Kungani ukuqalisa kabusha ezokuvakasha kungaba yisinyathelo sokugcina kuphela ngemuva kokubuyisa umnotho?

Kungani ukuqalisa kabusha ezokuvakasha kungaba yisinyathelo sokugcina kuphela ngemuva kokubuyisa umnotho?
ucwaningo
I-avatar ka-Juergen T Steinmetz

Ucwaningo Oluphelele ezinyathelweni ezi-4 ezilandelayo zokuthi ungayihlula kanjani i-COVID-19 uphinde uqalise kabusha umnotho wakho - The Hawaii Model

Ekwabelaneni ngalokhu ibhukwana lesinyathelo ngesinyathelo lokuthi ungahlula kanjani i-COVID-19 nomhlahlandlela wokuthi kanjani ukuqala kabusha komkhakha wezivakashi eHawaii kungabonakala njenge- phumlanit yezindawo eziningi emhlabeni.

Lo mbiko uhambisana ngqo neHawaii kepha izindawo eziningi namazwe amaningi, ikakhulukazi amazwe asesiqhingini kufanele anake kakhulu.

Ucwaningo nombiko kukhishwe yi-Economic Research Organisation eNyuvesi yaseHawaii.

Lo mbiko wenziwa ngokubambisana ne-East-West Centre washicilela umbiko nocwaningo kanye ne-step-step blue-plan yokuthi ungalihlula kanjani leli gciwane bese uqala kabusha umnotho. Ukuqala kabusha kweMboni Yezokuvakasha Nezokuvakasha, ukungenisa izihambi nezindiza kuzoba isinyathelo sokugcina.

Ungawulawula kanjani uMqedazwe WaseCoronavirus WaseHawaii futhi Ubuyise Umnotho

Emqulwini wethu wokuqala wenqubomgomo kusukela ngoMashi 25, 2020 sidwebe uhlelo olungase lube khona lokulawula inoveli coronavirus eHawaii. Uhlelo lusekelwe ngokukhululekile ezimpendulweni eziyimpumelelo kuze kube manje ezindaweni ezifana ne-Singapore, Hong Kong, ne-Taiwan futhi lucabangela isimo samanje sobhubhane e-Hawaii kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwethu okuyingqayizivele kwendawo.

Inezinyathelo ezine:

1) Qeda ukungena kwezifo ezintsha
2) Kunciphisa ngokushesha ukusabalala kwalo bhubhane kubantu bendawo;
3) Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwalabo abanezimpawu nasengozini ephakeme, ulandelele ngokuxhumana oxhumana nabo bawo wonke amacala, bese uhlukanisa labo abadaluliwe noma abanesifo; futhi
I-4) Ngokuya ngokuqapha okusebenzayo kokuhlolwa okwenziwe, setha izimbangela zokuphinda unikeze ama-oda wokukhosela lapho ubhadane luvuka khona.

 Izinhloso zethu ezinkulu kulo mbiko ukubukeza ukuthi umbuso uzisebenzise kanjani izinyathelo zoku-1 no-2 nokuqinisa izinyathelo ezi-3 no-4 ngokugcwele. Sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa okwandisiwe, ukulandelelwa komlando okuphelele, nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu abadaluliwe nabangenwe yigciwane kungaholela ekwehliseni okusheshayo kwezifo ezintsha nasezibhedlela. Uma nje lolu hlelo selubekiwe futhi lusebenze ngempumelelo amasonto ambalwa, singaqala ukubheka imigomo eminingana elinganisekayo — inani lokutheleleka okusha, isibalo sokulaliswa okusha esibhedlela, amandla ohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukwelapha abantu abasanda kutheleleka noma abadaluliwe - lokho kuzokwenza ukuthi uMbusi u-Ige akhulule kancane i-oda lakhe lokuhlala ekhaya nokuthi abantu baphumule kancane kancane imingcele ethile yokuqedwa komphakathi. 

I-HAWAII SEKUTHATHE IZINYATHELO EZIMBILI EZIKHULU 

 IHawaii inezimo ezintathu ezenza kube lula ukusebenza ngempumelelo kohlelo lokulawulwa kwe-coronavirus: Ukuhlukaniswa kwethu ngokwendawo (amamayela angu-2,300 ukuya e-US West Coast), inani lethu elincane (abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.4), kanye nezinombolo ezincane kakhulu zohulumeni (izifunda ezi-4 nohulumeni o-1 wezwe esifundazweni. Lezi zimo zinciphisa izindleko futhi zikhuphula izinzuzo ekusondelaneni phakathi kohulumeni, izinhlangano ezizimele, abantu ngabanye, kanye nemindeni ukulawula ubhadane nokunciphisa ukulimala komnotho. Ngabe ohulumeni nezinhlangano zaseHawaii bathathe izinyathelo zokusebenzisa lezi zimo ukuze kusizakale iHawaii? 

Isinyathelo sokuqala

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekusebenziseni uhlelo olusebenzayo lokulawula i-coronavirus eHawaii bekungavimbela ukuhamba phakathi kweHawaii nezindawo zaphesheya kwezilwandle naphakathi kweziqhingi zaseHawaii. Lokhu kufezwe kakhulu. Ukufika kwabagibeli ezindizeni zomhlaba kwaqala ukwehla kakhulu ngoMashi 1 ngenkathi abafika ezindizeni zasekhaya bengaqalanga ukwehla kwabo kwaze kwaba ngoMashi 13. NgoMashi 22/23, abafikayo bamazwe nabasekhaya base bewile ngamaphesenti angama-80-90. Njengoba abahlali beya ngokuya bazi ukuthi abantu abaningi abahlola ukuthi bane-coronavirus bathelelekile ngenkathi besohambweni lwaphesheya kwezilwandle / ezwekazini, ingcindezi yakhula yokuthi uhulumeni wezwe avimbe lolu hambo ngokuqinile. Ngomhla ka-23 Mashi 2020, uMbusi u-Ige wanikeza isibopho sokuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku eziyi-14 kuzo zonke izivakashi ezingenayo nezakhamuzi ezibuyayo ezivela ezweni laseMelika nakwamanye amazwe. Ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa (Mashi 30), uMbusi u-Ige wabeka isibopho sokuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku eziyi-14 cishe kubo bonke abahambi be-interisland, kufaka phakathi abahlali baseHawaii, okwaqala ngo-Ephreli 1. Ukuhlukaniswa okwenziwa phakathi kwezwe kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani lezindiza zansuku zonke nokuqeda konke ukuhamba okubalulekile kwamaphakathi nezwe. Kokubili ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zokuvakasha kubhekwe ukuthi kuhlale kuze kube ngu-Ephreli 30. Ngeke kumangaze ukubona ukuhlukaniswa kwezilwandle phesheya kwezilwandle kunwetshelwa ngoMeyi ngenxa yokuthi izindawo eziningi lapho iHawaii ithola khona izivakashi akunakwenzeka ukuthi zibe zilawulwa imishayabhuqe yazo ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.

Ukuvalelwa wedwa ezindaweni zokuhambela phesheya kwezilwandle kanye nezwekazi kube nomthelela ekwehleni okwengeziwe kokufika kwezokuvakasha nsuku zonke ezikhumulweni zezindiza zaseHawaii, kusuka kubantu ababalelwa ku-2,000 25 ngoMashi 121 kuya kubantu abayi-30 kuphela ngoMashi 14. Kodwa-ke, ngisho naleli zinga lokufika libeka umthwalo owengeziwe kubasebenzi bezempilo bomphakathi nezinsizakusebenza kuhulumeni nasezifundeni, okuholele ekutheni iMeya yaseHonolulu uCaldwell icele uMongameli Trump ukuba avimbele konke ukuhamba okungabalulekile ukuya eHawaii. Silindele ukuthi inani labafikayo linciphe kakhulu njengoba izivakashi ezingaba khona eziningi zazi ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku eziyi-XNUMX, imikhawulo yokuhlala ekhaya esebenza ezivakashini ngemuva kwesikhathi sabo sokuhlukaniswa, ukuvalwa cishe kwazo zonke izindawo zokuvakasha zangaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi isheduli yansuku zonke encipha ngokushesha yezindiza eziya naseziQhingini. 

Umbuso uthathe izinyathelo eziningi zokuqapha nokuphoqelela ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa okukhulu, izindlela zokuqapha nezokuphoqelelwa zingaqiniswa. Imizamo yamanje isivele ihlukumeza amandla ethu ezempilo omphakathi akhona okuqapha nokutholwa kokuthintana futhi kungaba yisikhathi sokuqala izingxoxo ezibucayi zokusebenzisa izindlela ze-elekthronikhi zokuqapha ukuthotshelwa kanye nokuqaliswa kokuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalo. Ukufika okusha kungabhekwa ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa ngamasongo ezokwelapha e-elekthronikhi, njengoba manje kwenziwa eHong Kong, izinhlelo zokusebenza zefoni zingabheka indawo yazo nokuhlukaniswa nezinye izivakashi nabahlali, noma uhlelo olwandisiwe loMnyango Wezempilo lungabuza ngendawo yabo ukuzihlukanisa. Ukumemezela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku ezingu-14 zaseHawaii ezindaweni eziqhubeka nokuthumela izivakashi eHawaii kuyindlela uma ukugeleza okubalulekile kwezokuvakasha kuqhubeka kusuka emadolobheni / emazweni athile. Enye indlela yokwenqabela ukuvimbela ukuhamba ngokuzikhethela ukuthi umbuso ucele ukuthi izinkampani zezindiza nezama-ejensi wokubhuka ezokuvakasha kanye namawebhusayithi azise bonke abahambi abangaba khona ngokuhlukaniswa kombuso kanye ne-interisland ngaphambi kokuba abahambi babhukhe izindlela zabo. 

