Abantu baseMelika Bazizwa Kanjani Manje Ngenkululeko Yokukhuluma?

Ngokugubha unyaka owodwa wokuvukela umbuso wase-US Capitol, ucwaningo olusha lunikeza imininingwane engakaze ibonwe yokuthi abantu baseMelika bawabona futhi bahlangabezane kanjani namalungelo abo Okuchibiyelwa Kokuqala. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe bonke abantu baseMelika bayakubona ukubaluleka kokukhuluma ngokukhululeka kuntando yeningi enempilo nokuthi iningi linomuzwa wokuthi Isichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela abantu abafana nabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ucwaningo luveza lapho abantu baseMelika bengavumelani khona ezindabeni zokukhuluma ngokukhululeka emphakathini wangemva kuka-2020.

Okutholakele kusekelwe ocwaningweni olumele izwe lonke lwabantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-4,000 olwaqhutshwa inkampani yokucwaninga imibono yomphakathi i-Ipsos. Umbiko - "I-Free Expression in America Post-2020," ingxenye ye-Knight Free Expression (KFX) Research Series - imele ukubalwa okuphelele kwemibono yomphakathi mayelana nokukhuluma ngokukhululeka okutholakala namuhla. Yakha phezu kwephothifoliyo yeminyaka engu-18 ye-Knight Foundation yocwaningo oluhlola ukubukwa kwabafundi ngenkululeko yokukhuluma nokukhuluma.

Ngokungeziwe ekudaluleni isivumelwano esisabalele ngezimiso zokukhuluma ngokukhululeka, ucwaningo lubonisa lapho imibono yabantu baseMelika ihlukana khona - ikakhulukazi uma iphathelene nemibono yezenzakalo zezindaba eziphezulu ezifana nokuvukela umbuso kwangoJanuwari 6, imibhikisho yobulungiswa bezinhlanga eyakhukhula izwe lonke. ehlobo lika-2020 kanye nokusabalala kwemininingwane engamanga ye-COVID-19.

Sekukonke, ucwaningo luveza ukuthi iningi labantu baseMelika libeka inani eliphakeme ezimisweni zokukhuluma ngokukhululeka:

• Abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwesishiyagalolunye kwabayi-10 (91%) bayavuma ukuthi “ukuvikela inkulumo ekhululekile kuyingxenye ebalulekile yentando yeningi yaseMelika.”

• Ngokufanayo, abantu baseMelika abangamaphesenti angu-90 bayavuma ukuthi “abantu kufanele bavunyelwe ukuba baveze imibono engathandeki.”

• Iningi elibalulekile likholelwa ukuthi “amalungelo enkululeko yokukhuluma asiza ukuthi kuzwakale abantu abebenganakiwe” (86%) nokuthi “ukuba nemibono ehlukene, okuhlanganisa naleyo 'mibi' noma ecasulayo kwabanye, kukhuthaza inkulumompikiswano enempilo emphakathini” (77%).

Naphezu kwalesi sivumelwano esisabalele, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi baseMelika bakhathazekile ngesimo sokukhuluma ngokukhululeka emphakathini namuhla. Ngaphansi kwesigamu sabantu baseMelika (45%) bakholelwa ukuthi inkulumo yamahhala ivikelekile. Ama-Democrats (61%) anamathuba aphindwe kabili kunamaRiphabhulikhi (28%) okukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo okukhuluma avikelekile, kanti abazimele bahlala phakathi nendawo ku-43%.

Uma bengavumelani ezindabeni zeSichibiyelo Sokuqala, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu baseMelika Kwesichibiyelo Sokuqala kuyahluka ngokuhlanganyela kweqembu nangohlanga:

• Abantu baseMelika bakholelwa kakhulu ekutheni ukungena e-Capitol ukuze kuphazamiseke ukunikezwa isitifiketi kokhetho lwango-2020 bekungeyona indlela esemthethweni yokubonisa amalungelo e-First Amendment. Bangama-22% nje abantu baseMelika abavumile ukuthi lo msebenzi usemthethweni, kanti amaRiphabhulikhi (33%) maningi amathuba okuba abe nalo mbono kunabantu abazimele (23%) noma amaDemocrats (12%).

