukuthi yini ebikumarekhodi phambilini noma uma eguquliwe, kuphela ukuthi amarekhodi ashiywe esho ukuthi izivivinyo sezenziwe futhi inkinga isixazululiwe. Ngenkathi engabaza ukuthi inkinga yokulawulwa kwendiza yehlise indiza phansi, wathi noma yiluphi ushintsho emarekhodini luzongabaza isimo sangempela sendiza ngesikhathi sengozi kanjalo nobuqotho bendiza iyonke.

Ochwepheshe bezindiza bathi ngemuva kokuphahlazeka, amarekhodi okulungisa - ikakhulukazi, ama-logbook kanye namakhadi wemisebenzi aqukethe amanothi abashayeli bezindiza nokulungiswa kwemishini - adingeka kubalawuli bamazwe omhlaba ukuphepha komoya ukuthi bavalwe ngokushesha, futhi noma yimuphi umzamo wokuzisebenzisa kuwukwephula okukhulu okufana nalokho ukunyathela indawo yobugebengu.

"Uma kukhona izinsolo zokuthi ungene kumarekhodi, kusho ukuthi kukhona okufihlayo, unokuthile okukufihlayo," kusho uJohn Goglia, owayeyilungu le-US National Transportation Safety Board futhi ongungoti ekunakekelweni kwezindiza.

Ekuphenduleni kwakhe i-AP, umTopiya wenqabe umlando wokuphazanyiswa nokunakekelwa okungenamsoco futhi waphika i-COO yayo noma omunye umuntu wayala umuntu ukuthi ashintshe amarekhodi esondlo ku-737 Max obekiwe. Lithe uma nje kwenzeka le ngozi, leyo mibhalo yavalwa, yagcinwa endaweni ephephile yathunyelwa e-Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau yase-Ethiopia. Wanezela ukuthi ngenkathi "uchwepheshe ezama ukubona amarekhodi endiza," ukubuyekezwa kwayo akutholanga idatha eguquliwe noma evuselelwe.

I-Ethiopia iyinkampani enkulu yezindiza e-Afrika, inenzuzo futhi ingenye yezimbalwa ezwekazini eziphumelele izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuvumela izindiza zazo ukuba zindizele eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ezinerekhodi elihle lokuphepha.

Le nkampani ikuqinisekisile ukuthi u-Yeshanew ubengumqondisi wezobunjiniyela nokuhlela izindiza kodwa wathi wehliswe esikhundleni ngenxa "yobuthakathaka obukhulu ebuholini, ekuziphatheni nasekuthembekeni."

"Ungumuntu owayenganelisekile futhi waqamba amanga ngamanga nge-Ethiopian Airlines, ngokwengxenye ukuze aziphindiselele ekwehlisweni kwakhe ngenkathi esebenza e-Ethopian, futhi mhlawumbe ukuze enze icala lokuthola ukukhoseliswa e-USA," kusho inkampani yezindiza nge-imeyili. I-AP. "Sithanda ukuqinisekisa futhi ukuthi zonke izinsolo zakhe zingamanga futhi azinasisekelo."

U-Yeshanew nommeli wakhe, u-Darryl Levitt, bathe akakaze ehliswe esikhundleni futhi, empeleni, ukukhuphuka kwakhe ezingeni leminyaka engu-12 e-Ethiopia kwaqhubeka ngisho nakulo nyaka lapho athontshelwa ukwengamela ibhizinisi elisha elenza izingxenye zezindiza futhi uphenye abashayeli bezindiza ababili abafike e-Uganda futhi bacishe bashibilika eLake Victoria. U-Yeshanew uthe izincomo zakhe ngemuva kwalesi sigameko - bambalwa abashayeli bezindiza abangenalwazi kuma-cockpit nokuqeqeshwa okungcono - azizange zinakwe.

U-Yeshanew uphinde wanamathisela ama-imeyili angaphakathi kulo mbiko wokuthi uphikisana nokukhombisa amaphepha nokulungiswa okungalungile, kanye nophenyo oluvela kubanikezeli bezingxenye ezikhomba amaphutha afanayo, kufaka phakathi lawo aholela emafasiteleni amabili e-cockpit aphuka endizeni, umshini wokuqothula umlilo, nokulahleka noma Amabhawodi angalungile kuzinzwa zokhiye.

"Ngabona mathupha ukuthi ama-task card amaningi asayinwa ngaphandle kokwenza okulotshwe emyalelweni," u-Yeshanew ubhalele u-COO Tasew ngo-2017. "Ukwephulwa komthetho okunjalo kungaholela odabeni olubucayi lwezokuphepha."

Abanye baye basho okufanayo. Ku-2015, isisebenzi esingaziwa satshela i-hotline yezokuphepha ye-FAA ukuthi omakhenikha bavame ukusula izindiza ezisuka nezinkinga zemishini "ezingasonjululwanga". Akukacaci ukuthi ngabe isikhalazo siholele kunoma yisiphi isenzo esenziwe yi-FAA noma yinkampani yezindiza.

Abanye abathathu ababengabasebenzi baseTopiya benza izinsolo ezinjalo ku-AP, kufaka phakathi noyedwa owanikeza amadokhumende athi akhombisa amaphutha okulungiswa okungalungile namaphepha okwenzeka eminyakeni eyedlule, kanti omunye owathi omakhenikha babona sengathi akukho abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuthi “bayishaye ngepensela” ukusayina ngokulungiswa okungakaze kwenziwe.

"Bangaqamba amanga ngakho," kusho uFranz Rasmussen, owahamba ngendiza iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokushiya ngo-2016. "Kwakukhona ifilosofi: Awukwazi ukugibela indiza - kuhamba, hamba, hamba."