Ukunciphisa uhambo oluya emazingeni aphansi kakhulu kubalulekile ekulawuleni lolu bhubhane ngoba kuvumela wonke amaqembu aseHawaii — ohulumeni, izinhlangano, abantu, kanye nemindeni — ukuthi bagxile ekulawuleni ukudluliswa komphakathi. Ukulandelelwa kwamacala aseHawaii kukhombisa ukuthi ukudluliswa komphakathi kube ngumthombo wamacala ayi-12% wamacala ayi-186 ahlukaniswa njengokuhamba noma umphakathi otholwe ngoMashi 31, kepha amanye ama-26% alawa macala yizakhamizi lapho umthombo wazo wokuvezwa ungaziwa. Ukudluliselwa komphakathi ngokusobala kuyaqhubeka eziqhingini. Ukuvalelwa wedwa ohambweni lwe-interisland kufanele kunciphise kakhulu amathuba okuthi izihambi ezivela eziqhingini ezinamaphesenti amakhulu ezakhamizi ezinegciwane zizoletha igciwane eziqhingini ezinamaphesenti amancane abahlali abangenwe yilesi sifo. Imikhawulo ekuhambeni kwe-interisland nayo ibalulekile njengoba ivumela ohulumeni bezwe nabesifunda ukuthi babeke (futhi baphumule) imikhawulo ehambelana nesimo sobhubhane esiqhingini ngasinye. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi uhulumeni angayekisa imiyalo yakhe yokuhlala ekhaya neyokuxhumana nabantu ngokushesha eziqhingini ezinamacala ambalwa kumuntu ngamunye futhi afaka izindlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo nokulandela umkhondo okuqinile. 

Isinyathelo Sesibili

Isinyathelo sesibili ekusebenziseni uhlelo olusebenzayo lokulawula i-coronavirus eHawaii bekungelokuthi izimeya zesifunda kanye nombusi ba-oda bonke abahlali nezivakashi ukuthi bahlale ekhaya futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuqhelana nomphakathi lapho besezindaweni zomphakathi. Izinyathelo ezinjalo, uma zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo, zingakunciphisa kakhulu ukudluliswa komphakathi. Phakathi kuka Mashi 4 no Mashi 25, abaphathi besodolobha abane babeke imiyalo eyahlukahlukene enqandayo nezincomo zokuzithandela ezahlukahluka kakhulu ezifundeni ezine. Ngo-Mashi 25, 2020, uMbusi u-Ige wathutha wenza ukuthi kube nezilinganiso ezilinganiselwe kulo lonke izwe ngokubeka umthetho ezweni lonke wokuhlala ekhaya nokuzibandakanya ekuqhekekeni nomphakathi. Izinyathelo zaqalwa ukusiza ukufeza izinhloso ezimbili: (1) ukunciphisa ukudluliswa kwegciwane phakathi kwabantu kanye (2) ukwehlisa umthwalo kubahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo koMbuso okungavela uma kuzoba nokuqubuka okukhulu kwabantu abagula kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa kakhulu. 

I-oda lokuhlala ekhaya lombusi lamukelwa kahle izakhamizi eziningi zombuso nezivakashi kepha lashaywa indiva ngoMashi 28 ngamaqembu amaningi emindeni nabangane abahlangana emizini yabantu ukujabulela isimo sezulu esihle ngoMashi 28 nangeqembu elikhulu kakhulu abahlangane eWaianae, e-Oahu bezobuka imidlalo yokulwa kwamakhongwane (Hawaii News Now, 3/28/2020). Noma kunjalo ngo-Mashi 31, imigwaqo, izindawo zomphakathi, namagceke azimele kubukeka kungasenabantu, abantu abaningi abasemisebenzini engabalulekile bahlala emakhaya futhi begcina imihlahlandlela. 

Ukwephulwa kokuqedwa komphakathi kuye kwabonwa nasezitolo zokudla nasemigqeni engaphandle kwezitolo. Olayini abade babantu babonwe ngaphandle kwezinye izitolo zokudla e-Oahu imizuzu engamashumi amathathu ngaphambi kokuvulwa. Amakhasimende aphawule ngokungabikho kwebanga lomphakathi eduze nezindawo zokuphuma. Ezomnotho zokuziphatha zisifundisa ukuthi "izingcikicane ezincane" zingaholela ezinguquko ezinkulu ekuziphatheni kwabathengi. Ukubeka nje amamaki amamitha ayisithupha phansi eduze neziteshi zokuhlola zokudla kungakhumbuza abantu ukuthi babone ukuqhela komphakathi. Siyanxusa ukuthi la mabhizinisi athathe izinyathelo, kufaka phakathi ukugudluza okuncane, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyenzeka ukuthi amakhasimende ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesitolo akwazi ukugcina ukuqhelelana komphakathi. Ukunciphisa inani labantu esitolo, ukubeka omaka bebanga ezitolo zesitolo, nokuthatha ama-aphoyintimenti we-inthanethi wezikhathi zokungena esitolo yizo zonke izindlela ongazenza ukwenza ukuhleleka komphakathi kube nokwenzeka. Izitolo zegilosa kumele zidinge abasebenzi namakhasimende ukuthi bafake izifihla-buso ze- “do-it-yourself” ezitolo (bheka ingxoxo engezansi). Izinsizakalo zokulethwa ezinwetshiwe zama-oda aku-inthanethi kungenye indlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa ukuminyana ngaphakathi ezitolo. Umbuso waseHawaii ungabuye ucabange ukucela noma ukukhokha ezinye izitolo zokudla ukuze uhlale uvulekile amahora amade ukunciphisa imizila emide lapho kuvulwa izitolo. 

Izexwayiso ezinamandla maqondana nokuziphatha okunjalo zikhetha ukuphoqelelwa kanzima, njengoba kubalulekile ukuthi uhulumeni agcine ukwethenjwa kwezakhamizi ngesikhathi lapho izinqumo zakhe zibeka izindleko ezinkulu kangako kubantu. Kuningi okusadinga ukwenziwa ukufundisa abantu ukuthi izindlela zokuzisiza emphakathini zizuzisa kanjani uhla olubanzi lwabantu emphakathini kunokubeka izijeziso kulabo abazephulayo. Uhulumeni wesifundazwe saseHawaii kanye nezinhlangano zezempilo ezizimele kufanele bacabangele umkhankaso omkhulu wokukhangisa ukwazisa ngenzuzo yokuhlala ekhaya nasekuqhakambisweni komphakathi kokubili kumuntu owenza lezi zenzo nakwabanye emphakathini, kubandakanya asebekhulile, abasebenzi bezempilo kanye nabantu abanokuyekethisa. amasosha omzimba. Izikhangiso ezikhiqizwe ngobungcweti nezifundisayo, imiyalezo yezokuxhumana kanye nezindaba zingagqamisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukudluliswa okungenazimpawu endaweni, kwenze kucace ukuthi i-coronavirus izungeza emphakathini wethu, futhi yakhe umqondo wobumbano lomphakathi ekuvikeleni imiphakathi yethu, ikakhulukazi i-kūpuna yethu. 

Umphakathi ohlosiwe ozungeze amaqoqo amakhulu okuqubuka kwamagciwane kanye nokufa okubonwe endaweni nakwezinye izindawo kungasiza ekwehliseni inani lemibuthano ngokwephula ngokusobala imiyalo yokuhlala ekhaya neyokuxhumana nabantu. Izibonelo zokuqubuka okunjalo ziningi: amalungu omndeni angama-24 ahlolwe atholakala enempilo ngemuva komngcwabo e-Albany, eGeorgia; amalungu e-choir angama-46 atholakale etholile ngemuva kokuzijwayeza abantu abangu-60 eMount Vernon, eWashington; izivakashi ezingama-25 kwezingama-50 ezihlolwe zatholakala zinegciwane ngemuva kwedili lokuzalwa lama-40 eWestport, eConnecticut; kanye nabantu abangama-80 abahlole izinsuku ezinhle ngemuva kwengqungquthela yenkampani ye-bio-tech iBiogen eCambridge, eMassachusetts. Ukubika amaqoqo ezindawo nokuthi yini okuxhumanisa nakho kungasiza abantu ukuthi baqonde ingozi yabo nemindeni yabo. UMnyango Wezempilo waseSingapore ubika njalo amaqoqo abawakhombile. Embikweni wabo kaMashi 27, bathole amaqoqo agxile ezindaweni zokusebenza, emisebenzini yedina, ejimini, emasontweni nasezinkulisa zasenkulisa. Njengoba ukulandelwa koxhumana nabo eHawaii kukhomba amaqoqo endawo, izikhulu ze-DOH kufanele zibike izinhlobo zezindawo, isb., Izitolo ezinkulu noma amaqembu, azivelelayo ukuze abantu bathole isithombe esicacile sengozi eHawaii. Ngenxa yezizathu zomthetho, kungenzeka bangakwazi ukuqamba izindawo ezithile, kepha bangazisa umphakathi ngezigaba ezijwayelekile zezindawo lapho amaqoqo avela khona ukuvumela abantu ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela kanye ne-ohana yabo. 

Enye indlela esheshayo engathathwa ukunciphisa ukudluliswa ukukhuthaza wonke umuntu ukuthi asebenzise imaski lapho esendaweni yomphakathi. Emasontweni ambalwa edlule i-CDC ne-WHO bobabili bancome ngokumelene nomphakathi jikelele ngokusebenzisa izifihla-buso, kepha okutholakele kwakamuva ngegciwane le-COVID-19 kusenze sangabazeka lesi seluleko. ICDC njengamanje icubungula ukuholwa kwayo. Ukuhlolwa okuthe xaxa kwe-coronavirus kubantu base-Iceland kutholile ukuthi cishe kuphela ama-50% alabo abahlola ukuthi banesifo abanesifo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Okwamanje, imibiko yokuthungatha othintana nabo evela eSingapore, eJalimane naseChina ibhale ukudluliswa okuvela kubantu abangenazimpawu noma abangaphambi kwezimpawu. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lokumodela lwamaqoqo okuqubuka olwenzelwe iSingapore neTianjin, eChina lilinganise ukuthi cishe isigamu sokudluliswa kwenzeka kubantu ababengaphambi kokubonisa izimpawu.