• Iningi labantu baseMelika (73%) likholelwa ukuthi abantu ababamba iqhaza emibhikishweni yokungabi nabulungiswa kwezinhlanga ehlobo lika-2020 bebezwakalisa ngokusemthethweni amalungelo abo eSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Iningi lamaRiphabhulikhi (56%) liyavumelana, nakuba lelo sabelo lincane kakhulu kunabazimele (75%) noma amaDemocrats (85%).

• Abantu baseMelika abangamaphesenti angu-30 bakholelwa ukuthi ukusabalalisa ulwazi olungelona iqiniso ngomuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 kuwukubonakaliswa okusemthethweni kwamalungelo Okuchibiyelwa Kokuqala. Kepha phakathi kwamaRiphabhlikhi, lelo nani likhuphukela ku-44%, futhi lehla laya ku-20% phakathi kwamaDemocrat. Abazimele basondele ku-avareji ku-29%.

• Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amanye amaqembu anesikhathi esilula sokusebenzisa amalungelo awo akhululekile okukhuluma ngaphandle kwemiphumela kunawo. Isibonelo, ama-Democrats abona ama-Conservatives anesikhathi esilula, kuyilapho ama-Republican akholelwa ukuthi amaqembu amancane, njengabantu abamnyama, ama-Hispanic, ama-Asian, noma ama-LGBTQ, anesikhathi esilula kunabantu abamhlophe, ama-Conservatives, noma abantu abafana nabo.

• Nakuba bebonke u-84% wabantu baseMelika bezwa ukuthi Isichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela abantu abafana nabo, bangama-61% kuphela abantu abamnyama baseMelika abazizwa ngale ndlela.

Sekuhlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​lokhu okutholakele kusikisela isizwe esicishe sibe munye enkolelweni yokuthi inkululeko yokukhuluma iwumgogodla wentando yeningi yaseMelika kodwa ehlukene ngezindlela okufanele kusetshenziswe imigomo yenkululeko yokukhuluma futhi ivikelwe ekhulwini lama-21.

"Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela kokubili okufanayo kanye nokungaboni ngasolinye emphakathini waseMelika kulandela u-2020, unyaka wemicimbi emikhulu enenkululeko yokukhuluma," kusho u-Alberto Ibargüen, umongameli we-Knight Foundation. “I-Knight ihlola inkululeko yokukhuluma ngoba ibalulekile ekwakheni imiphakathi eqinile nentando yeningi enempilo. Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi nakuba abantu baseMelika babelana futhi belazisa ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokuziveza, ngezinye izikhathi asivumelani ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokukhuluma ezisemthethweni emphakathini wedijithali we-24/7. "

Uchungechunge Lokucwaninga lwe-KFX luhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ukusiza othisha, abenzi bezinqubomgomo nezinkampani ezizimele baqonde ukuthi imibono yabantu baseMelika ngezimiso zokukhuluma ngokukhululeka ishintsha kanjani enkathini yoshintsho olukhulu lwezenhlalo nelokubalwa kwabantu. Njengesisekelo esinezimpande eziqinile kubuntatheli bendawo, inkululeko yokukhuluma nenkululeko yabezindaba iwumgogodla wenjongo ka-Knight yokukhuthaza imiphakathi enolwazi nebandakanyekayo.

“Imibono yaseMelika mayelana nenkulumo ayifani, kodwa isekelwe ezizindeni zethu ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu,” kusho u-Evette Alexander, umqondisi we-Knight of Learning and Impact. "Ukwembula amaphuzu ezinto ezifanayo nokungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwamaqembu ezepolitiki nezinhlanga ezahlukene kungasiza ekwakheni futhi kwazise inkhulumomphendvulwano ngalezi zinkinga ezibalulekile."