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Phakathi kwezinsolo ezisembikweni kaYeshanew ngukuthi umTopiya ugcina isikhungo esifana nejele ngezizathu zekomkhulu laso e-Addis Ababa esasisebenzisa ukubabuza, ukusabisa kwesinye isikhathi nokushaya abasebenzi abaphuma emgqeni. U-Yeshanew uthe uyazi okungenani omakhenikha ababili abashaywa eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule ngemuva kokungathandwa yile nkampani, futhi wesaba ukuthi nabo babezolindelwa.

U-Yeshanew uthe kulo mbiko futhi ngemuva kwezingxoxo no-AP wathathwa wayiswa esikhungweni sokugcina esinezitezi esisodwa, esinothuli ngoJulayi ngoba esolwa ukuthi ukhuluma nezinhlangano zezindaba, kwathi ngemuva kwamahora ayishumi ebuzwa watshelwa ukuthi uzophonswa ejele. “Njengabo bonke abanye abantu” ngaphambi kwakhe uma engathuli. Uthathe lokho njengosongo lokuhlukunyezwa.

"Uma usejele, kusho ukuthi uzoshaywa, uzohlukunyezwa," etshela i-AP. "Akukho mehluko ohlelweni lwamanje lwezepolitiki lwase-Ethiopia."

Ezinsukwini ezine kamuva, u-Yeshanew wabalekela e-US nalo mkakhe nezingane ezimbili bahlala endaweni yase Seattle.

Owayekhulumela inyunyana yamabhanoyi, uBekele Dumecha, utshele i-AP ukuthi uhlangane nabasebenzi abangaphezu kweshumi eminyakeni engaphezu kweyisithupha abashaywe endaweni efanayo yokuboshwa, kubalwa nesinye sezisulu ezisolwa nguYeshanew. UDumecha uthe wabona lowo muntu ngemuva kwehora ekhululiwe, elimele futhi ediyazela.

“Ubengakwazi ukuhamba kahle,” kusho uDumecha, osehlala eMinnesota futhi ofuna ukukhoseliswa. "Walimala ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba."

I-Human Rights Watch yathi ngo-Ephreli ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa emajele "nasezikhungweni zokuvalela ezingamakiwe" sekuyisikhathi eside kube "yinkinga enkulu futhi engabikwa kakhulu" e-Ethiopia, futhi owayengumcwaningi wayo lapho wathi waxoxisana naye mathupha abasebenzi bezindiza abathi bashushiswa yi uhulumeni, okuyiminyaka emithathu edlule.

"Konke lokhu bekumele kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe senkampani kanye nezwe ligcinwa limi kahle," kusho umcwaningi we-HRW uFelix Horne. "Abantu abaningi abebezama ukukhuluma ngokumelene nezinkampani ezilawulwa nguhulumeni baphonswa ejele bashaywa."

Esitatimendeni sayo, i-Ethiopian Airlines ikuphikile ukuthi kukhona indawo yokuboshwa yokuhlushwa futhi yanikela ngokukhombisa intatheli ye-AP emagcekeni. Kepha ngemuva kokuthi i-AP ifune ukuvakasha okunjalo kuleli sonto eledlule, izikhulu zase-Ethiopia zithe kuzothatha amasonto ambalwa ukuhlela.

Izinsolo zikaYeshanew yizona zakamuva zokukhanyisa ezinye izinto ngaphandle kwalokhu osekuyiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ophenyweni lokuphahlazeka kukaMax - uhlelo olukwibhanoyi olubizwa ngeMCAS, lweManeuvering Characteristics Augmentation System, oludiliza ngokuzenzakalela ikhala lendiza uma lise ingozi yokuma.

Imibiko yokuqala ikhombisa ukuthi yonakele kuzo zombili izingozi ezibulalayo, nabashayeli bezindiza behluleka ukulawula izindiza ngesikhathi belwa nazo. Izilawuli zibeke phansi izindiza ezingama-400 737 Max ngenkathi iBoeing izama ukulungisa le nkinga.

Omunye umpempe ovela e-Ethiopia, umakadebona ongumshayeli wendiza uBernd Kai von Hoesslin, utshele i-AP ngoMeyi ukuthi ngemuva kwengozi ye-Lion Air yase-Indonesia, wanxusa abaphathi abaphezulu base-Ethiopia ukuthi banikeze abashayeli bezindiza ukuqeqeshwa okungcono nge-Max, ebikezela ukuthi uma abashayeli bezindiza bengashayi ngokwanele kwizivumelwano ze-Boeing sendlela yokukhubaza uhlelo lokuzenzakalela uma kwenzeka kuqubuka umlilo, "kuzoba ukuphahlazeka impela."

UmTopiya uthe abashayeli bezindiza balandele zonke izinyathelo ezibekwe iBoeing. Kepha umbiko wokuqala wale ngozi ukhombisile ukuthi baphambukile ezinkombisweni futhi benza amanye amaphutha, ikakhulukazi ukundiza indiza ngejubane elingajwayelekile futhi kusebenze ngendlela engaqondakali uhlelo lokulwa netafula ngemuva nje kokulichitha ngesandla. Emizuzwini eyisithupha indiza yakwaMax, indiza eyayinabagibeli abavela emazweni acishe abe yishumi yangena emhlabathini cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza.

Phambilini namuhla i-Ethiopian Airlines ithe yayishintshela ku-Airbus ngemuva kwengozi ye-B737 Max.

Mayelana umbhali

I-avatar ka-Juergen T Steinmetz

UJuergen T Steinmetz

UJuergen Thomas Steinmetz ubelokhu esebenza ngokuqhubekayo embonini yezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha kusukela esemusha eJalimane (1977).
Wasungula eTurboNews ngo-1999 njengencwajana yokuqala ye-inthanethi embonini yezokuvakasha yezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele.

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