Ngokunikezwe lokhu okutholakele, ukusetshenziswa kwama-facemasks ekwehliseni ukusabalala kwe-coronavirus emphakathini waseHawaii kubalulekile. Ngenkathi ukuqondiswa kwe-CDC ne-WHO okwedlule kuthathwe embonweni wokuvimbela ukutheleleka komuntu ongenagciwane usebenzisa imaski, sizogcina ukuthi kufanele kuthathwe embonweni wokuvikela amanye amalungu omphakathi kubantu abangenazimpawu futhi abanobumnene abanezimpawu bengazi nokuthi bathelelekile. Akukho mpikiswano mayelana nokusetshenziswa kobuso balabo abanomkhuhlane ukunciphisa ukudluliselwa kwabanye; anciphisa ukudluliswa kwamaconsi aqukethe igciwane emvelweni. Ngokufanayo, akufanele kube nempikiswano mayelana nokusetshenziswa kobuso ukuvimbela labo abane-asymptomatic noma i-pre-symptomatic coronavirus edlulisela kwabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olusha lukhombisile ukuthi kukhona nomphumela wokuvikelwa wobuso obugqokwa yilabo abangenagciwane. Yize zinganikezeli ukuvikelwa okuphelele, obekungukuphikisana nokuncoma ukusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi, zinganciphisa kakhulu amathuba omuntu okuthola noma okusabalalisa ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlangene nokuqhela komphakathi nokugeza izandla kaningi. Ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo eziningi kukhombise ubuso bokuvikela abasebenzi bezempilo kumkhuhlane nakwaSARS, enye i-coronavirus. Ngenkathi labo abasesidlangalaleni kungenzeka bangabi namathuba amancane okuzisebenzisa kahle njengezisebenzi zezempilo, kusafanele banikeze ukuvikelwa okuthile ngokunciphisa ukuvezwa kokungcola kwemvelo nge-coronavirus, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ubungozi bokutheleleka. 

Ngabe uhulumeni waseHawaii kufanele agunyaze noma ancome ngokuqinile ukugqoka imaski esidlangalaleni? Izindawo eziningi e-Asia ebeziqubuke kakhulu ngesifo seSARS ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000 besezivele zilungisiwe ngemithwalo eyanele yamaski kubasebenzi bezempilo kanye nomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukudinga abantu baseHawaii ukuthi bagqoke imaski yokuhlinza evunyiwe noma ama-N95 masks ngo-Ephreli 2020 kusobala ukuthi kuzophikisana nomkhiqizo esikhathini esifushane, njengoba ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nabanye abasebenzi ababhekene nokuchayeka nsuku zonke behlulekile ukuthola izimpahla ezanele zemaski nama-mask wokuhlinzwa. Kumele babekwe phambili ngokusobala ukuthola izifihla-buso abazidingayo njengoba ubungozi babo bukhulu kakhulu. Ososayensi abaningi bathi ngisho namaski ayisisekelo e-DIY ahlanganiswe kusuka ezikibheni ezisikiwe angasebenza ekwehliseni ukudluliswa nama-templates akhona ku-inthanethi ngokuzenza. Ngakho-ke, ukuncoma ngokuqinile noma ukufuna umphakathi ukuthi ugqoke izifihla-buso ze-DIY kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukunikezwa okukhulu kwamafektha ejwayelekile kungazuzisa namuhla ngenkathi obuso bokuhlinza buntuleka. Imihlahlandlela evela ku-CDC echaza ukuthi yini eyenza imaskhi ye-DIY ephumelelayo ingaba wusizo ezindlini zokuthuthwa kwendle nakubathengi be-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, ukuthumela imiyalezo esidlangalaleni ngokusetshenziswa kwamamaski, kungaba yi-DIY noma ukuhlinzwa, kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela - kufanele kugcizelele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesifihla-buso kungeze ekuzihlukaniseni, ekuhlukaneni nomphakathi nasekugezeni izandla kaningi, hhayi esikhundleni sabo. Umphumela ohlangene walezi zinyathelo ezihlanganisiwe kufanele ucindezele ukudluliswa komphakathi kusondele ku-zero. 

Ngabe ukwehlukaniswa komphakathi kube nempumelelo ekwehliseni ukudluliswa komphakathi eziwubhadane olwedlule e-United States? Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi kwasindisa izimpilo emadolobheni ase-US ngesikhathi somqedazwe we-Spanish Flu ka-1918. Izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuqedwa komphakathi zifaka phakathi ukuvinjelwa emibuthanweni yomphakathi, ukuhlala wedwa nokuhlukaniswa, nokuvalwa kwezikole. Izithombe ezisuka emadolobheni amakhulu ase-US ngo-Fall 1918 zikhombisa izixuku zabantu abagqoke izifihla-meso ngenkathi besesidlangalaleni. Ucwaningo olubili olucophelelayo luthole ukuthi ukwehlukaniswa kwezenhlalo kuphumelela kakhulu ekusindiseni izimpilo ngenkathi amadolobha ase-US ewethula ekuqaleni komqedazwe wango-1918 futhi awuzange awususe maduzane (UBootsma noFerguson, 2007; UMarkel et al., 2007). Okubaluleke kakhulu, ucwaningo olusha (lokuqala) luthola ukuthi amadolobha ase-US angenise izindlela zokuphambana nomphakathi phambilini nangolaka akagcinanga ngokufa okuncane ngesikhathi sobhadane kepha futhi abe nokukhula komnotho okuqinile ngemuva kwalobhadane (I-Correia, 2020). 

Ngabe ukwehlukaniswa kwezenhlalo kube ngempumelelo eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva ekwehliseni ukudluliswa komphakathi kwe-coronavirus? ISan Francisco Bay Area neKing County eWashington bathathe ezinye zezinyathelo zokuqala ezinolaka kakhulu kwezenhlalo. Umphumela? Amacala amasha abewela ngokushesha. Okwe-United States ngokuphelele, ubufakazi bokuqala obubaluleke kakhulu buvela kuhlelo lokusebenza olwenziwe yinkampani yezobuchwepheshe yase-US, iKinsa. IKinsa ikhiqiza ama-thermometer e- "hi-tech" athumela imininingwane yokushisa komuntu kuhlelo lokusebenza oluhlanganisa ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa yizifunda ezise-United States. (Ngeshwa, iHawaii ayifakiwe kumamephu weKinsa fever.) Imephu yomkhuhlane kaKinsa ikhombisa ukuthi “amaqoqo emfiva” abelokhu encipha e-United States emasontweni amabili edlule ngoMashi, ukuncipha okukhulu kugxile ezindaweni ezithathe izinyathelo zokuqhela komphakathi. kusukela maphakathi no-Mashi (https: // www. kinsahealth.co). Ukuqhamuka komkhuhlane omkhulu kutholakala eFlorida, esinye sezifundazwe ezinkulu zokugcina ukwamukela i-oda lokuhlala ekhaya.

Isinyathelo Sesithathu

Isinyathelo sesithathu ukulawula ubhadane lwe-coronavirus kuyinselelo enkulu kakhulu futhi ngenhlanhla isivele iyaqhubeka. Isinyathelo sesithathu ukuthi uhulumeni wezwe laseHawaii kanye nezinhlangano zezempilo ezizimele zandise ukutholakala kokuhlolwa esifundeni ngasinye kulezi ezine; jwayela ukuhlola bonke abantu abanezimpawu zokuphefumula noma imfiva ye-coronavirus; ukuze uMnyango WezeMpilo WaseHawaii ulandelele ngokuqinile othintana nabo bonke abatholakala bengenwe yi-coronavirus; futhi uphoqelele ukuhlukaniswa nabantu futhi uhlele noma unakekele abantu abagulayo nabavezwe obala kuze kube yilapho isifo sesiqhubekile. 

Ukunweba nokuHlela Ukuhlolwa eHawaii. 

IHawaii isivele iphakathi kwezifunda ezintathu eziphezulu ekuhlolweni komuntu ngamunye kwe-coronavirus yize sikleliswa phakathi kwezifunda eziyishumi eziphansi kakhulu zamacala kumuntu ngamunye. Imikhawulo eminingi yamandla okuhlola iselungisiwe futhi uMbuso manje usuyakwazi ukwenza izivivinyo zama-antigen ezibalelwa ku-1,500 ngosuku (i-Star-Advertiser 3/30/2020) iningi lalezo zivivinyo ezenziwa kumalabhu ezizimele kanye nezinsizakalo eziqinisekisiwe Ilebhu yombuso. Kuze kube manje sekwenziwe izivivinyo ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 285 kwatholakala nezimfanelo ezingama-XNUMX. 

Uhlelo lokuhlola kumele lusebenze izinhloso ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ekwakheni impendulo enamandla: 

Ukwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa kweziguli nokuvumela izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuvikela abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo nezinye iziguli (izivivinyo ze-antigen); 

Ukuhlonza labo basebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nabanye abasebenzi ababalulekile imisebenzi yabo edinga ukuxhumana okuningana komphakathi asebevele balulama ekungenweni yi-coronavirus virus futhi bangaba nokuzivikela komzimba (ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane); 

Ukuhlonza oxhumana nabo abasondelene nawo wonke amacala amahle ukuze kwenziwe ukutholwa koxhumana nabo ukulandelela nokuhlukanisa noma ukuhlukanisa abantu abadaluliwe ukuvikela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungasabalali (izivivinyo ze-antigen); 

Ukuhlola inani lamacala emphakathini ukuze kutholakale ukuthambekela kwalo bhubhane futhi kusetshenziselwe ukuhola izinqumo ezibalulekile ekuphakamiseni izinyathelo zokuqhela komphakathi nemikhawulo yokuhamba (kokubili ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kanye ne-antibody). 

Yini okudingeka yenziwe eHawaii ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lokuhlola lungagcwalisa ngayinye yalezi zinhloso ezibalulekile? 

Ukwanda kwamandla emkhakheni wangasese nokuhlolwa kombuso kuvumele ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke iziguli ezinezimpawu ezibhedlela kanye nalezo ezikhonjwe njengamacala okungenzeka ukuthi zenziwe ngabahlengikazi ukuthi zenziwe, kepha kusekhona ukubambezeleka ekubikeni imiphumela. Kuzoba wusizo ukusebenzela ukuthola izivivinyo zokunakekelwa ngokushesha lapho zitholakala ukusheshisa ukuxilonga nokwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa. Lokhu kuzophinde kuvumele imisebenzi yokulandela umkhondo koxhumana nabo ukuthi iqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu, okuzobamba iqhaza ekunqandeni ukudluliswa komphakathi okuqhubekayo. 

Ngoba i-coronavirus iveza izimpawu kubantu abaningi abathelelekile zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14, ukuhlolwa kwalabo abanezimpawu zokwelashwa kungathola ukutheleleka okuningi emphakathini. Abaningi balabo abanezifo ezinamandla kungenzeka ukuthi bavele ezindaweni zokugula noma emahhovisi odokotela. Okwamanje, noma kunjalo, kuphela isethi elinganiselwe engahleliwe yamasampuli ohlelweni lokubhekwa kwemikhuhlane elihlolelwa ukubhekwa kwe-coronavirus. Uma kufanele sisebenzise ukulandelela okuqinile okwanele ukuthola amacala we-coronavirus asebenzayo eHawaii futhi siwasuse okwesikhashana kubantu ukuze bangatheleleki abanye, lokhu kuhlolwa kufanele kwandiswe ukumboza bonke abantu abanesifo abahlangabezana nencazelo efanele yomtholampilo. Vele, lokhu kufanele kuhambisane nokulandelwa kokuxhumana okusebenzayo kwawo wonke amacala. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe phambilini, amaqoqo okutheleleka we-coronavirus angaba makhulu futhi akhule masinyane, ngakho-ke, isenzo esinolaka siyadingeka uma sifuna ukubamba ukusabalala kwegciwane emphakathini. Ukuhlolwa okunzulu kube wuphawu lwempendulo yaseSingapore, lapho amacala amaningi ahlangabezana nencazelo yamacala abonakalisiwe ahlolwa ekunakekelweni okuyisisekelo, ezibhedlela nasezinsizeni zokunakekelwa ezizimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje bahlola konke ukuxhumana kwesiguli se-COVID-19. Ukuthungatha okuphelele kwenziwa kubo bonke okuhle, futhi, njengoba kubikiwe phambilini, le mizamo ikhombe amaqoqo amaningi amakhulu okutheleleka. 

Uhlelo lwedatha oluzungeze ukuhlolwa kufanele luthuthukiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imininingwane ebalulekile yokuqondisa impendulo iqoqelwa lonke uvivinyo olwenziwe, kungaba kumalebhu ombuso noma kumalebhu angasese. Lokhu kufanele kufaka okuguqukayo okubalulekile okufana nobudala, ubulili, umsebenzi, ubuhlanga nomlando wokuvakasha. Kulabo abahlola okuhle, izingxoxo ezibanzi kufanele zenziwe ukukhomba oxhumana nabo abasondelene nabanye okungenzeka ukuthi baba nokuchayeka okuphawulekayo. Inhloso yalokhu kuqoqwa kwedatha ukuhlinzeka ngobuhlakani obusebenzayo mayelana nalolu bhubhane. Le mininingwane ingahlaziywa njalo ukukhomba ukuthi iminyaka ethile noma imikhakha yomsebenzi ibhekene namacala aphakeme we-coronavirus, angadala imiyalezo yezempilo yomphakathi enamandla kulawo maqembu. Kuhlanganiswe nezincazelo eziphelele ngokwengeziwe zamaqoqo njengoba kuchaziwe ekuqaleni, lolu lwazi lungagcina umphakathi unolwazi olungcono futhi lubagqugquzele ukuthi bathuthukise izindlela zokuzivikela. 

Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa kwezigaba ezivivinyayo zama-antibody kuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi iyiphi ingxenyenamba yabantu esivele inayo i-coronavirus. Lapho lokhu kuhlolwa sekutholakala, lokhu kufanele kube yingxenye eyengeziwe yohlelo lokubhekwa kwe-coronavirus. Ukwazi inani labantu emphakathini abanokuvikeleka kokutheleleka kabusha kuzoqondisa izinqumo mayelana nama-oda wokuhlala ekhaya nasenhlalweni yomphakathi futhi kuzonikeza nesilinganiso esiqondile sokuthi zisebenza kanjani. Izophinda futhi inqume ukuthambeka kwesibalo sabantu esiqhameni esiwumqansa uma i-coronavirus iphinda ifakwa ngosuku oluthile oluzayo. Uma amacala amasha wezimpawu ngaphansi kombuso wokuhlola owandisiwe alawulwa noma ukutholakala kwabantu kokudalulwa kwangaphambilini kuphansi, lokhu kuhlolwa kwabantu kungenziwa kaningi. Uma ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody kutholakala kabanzi, kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka kwabantu ngesimo sabo noma kubasize banqume ukuthi kuphephile yini ukubuyela emsebenzini. 

Ukulandelwa Okuphelele Kokuxhumana

Ukulandela ngomkhondo ukuxhumana kubalulekile ekulawuleni inkinga ye-coronavirus eHawaii. Yini okubandakanya ukulandela umkhondo ngokujwayelekile okubandakanya? Lapho umuntu etholakala enesifo se-coronavirus, umsebenzi wezempilo womphakathi uthinta lowo muntu ngocingo, ngomqhafazo, noma ngengqungquthela yevidiyo bese ecela lowo muntu ukuthi anikeze imininingwane ngabo bonke abantu abebesondelene nabo emasontweni amathathu edlule. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amalungu omndeni, abalingani abaseduze, abantu abahlinzeka ukunakekelwa ekhaya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela ukutheleleka ezinconyiwe, nabantu abebesondelene kakhulu (<6 feet) isikhathi eside. Izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi bese zisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuxhumana nalaba bantu abangavezwa obala. Bacelwa ukuthi babike ukushisa kwabo ngocingo noma babakhombise ngenkomfa yevidiyo, futhi bacelwa ukuthi bazihlukanise izinsuku eziyi-14. Uma bekhombisa izimpawu, bacelwa ukuthi bahlolelwe ukuthola isimo sabo se-coronavirus. Ukuzihlukanisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abangavezwa obala abadaluli abanye abantu emakhaya abo noma ezindaweni zokusebenza ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni amacala amahle kubantu asebevele bekhombisa izimpawu. 

Ingabe uhlelo lokulandela umkhondo omuhle lungakhiqiza kangakanani ekutholeni abanye abantu abatheleleke nge-COVID-19? Okuningi kuncike ekutheni abasebenzi be-DOH bangaxhumana kanjani nabantu abangavezwa yicala elithile, ngoba ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokuhlukaniswa komuntu okulandelayo kwehlisa amathuba okuthi umuntu odaluliwe asabalalise leli gciwane kwabanye abantu. ISingapore, enesistimu enobudlova yokuthungatha oxhumana nabo, ilandele amacala ayo angama-53 okuqala ayikhulu ngokulandela umkhondo wesivumelwano. Ukulandela umkhondo koxhumana nabo kukhiqiza kakhulu lapho inani lamacala liyiphesenti elincane labantu. Njengoba inani lamacala likhuphuka, kuba nzima kakhulu ngenani elinqunyelwe labathintana nabo ukwenza imisebenzi yabo. Cabanga ukuthi emacaleni ayo okuqala angama-100 aqinisekisiwe, uMnyango Wezempilo waseSingapore wakhomba oxhumana nabo abasondelene abayizi-432 10,346 bonke abacelwa ukuthi bangene endaweni yokuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku eziyi-14. Lapho oxhumana nabo abadaluliwe sebehlukanisiwe, uhulumeni waseSingapore uqapha abantu ngokuhlukaniswa nohlelo lokusebenza lwefoni oluqinisekisa indawo yabo. Abantu abahlukanisiwe kudingeka balayishe izithombe zabo endaweni yabo yokuhlukaniswa njalo emahoreni ambalwa. 

Iminyango yezempilo kwamanye amazwe isiphendukele kubathinteli bezindlela zokuxhumana okungezona ezomdabu njengoba izidingo sezidlulise umthamo wabasebenzi babo wokubhekana nale nkinga. INational Crisis Coordination Center yase-Iceland iphendukele kubaphenyi abanolwazi abaningana ukuze benze umkhondo wokuxhumana nabantu. Abasebenzi abengeziwe basize iSikhungo ukuthola oxhumana nabo abasobala bamacala amasha ngokushesha okukhulu futhi bababeka ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-14 zokuvalelwa wedwa. Icala likaHawaii selikhule ngaphezu kokuphindwe kayishumi emasontweni amabili edlule, likhule lisuka emacaleni angama-26 ngoMashi 19 laya kumacala angama-285 ngo-Ephreli 2. Ukulandela oxhumana nabo emacaleni amasha kukhulise kakhulu umthwalo kuPhiko Lokulawulwa Kokuqubuka Kwezifo lweHawaii DOH . Njengoba inani lamacala amasha kulindeleke ukuthi ande kakhulu njengoba kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, i-DOH idinga ukucubungula ukuthi ingabakhuphula kanjani abasebenzi bayo bokulandela umkhondo. Mhlawumbe i-DOH ingalandela ukuhola kwe-Iceland futhi icabangele ukusebenzisa abaphenyi bamaphoyisa basedolobheni nabasetshenzisiwe manje. (Ubugebengu buwile phakathi nalolu bhubhane.) Ukubambisana phakathi kohulumeni besifunda nohulumeni kanye nezinyunyana zabasebenzi kungakusiza lokhu. Noma, uma ukusetshenziswa kwamaphoyisa kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwenkululeko yomphakathi, mhlawumbe i-DOH ingabheka ukuqeqesha othisha abavela eMnyangweni Wezemfundo waseHawaii ukusiza. Okwamanje abasetshenziswanga, ngokunikezwa ukumiswa kokufundiswa ezikoleni zomphakathi. 

Ngabe iHawaii isazodinga iqembu elikhulu lokuthungatha othintana nabo lapho ubhadane seluqala ukulawula kamuva kulo nyaka? Lapho nje uMbusi u-Ige ethatha isinqumo sokuyekisa i-oda lokuhlala ekhaya futhi abantu baqala ukuhlangana njalo, amathuba okwenyuka kokuqubuka okungajwayelekile kwamacala amasha we-coronavirus. Ukuqubuka okunjalo kuyokwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho iHawaii kungenzeka ukuthi iphumelele ekuvikeleni iningi labantu ukuthi lingatheleleki. Idamu elikhulu labantu abangenalo igciwane lihlinzeka ngemvelo evundile yamacala ambalwa amasha ukuze aqhume ngokushesha abe ngamaqoqo amakhulu amacala amasha. Lokhu kungavinjelwa uma i-Hawaii DOH ibinenqwaba yabasebenzi abanolwazi ohlelweni lwayo lokuthungatha othintana nabo abangasabela ngokushesha emacaleni amasha ngokukhomba oxhumana nabo abadaluliwe futhi bathuthele ukubahlukanisa ngokushesha. Izenzo ezinjalo zinamandla amakhulu okuqukatha noma yikuphi ukuqubuka okungajwayelekile nokugcina inani lamacala amasha kusukela ekukhuphukeni liye ezingeni elingadinga ukufakwa kohlelo olusha lokuhlala ekhaya nezinye izindlela zokuvimbela. 

Ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo nokuhlukaniswa

Ukuhlolwa nokulandelwa koxhumana nabo kusebenza kuphela lapho abantu abanaleli gciwane bezehlukanisa kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo sesiqhubekile kanti abantu abachayeke kuleligciwane bazihlukanisa baze bathole imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ukuhlukaniswa kuyasizakala lapho kunezindawo lapho abantu abanegciwane noma abangene kulo bengaphendukela kuzo. Umbiko kaGottlieb (ikhasi 6) uncoma ukuthi “[c] izindawo ezijabulisayo nezikhululekile kufanele zinikezwe amacala kanye nalabo abathintana nabo abathanda ukuhlukaniswa endaweni, ukuhlukaniswa nabanye abantu, kanye nokwelashwa kude nasekhaya. Isibonelo, ilunga lomndeni omkhulu lingafisa ukwelulama egumbini lehhotela elibuyiselwe kabusha esikhundleni sengozi yokuthelela amalungu omndeni. Ukuvalelwa wedwa nokuvalelwa kude nasekhaya akufanele kuphoqelelwe noma kuphoqwe ngenkani. ” EHawaii, lapho imindeni eminingi ihlala emafulethini amancane noma amakhondomu, ukuhlala wedwa noma ukuhlala wedwa ekhaya kunzima futhi kubeka ingozi kwamanye amalungu omndeni. 

Umbuso waseHawaii udinga ukukhomba izakhiwo esiqhingini ngasinye lapho abantu abavelele bengahlukaniswa khona futhi banakekelwe. Abaqokiwe abangaba khona bafaka amahhotela ezifundeni zezivakashi nakomakhelwane noma ezindlini zamasosha ezingenamuntu, njengeKilauea Military Camp. Umbuso ungahle ugxile kuzikhungo zikahulumeni nezesifunda lapho ungadingi ukuxoxisana nabanikazi abazimele ngokusetshenziswa kwabo. Lokho kusho ukuthi umbuso usuvele uxoxisana nabasebenza emahhotela ukuthi basebenzise amahhotela abo njengezindawo zokuhlukaniswa kwabantu abachayeke ku-coronavirus noma njengezindawo zokwelashwa zabantu abangenwe yigciwane. 

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ukwenza ngcono ukulandela umkhondo, ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa

Njengoba kunikezwe umthwalo omkhulu obangelwa ukuthintana nokuthinta i-DOH, kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali ukusiza le mizamo ebalulekile. Omakhalekhukhwini bangasiza ngezindlela eziningana. ESingapore, uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olulandwe ngokuzithandela olubizwa ngeTraceTogether lisebenzisa i-Bluetooth ukungena kwamanye amafoni abeseduze isikhathi esithile, eqoqa kuphela inombolo yawo yeselula. Uma umuntu onalolu hlelo lokusebenza evivinya okuhle, abasebenzi bezempilo bomphakathi bangasebenzisa le datha ukukhomba ngokushesha futhi bashayele oxhumana nabo abasondelene. Emazweni amaningana abone ukukhula komqedazwe kuhamba kancane, omakhalekhukhwini basetshenziselwa ukulandelela ukuhambisana nemiyalo yokuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu. Uma umuntu ongaphansi kwe-oda lokuhlukaniswa kwabantu esuka endaweni yakhe yokuhlukaniswa, bathintwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo bomphakathi ukwenza ngcono ukuhambisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amamephu e-New York Times ngo-Ephreli 2 akhombisa ezweni lonke, idatha engaziwa evela emibhoshongweni yamaseli ingasetshenziswa ukuqapha ukuthobela kwabantu ngezidingo zokuhlala ekhaya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le ndlela efanayo ingasetshenziswa kalula esimweni sezwe, ukuhlinzeka ngobuhlakani obusebenzayo ekusebenzeni kwale nqubomgomo ebalulekile. Ukuqhathanisa lokhu nokwehla kwamacala abikiwe kunganikeza inkomba eyodwa yokwandisa ukudluliswa komphakathi. Ngokusobala, ekwamukeleni noma iyiphi yalezi zindlela e-United States, kudingeka kucatshangelwe izidingo zobumfihlo nezimfuneko zomthetho; kepha neYurophu ekhumbula ubumfihlo manje isiyicabanga ukwamukela ezinye zazo (New York Times, 3/30/2020). 

Kancane kancane Izwe Elibekwe Izithibelo ezibekiwe- imigomo eyisisekelo:

Isinyathelo sesine ekulawuleni ubhadane lwe-coronavirus wukuba umbuso ukhulule kancane izincomo kanye nama-oda wokuhlala ekhaya nasenhlalakahleni futhi uvumele eminye imisebenzi yezomnotho ebandakanya amaqembu aqoqene endaweni, isb. indawo yokusebenza, ukuthi iqale kabusha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha okukhulu. Kokubili umsebenzi wokumodela ku-COVID-19 kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komkhuhlane wango-1918 kukhombisile ukuthi uma izindlela zokuqedwa kwezenhlalo seziyekile, kunengozi enkulu yokuqhamuka kabusha kwegciwane, okungukuthi, ubhadane luqala ngokushesha futhi. I-oda lokukhosela eliyimpumelelo kanye nokuziqhelanisa nokuphambuka komphakathi lapho ushiya ikhaya uyothenga ukudla noma izimpahla kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni abantu ekutholeni i-coronavirus. Kodwa-ke, kusalishiya lingenwe yileli gciwane, lenze ukuthi ubhadane luphinde lukwazi ukuphakama uma abantu bebuyela ezindleleni zabo zakudala zokuhlangana ngamaqembu. Ngakho-ke, kunezidingo ezimbili ezibalulekile zemikhawulo yokuphumula: 1) kufanele zisuswe kuphela uma sesinohlelo lokuqapha oluqinile olukhona olungathola ngokushesha ukuphindeka kabusha kulo bhubhane; kanye 2) nemikhawulo kumele ikhishwe kancane kancane futhi umphumela wokususa kwabo ubhekwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsalela zobhubhane ziqukethe. Uma ubhadane luvuka futhi, kufanele sikulungele ukuphinda sinikeze imikhawulo ngokushesha. Umuthi wokugoma osebenza kahle futhi osatshalaliswa kabanzi uzokwenza imikhawulo ingadingeki, kepha njengoba uDkt Anthony Fauci asho ukuthi izinyanga eziyishumi nambili kuya kweziyishumi nesishiyagalombili zisesimweni esinethemba. 

Kuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okusebenzayo noma umuthi wokugoma noma ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kanye ne-antibody kube kushibhile, kunembile, kusheshe futhi kutholakale kabanzi, eminye imisebenzi yezomnotho ngeke iqhubeke. Lesi sigaba sigxile kwimisebenzi engaqala kabusha uma ihlelwe kabusha ngezindlela ezandisa ukuphepha kwabahlinzeki namakhasimende. 

Ngabe ubhadane lwaseHawaii luzokwenqaba nini ngokwanele ukuxegisa imikhawulo ethile kahulumeni? Umbiko kaGottlieb (ikhasi 6) wethula izinyathelo ezine zobudlwangudlwangu ezingasetshenziswa njengezindlela zoMbuso waseHawaii ukukhomba ukuthi kunini lapho izimo zivuma ukuphakanyiswa kancane kancane kwama-oda wokuhlala ekhaya. Imigomo ye-Gottlieb Report, ehlelwe kancane ukuze ivumelane nezimo ezithile zaseHawaii, landela: 

Lapho uMbuso waseHawaii ubika ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwenani lamacala amasha okungenani izinsuku eziyi-14 okungukuthi, isikhathi esisodwa sokufukamela; 

izibhedlela esifundeni ngasinye zikwazi ukwelapha zonke iziguli ezidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela (kuzo zombili i-COVID-19 nezinye izimo ezibucayi zezokwelapha) ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindinganiso zokunakekelwa nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezichichimayo, ezinjengezinkundla zemidlalo nezindawo zemihlangano, ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa kwesibhedlela iziguli; 

Umbuso waseHawaii ukhomba amandla anele omphakathi nawangasese okuhlola bonke abantu abanezimpawu ze-coronavirus; 

uMnyango Wezempilo waseHawaii unamandla okwenza ukuqapha okusebenzayo kwabo bonke abantu abanezimpawu ze-coronavirus, okufanele bahlale behlukanisiwe futhi bathole othintana nabo abasondelene nabathwali bamagciwane. 

Lapho nje izindlela ezine sezitholakele, uMbusi u-Ige angacabanga ukususa imiyalo yokuhlala ekhaya neyokuhlalisana nabantu ngokwezigaba. Isigaba sokuqala ukususa i-oda lokuhlala ekhaya lalabo abangekho engcupheni enkulu yemiphumela emibi ye-COVID-19, ngenkathi kugcinwa noma kunconywa ngokuqinile labo abasengozini enkulu (abantu abadala noma labo abanezimo esezikhona ezibabeka ku-COVID ephakeme engozini) ukuhlala ekhaya noma ukubuyela emsebenzini kuphela uma kungaqinisekiswa ukuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalo emsebenzini. Njengoba kuphakanyiswa i-oda lokuhlala ekhaya, kufanele kwenziwe imithetho eyengeziwe yokugcina ukunqwabelana kwezenhlalo ezindaweni zomphakathi nezasemsebenzini ngangokunokwenzeka. ISingapore, ngokwesibonelo, imaka zonke izihlalo zokudla nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle njengemikhawulo yokwengeza ukudideka komphakathi kulezi zilungiselelo. IHong Kong idinga ukuthi izindawo zokudlela zisebenze zingabi ngaphezu kwesigamu somthamo zingabi ngaphezu kwabantu abane etafuleni ngalinye kanye nesikhala esiqinisekisiwe esingu-4m phakathi kwamatafula. Ngokuya ngesimo sasemsebenzini, imithethonqubo eyehlukene ingahle yamukelwe ukuxhasa ama-social distancing protocols ngangokunokwenzeka. Wonke umuntu kusamele acelwe ukuthi ageze izandla kaningi futhi agcine ibanga lakhe ukusuka kwabanye, ngisho nasemsebenzini. Wonke amabhizinisi nezindawo zokusebenza kufanele kudingeke ukuthi zinikeze abahlanza izandla ezindaweni ezishushumbiswe kakhulu. Ngamafuphi, zonke izindlela ezingacatshangelwa zokunciphisa ukutholakala kwe-coronavirus esithathelwanayo kakhulu emvelweni kufanele zithathwe. 

Izakhiwo zezindlu ezinabantu abasengozini bangafuna ukuyekisa imikhawulo kubavakashi nasekuhambeni kwabahlali ngaphakathi kwezikhungo kancane. I-Gottlieb Report (ikhasi 8) incoma ukuthi “[abantu] kumele banakekele izindawo ezinakekela isikhathi eside nasemakhaya asebekhulile. Lezi zindawo zizodinga ukugcina amazinga aphezulu okuvikela ukutheleleka kanye nemizamo yokulawula futhi anciphise izivakashi ukuvimbela ukubheduka. ” Abantu abasengozini "kufanele baqhubeke nokuzibandakanya ngangokunokwenzeka kuze kube yilapho kutholakala umuthi wokugoma, umuthi osebenzayo utholakala, noma kungabe kusadluliselwa mphakathi." Lezi zinothi zokuxwayisa zisebenza ngokuqinile eHawaii lapho amaphesenti angaphezu kwe-18 wabantu base-2018 ayeneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba le-oda liguqulwa, uMbusi angahle afune ukucabanga ngokuqinisa izincomo zombuso zokugqoka imaski esidlangalaleni futhi azelule izinyanga ezimbalwa ezengeziwe. Uma izincomo zethu ezihlinzekwe ngenhla zenziwa, bonke abahlali baseHawaii bazobe begqoke izifihla-buso eziyisisekelo ze-DIY emphakathini kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli 2020. Kodwa-ke, uma izingqinamba zokuhlinzeka ngamamaski wokuhlinzwa sezikhululekile KANYE nomyalelo wombuso wokuhlala ekhaya usususiwe, khona-ke kuzobaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi asebenzise imaski yokuhlinza ephumelela ngokwengeziwe ezindaweni zomphakathi ukunxephezela ubungozi obengeziwe obuza nokuxhumana nabantu abaningi. Njengoba abantu abaningi beshiya amakhaya abo kaningi, kuzoba khona ukwanda okwephula umthetho ekuhlukaneni nomphakathi kanye namandla aphezulu wokwanda kwezifo ezintsha, noma ngabe kunendawo enamaphesenti aphansi abantu abanegciwane le-coronavirus kunanamuhla. Ukufuna abantu ukuthi bagqoke izifihla-buso ezindaweni zomphakathi izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthi ama-oda okuhlala ekhaya ekhululekile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukudluliswa kwe-asymptomatic, kunciphise inani le-coronavirus emoyeni nasezikhaleni, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubhadane alubuyi ngokushesha. 

Ukuqala Umnotho Ongesona Ezokuvakasha

Ake sicabangele ukuvula kabusha umnotho waseHawaii ongewona owezokuvakasha kuqala. Ukuvula kabusha umnotho okungewona owezokuvakasha kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kubalwa amaphesenti angama-77 eGDP yaseHawaii. Lapho nje umyalo wokuhlala ekhaya kaHulumeni usususiwe, amabhizinisi avaliwe noma avaliwe kancane azoqala ukusebenza futhi azozihlela kanjani kabusha ukwenza lula ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi? Isinyathelo esisodwa sesikhashana amabhizinisi okufanele asithathe (kuze kutholakale umuthi wokugomela) ukuthola abasebenzi abanezivivinyo ezinhle ze-coronavirus antibody ukuze benze imisebenzi edinga ukuxhumana okuseduze nabanye abasebenzi noma amakhasimende. Umbiko kaGottlieb (ikhasi 9) uphakamisa ukuthi abantu abanezivivinyo zokuvikela ukuthi amasosha omzimba angaphila “bangabuyela emsebenzini, basebenze ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu njengalezo ezisezimpini zohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, futhi basebenze ezindimeni ezisekela ukusebenza komphakathi kwabantu abasaziqhelelanisa ngokomzimba. ” U-Emanuel (2020) uphakamisa ukuthi abantu abane-antibody bangasebenza futhi baphathe izitolo nezitolo zokudlela. Konke okushiwo, kunokukhathazeka okuqhubekayo maqondana namandla wokuvikelwa kokuzivikela omzimba okunikezwa yi-coronavirus antibody kanye nesikhathi lapho ukuvikelwa kuhlala khona (WSJ, 4/2/2020). Ucwaningo kule ndawo kumele lubhekwe ngeso lokhozi futhi nezinqubomgomo zishintshwe lapho kudingeka. 

Silindele ukuthi cishe wonke amabhizinisi azohlela kabusha ukusebenza okungenani ngezinga elithile ukukhulisa ukuphepha kwamakhasimende nabasebenzi. Umbiko kaGottlieb (ikhasi 8) uyavuma, uphikisa ngokuthi “izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuqapha ukuhamba komzimba zisazoba yinto evamile ngemuva kokuyekethiswa kokuhlala ekhaya, kufaka phakathi ukusebenza ngocingo (ngangokunokwenzeka), ukugcina inhlanzeko yesandla kanye nendlela yokuziphatha yokuphefumula, ugqoke ukuzifihla phambi kwabantu, ukuvikela amagciwane ezindaweni ezithintwa kakhulu, futhi ekuqaleni kunciphisa imibuthano yokuzijabulisa ibe nabantu abangaphansi kwama-50. ” Ikhono lamabhizinisi lokuzihlela kabusha ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zokuphepha kwabasebenzi nezamakhasimende zehluka kakhulu. Abanye bazohlela kabusha ngokuphelele yonke imisebenzi yabo, abaningi bazokwenza izinguquko ukuqinisekisa ukudideka komphakathi, kanti abanye bazothola lezo zinguquko zingabambeki futhi bavale iminyango yabo. Izimboni ezinezindleko eziphezulu zokuhlinzeka ukuphepha kwamakhasimende zizokwehla ngosayizi uma abathengi bengathola kalula imikhiqizo engena esikhundleni (cabanga ngamathiyetha ama-movie namakilasi amakhulu ezifundo), kepha zingakhula ngosayizi uma amakhasimende ethola ukuthi imikhiqizo yomkhakha ibalulekile futhi izimisele ukukhokha izindleko eziphezulu ezidingekayo ukuze abasebenzi bakhiqize lezi zimpahla nezinsizakalo ngokuphepha kubathengi (cabanga ukwakhiwa kwamakhaya). Ezinye izimboni ezinezindleko eziphansi zokunikeza ukuphepha okwengeziwe kwamakhasimende nabasebenzi kuzokwanda futhi kuchume (cabanga ngezinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi). Ekupheleni kosuku, ukufunwa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe zabasebenzi nabathengi kuzoba yinto ehudula emnothweni waseHawaii ongaqhubeka iminyaka eminingana, ngenkathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izimo ezishintshile zamafemu, amakhasimende, kanye nabasebenzi zizokhuthaza amagagasi emisha ezobeka umnotho nomphakathi ezindleleni ezingaziwa namuhla. 

Lapho i-oda lokuhlala ekhaya seliphelile, amabhizinisi ancike enanini elikhulu labantu abahlangana ndawonye ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kuzofanele acabange kabusha imodeli yebhizinisi labo kuze kugonywe abantu baseHawaii. Izibonelo zifaka imigoqo, amakilabhu, ezinye izindawo zokudlela, izingqungquthela, izingqungquthela, amakilasi amakhulu ezifundo zasenyuvesi, imicimbi yezemidlalo, amakhonsathi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, neminyuziyamu. Inketho eyodwa yalezi zindawo ukuvumela abantu abambalwa bangene esikhaleni sabo, ngaleyo ndlela bavumele wonke amakhasimende ukuthi azijwayeze ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Manje cabanga ukuthi indawo yokudlela ingasabela kanjani lapho kuphakanyiswa ama-oda okuhlala ekhaya. Ake sicabange ukuthi isikhala esengeziwe esidingekayo phakathi kwamakhasimende singatholakala ngokususa uhhafu wamatafula okudla. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ezinye izindleko zokudlela ezihluka ngenani lamakhasimende, njengoweta, abapheki bama-busboys, nezindleko zokudla, kepha kusazoshiya izindawo zokudlela zibhekene nendlela yokukhokha irenti nezinye izindleko ezingaguquki ngamakhasimende ambalwa. Izinhlelo ezimbili zikahulumeni sezisethelwe ukusiza abanikazi bezindawo zokudlela nabasebenzi ngentwasahlobo ka-2020. 

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi imicimbi ebandakanya izixuku ezinkulu, njengomdlalo webhola le-UH noma umdlalo we-UH Wahine volleyball ingabanjwa kanjani ngokuphepha kuze kutholakale umuthi wokugoma. Kulula ukufaka isithombe kubalandeli abangu-50,000 XNUMX abagqolozele ithelevishini emakhaya abo, bebuka umdlalo webhola noma we-volleyball odlalwa ngaphandle kwabalandeli eziteshini. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, izindaba zokuphepha kwabadlali nabasebenzi kuzodingeka zixazululwe. Cabanga ukuthi lapho iNational Basketball Association (NBA) izwa ukuthi umdlali oyedwa oyisihlabani, uRudy Gobert we-Utah Jazz, uhlolwe ukuthi une-HIV, yavala ngokushesha isizini yayo. Izinkinga ezifanayo zizokhathaza noma yimuphi umzamo wokudlala izinkathi zebhola leNFL noma zasekolishi. Noma i-volleyball ye-UH Wahine. 

Singabona imihlangano emikhulu — ethembele kubantu abaningi ababandakanyeka emicimbini ezindaweni ezigcwele zamahhotela noma zesikhungo somhlangano — beya kumodeli eku-inthanethi enamaseshini e-inthanethi amaningi, ama-online group-group, ngisho nama-cocktail party aku-inthanethi. Ngeshwa, izingqungquthela ezinjalo eziku-inthanethi ngeke zinikeze induduzo encane enanini elikhulu labasebenzi baseHawaii abanikezela ngendawo yokuhlala, ukudla, kanye nokuzijabulisa kubavakashi bomhlangano abangasazivakasheli empeleni. 

Kunamabhizinisi amaningi nemisebenzi ethembele ekuthintaneni komuntu siqu okuseduze — ama-salon ezinwele, ukubhucungwa, udokotela wamazinyo, izinsizakalo zamehlo, izinsizakalo zezempilo — nokunye lapho amakhasimende esebenzisa imishini efanayo, njengamajimu. Ukuthi la mabhizinisi azokwazi ukuqala kabusha ngempumelelo ngaphambi kokutholakala komuthi wokugomela umbuzo ovulekile futhi kungenzeka uncike ezimweni ezithile zebhizinisi ngalinye nakumakhasimende abo. Amabhizinisi angacabanga ngokuqapha izinga lokushisa kwansuku zonke labasebenzi abaxhumana namakhasimende amaningi. 

Kuthiwani ngezikole ze-K-12? Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi i-oda likaHulumeni u-Ige lokuhlala ekhaya lizosebenza isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukuphothulwa konyaka wesikole we-2019-2020 wabafundi bakahulumeni nabazimele be-K-12. Uma i-oda lokuhlala ekhaya liphakanyiswa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, umbuso ungacabanga ukusebenzisana neHawaii State Teachers Association ukuthola indlela yokuqeda unyaka wesikole wamanje phakathi nehlobo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane azisaleli emuva ekufundiseni kwazo kufanele kube yinto ephambili kuhulumeni nakothisha. Lapho izikole zikahulumeni nezizimele ziqala kabusha ukufundisa ngaphakathi, abaphathi kuzodingeka benze amalungiselelo ezingane ezithinteka ekuvikeleni izivikeli mzimba kanye nothisha asebekhulile nabanye abasebenzi abangaba sengozini enkulu yokuqhamuka kwalesi sifo phakathi kwabafundi babo abancane. Enye indlela yokunciphisa ukuvezwa kothisha asebekhulile abasengozini ukubanikeza okwesikhashana ukuthi bafundise amakilasi e-inthanethi futhi babele othisha abasebancane abasengozini kancane emakilasini okuxhumana nabantu. Uma kungekho umuthi wokugoma, kungahle kube nokuqubuka kwamagciwane esikoleni. Ukunciphisa umthelela wabo kudinga ukuthi bonke abasebenzi, othisha, kanye nabafundi bagcine ukudideka kwezenhlalo, ukuthi abafundi abagulayo bagcinwe emakhaya, nokuthi noma yimaphi amacala alandelwa ngokulandela umkhondo nokuhlolwa kwabantu abanolaka. Ukuqhamuka kwamagciwane ezikoleni kungancishiswa uma abasebenzi besikole bethatha izinga lokushisa lomfundi nothisha ngamunye nsuku zonke. 

Kuyogcinwa kanjani ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi emakilasini aminyene atholakala ezikoleni zomphakathi nezizimele zaseHawaii? Omunye umqondo ukuphatha izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku ngesigamu sabafundi abeza ekuseni nengxenye ntambama. Lokhu kuzovumela ukwanda kwezikhala phakathi kwabafundi, noma ngabe kubiza isikhathi esincane ekilasini nesifundo somuntu. Isikhathi esilahlekile sokufundisa ngomuntu singenziwa ingxenye yesikhathi sokufundiswa kwi-inthanethi phakathi nenye ingxenye yosuku. Ukuntula ukufinyelela kwabafundi abavela emindenini ehola kancane ukuya kumakhompyutha asekhaya kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi ekhaya kuzodinga ukulungiswa ukuze lolu hlelo lusebenze. Ukugqoka izimaski zemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ezikoleni ezithile kungenye indlela yokwehlisa amathuba okuqubuka kwesifo. 

Ngabe iYunivesithi yaseHawaii kanye namanyuvesi azimele ombuso kufanele aqale kabusha amakilasi angabantu lapho i-oda lokuhlala ekhaya seliphakanyisiwe? Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi entwasahlobo ye-2020, i-University of Hawaii 

ibidinga ubuhlakani bayo kanye nezitshudeni ukuthi zishintshe zisuka ezifundweni ezingaphakathi kwabantu ziye emakilasini e-inthanethi U-UH usanda kunquma ukunikela ngawo wonke amakilasi weseshini ehlobo e-inthanethi ku-inthanethi, isinqumo esenziwe saba lula ngokwanda kwamaphesenti abafundi abakhetha ukuthatha amakilasi weseshini ehlobo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Abaphathi be-UH bazodinga ukunquma ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2020 ukuthi bazonikela ngamakilasi e-Fall semester ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi. Ukuhambisa wonke amakilasi we-Fall semester online kuyisinqumo esinobungozi. Abafundi base-Out-of-state abafundela phansi bangakwazi ukukhokhela imali yokufunda ephezulu ye-UH-Manoa yohlelo lokufundisa olukwi-inthanethi kuphela. Abafundi abathweswe iziqu emikhakheni eminingi kungenzeka bakhulume ngohlelo olukwi-inthanethi kuphela, njengoba ukufundisa ngabantu, umsebenzi waselebhu, nokuxhumana kontanga kuyizinto ezinkulu ezinhlelweni eziningi zeziqu. Kubuciko, amakilasi amaningi abandakanya ukufundwa komuntu ngamunye noma ama-ensembles amancane abafundi abayi-2020 noma ngaphansi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi siphakathi kobhadane lomhlaba wonke nokuthi amanyuvesi emhlabeni wonke abhekene nezinkinga ezifanayo. 

Kungaba yingozi kangakanani ukuthi i-UH noma amanyuvesi azimele anikele ngemiyalo engaphakathi komuntu kwisemester ye-Fall 2020? Uma uMbuso WaseHawaii usebenzisa izindlela zenqubomgomo ezifanele zokulawula ubhadane, khona-ke phakathi nehlobo iHawaii ingaba enye yezindawo eziphephe kakhulu zabafundi abathola iziqu kanye nabaphothule ukufundiswa. Abafundi, empeleni, benza izinqumo zabo zokubhalisa ngenyanga ka-Ephreli. Ukuzinikela ku-UH ekufundiseni ngaphakathi komuntu kwisemester ye-Fall kufaka izingozi zayo, okuyiyona enkulu ukuthi ngabe ubhadane lulawulwa ngokwanele yini ngo-Agasti ukuvumela ukufundiswa kwabantu ngaphakathi kuqhubeke. Abafundi abavela emazweni angaphandle kanye nezwekazi lase-US nakanjani bazodinga imiphumela eqinisekisiwe yokuhlolwa kwe-antigen / antibody noma sebeqedile ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku ezingu-14 zokufika kwabavakashi ukuze babhalise ku-UH. Isikhundla esidala esisengozini enkulu singakhetha ukufundisa online. Uma i-UH inikela ngemfundo yomuntu uqobo, kufanele ifune ukuthi bonke abasebenzi, othisha, kanye nabafundi bagcine ukuqhela kwezenhlalo, bazihlukanise futhi bazihlole uma begula, nokuthi wonke amacala we-coronavirus alandelwa ngokulandela umkhondo nokuhlolwa kwabantu abanolaka. 

Ukuqalisa kabusha Umnotho Wezokuvakasha

Umnotho wezokuvakasha uzothatha isikhathi eside ukuqala kabusha kunomnotho okungewona owezokuvakasha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezokuvakasha ezivela phesheya kwezilwandle zizoqala kabusha uma (1) umuthi wokugoma wenziwa noma (2) ubhadane lwe-coronavirus lulawulwa ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezithumela izivakashi eHawaii noma (3) izivivinyo ze-antigen ezisheshayo, zosuku olufanayo pre-screen izivakashi ezingaba khona ehhovisi likadokotela wazo, indawo yokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo noma isikhumulo sezindiza ekhaya kungakapheli usuku ushiye iHawaii. Isibikezelo esingenathemba sokuqalisa kabusha kokuvakasha okukhulu okuvela phesheya kwezilwandle izinyanga eziyi-12-18, isikhathi esingahle sidingeke sokuhlolwa komuthi wokugoma, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokugoma okubanzi kwabantu baseHawaii ukuthi kwenzeke. 

Ngakho-ke, uma izinyanga eziyi-12-18 isibikezelo esingenathemba sokuthi ezokuvakasha zizoqala kabusha, yisiphi isibikezelo esinethemba elikhulu? Ezokuvakasha zingaqala kabusha ngokushesha uma kuhlangatshezwana nemibandela emibili edingekayo: (1) Abavakashi abangaba khona babona ukuthi iHawaii iyindawo ephephile yokuvakasha futhi (2) abahlali baseHawaii bangaqinisekiswa ukuthi izivakashi azinayo i-coronavirus. Isimo sokuqala singaneliseka ngesinye isikhathi kuleli hlobo uma iHawaii yakhela empumelelweni yayo esivele ibonakale ngokuqhubekela phambili nokuhlola, ukulandelela othintana nabo, ukuzihlukanisa, nezinqubomgomo zemaski ezinconywe kulo mbiko. Isimo sesibili singagculiseka kuleli hlobo uma izivivinyo ezisheshayo ze-antigen ne-antibody zitholakala kalula kubantu abafuna ukuvakasha eHawaii. Abahambi bazovivinya i-antigen ngokushesha kungakapheli usuku lokugibela indiza yabo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abayiphathi i-coronavirus. Ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwe-antigen kungadingeka eHawaii kungakapheli usuku ekhaya lomgibeli wendiza. Ngokuhlolwa kwe-antibody okuhle, isihambi ngeke sidinge ukwenza izivivinyo ze-antigen. Ukuhlolwa okusha kwe-antigen ne-antibody kuthuthukiswa ngokushesha, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okwazi ukuthola igciwane kuzithwali ezingabonakali kuzotholakala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo ngefasitela elincane, okusho ukuthi, isikhathi lapho umuntu igciwane lisahlola ukuthi alinalo. Amalebhu e-Abbott njengamanje aqhuba ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okunikeza imiphumela kungakapheli imizuzu engu-5-15; lokhu kuhlolwa kungenzeka kusetshenziswe ezikhumulweni zezindiza ukuthumela abagibeli eHawaii. Esimweni esihle kakhulu, lapho umbuso uphakamisa i-oda lawo lokuhlala ekhaya kamuva kule ntwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwaleli hlobo, uzophinda ahlukane nokuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku eziyi-14 kwabavakashi abanesivivinyo se-antigen esiqinisekisiwe noma nge-antibody test. Kungenzeka, kodwa ngokuqinisekile, ukuthi iHawaii izoheha ikakhulukazi njengendawo yokuvakasha ngasekupheleni konyaka uma ingenye yezindawo zokuqala zezivakashi zomhlaba wonke ukuba kulawulwe ubhadane lwayo. 

Kunezici eziningi ezingenza futhi mhlawumbe zinganciphise isimo sethemba. Abavakashi abaningi abangahle babe khona, ikakhulukazi abavela kubantu abasengozini, banganquma ukuhlehlisa ukuthatha iholidi kuze kutholakale umuthi wokugoma. Kungani uthathe ingozi engadingekile? Abanye bangathatha isinqumo sokufaka amaholide ashibhile eduze nasekhaya ukonga imali noma bathathe isinqumo sokungathathi iholide ngenxa yokwehla kwemali engenayo yasekhaya kanye nengcebo. Abanye bangaqhubeka nokubona ukuthi ukuhamba ibanga elide kungaba yingozi. Abanye bangathola ukuthi indawo oya kuyo ayikhangi kangako ngoba ayivumeli imibuthano emikhulu, isb. Imihlangano emikhulu. Kulesi simo esiphakathi nendawo, sibone ukuqala kabusha okulinganiselwe kwezokuvakasha kuze kube yilapho kugonywa abantu baseMelika nabangaphandle. Ekugcineni, ezokuvakasha zaseJapan ziqale kabusha kancane kakhulu ngemuva kwezinye izingqinamba zepolitiki nezomnotho. Ukubuya kancane kwabavakashi baseJapan nabanye bakwamanye amazwe kuzosinda kakhulu emabhizinisini athinta ezokuvakasha eHawaii njengoba lezi zivakashi zivame ukusebenzisa imali engaphezu kwezivakashi zase-US. 

Ngabe imikhumbi yokuhamba ngesikebhe ingaqala kabusha ukuhamba phakathi kweziQhingi zaseHawaii uma bonke abagibeli namalungu omkhumbi bethula imiphumela eqinisekisiwe yokuhlolwa kwe-antigen noma i-antibody lapho kugitshelwa? Ukusabalala okusheshayo kwe-coronavirus emikhunjini yemikhumbi kushiya lokhu kungabazeka. Ukukhathazeka kuzosala ukuthi umgibeli oyedwa noma ngaphezulu noma abasebenzi bazongena ngokungenazibuko esikrinini sokuhlola nokuthi indawo eminyene yomkhumbi ohamba ngesikebhe izokwandisa ukudluliswa kwe-coronavirus. Izakhamizi ezihamba ngezikebhe eHawaii (Hilo, Kahului, Lihue, naseHonolulu) nazo zingakhathazeka ngesimo sempilo sokwehla kwabagibeli nabasebenzi noma ngabe baqinisekisiwe ukuthi abanalo igciwane. Ngokuphelele, kunzima ukucabanga ngemikhumbi yokuhamba ngomkhumbi eqala kabusha ukusebenza phakathi kweziqhingi noma phakathi kweHawaii nezindawo ezingaphesheya kwezilwandle kuze kutholakale umuthi wokugoma bese bonke abagibeli nabasebenzi begonyiwe. 

Imikhawulo yokuhamba phakathi kweziqhingi ingaxegiswa noma isuswe nini? Imikhawulo yokuhamba phakathi kwanoma iziphi iziqhingi ingakhululeka lapho zombili iziqhingi zihlangabezane nemibandela emine (ebekwe ngenhla) yokuphumula kwama-oda okuhlala ekhaya. Siyabona ukuthi iziqhingi ezinabantu abancane, njengeKauai, zingakhathazeka kakhulu ngokwanda kwezivakashi ezivela esiqhingini esinabantu abaningi kakhulu, njenge-Oahu. Ukuhamba phakathi kweziqhingi ngabahlali ngezikhathi zokuvakasha noma ukuvakashelwa komndeni nakho kungenzeka kube nomkhawulo ngandlela thile ngenxa yokwehliswa okukhulu kwemali engenayo kanye nengcebo yemindeni eminingi yaseHawaii. 

Isiphetho

Kunezici eziningi ezingenza futhi mhlawumbe zinganciphise isimo sethemba.
Abavakashi abaningi abangahle babe khona, ikakhulukazi abavela kubantu abasengozini, banganquma ukuhlehlisa ukuthatha iholidi kuze kutholakale umuthi wokugoma. Kungani uthathe ingozi engadingekile? Abanye bangathatha isinqumo sokufaka amaholide ashibhile eduze nasekhaya ukonga imali noma bathathe isinqumo sokungathathi iholide ngenxa yokwehla kwemali engenayo yasekhaya kanye nengcebo. Abanye bangaqhubeka nokubona ukuthi ukuhamba ibanga elide kungaba yingozi. Abanye bangathola ukuthi indawo oya kuyo ayikhangi kangako ngoba ayivumeli imibuthano emikhulu, isb. Imihlangano emikhulu. Kulesi simo esiphakathi nendawo, sibone ukuqala kabusha okulinganiselwe kwezokuvakasha kuze kube yilapho kugonywa abantu baseMelika nabangaphandle. Ekugcineni, ezokuvakasha zaseJapan ziqale kabusha kancane kakhulu ngemuva kwezinye izingqinamba zepolitiki nezomnotho. Ukubuya kancane kwabavakashi baseJapan nabanye bakwamanye amazwe kuzosinda kakhulu emabhizinisini athinta ezokuvakasha eHawaii njengoba lezi zivakashi zivame ukusebenzisa imali engaphezu kwezivakashi zase-US. 

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi imikhumbi yokuhamba ngesikebhe iqhubeke nohambo oluphakathi kweziQhingi zaseHawaii uma bonke abagibeli namalungu omsebenzi emkhunjini beletha imiphumela eqinisekisiwe yokuhlolwa kwe-antigen noma i-antibody lapho kugibela? Ukusabalala okusheshayo kwe-coronavirus emikhunjini yemikhumbi kushiya lokhu kungabazeka. Ukukhathazeka kuzosala ukuthi umgibeli oyedwa noma ngaphezulu noma abasebenzi bazongena ngokungenazibuko esikrinini sokuhlola nokuthi indawo eminyene yomkhumbi ohamba ngesikebhe izokwandisa ukudluliswa kwe-coronavirus. Izakhamizi ezihamba ngezikebhe eHawaii (Hilo, Kahului, Lihue, naseHonolulu) nazo zingakhathazeka ngesimo sempilo sokwehla kwabagibeli nabasebenzi noma ngabe baqinisekisiwe ukuthi abanalo igciwane. Ngokuphelele, kunzima ukucabanga ngemikhumbi yokuhamba ngomkhumbi eqala kabusha ukusebenza phakathi kweziqhingi noma phakathi kweHawaii nezindawo ezingaphesheya kwezilwandle kuze kutholakale umuthi wokugoma bese bonke abagibeli nabasebenzi begonyiwe. 

Imikhawulo yokuhamba phakathi kweziqhingi ingaxegiswa noma isuswe nini? Imikhawulo yokuhamba phakathi kwanoma iziphi iziqhingi ingakhululeka lapho zombili iziqhingi zihlangabezane nemibandela emine (ebekwe ngenhla) yokuphumula kwama-oda okuhlala ekhaya. Siyabona ukuthi iziqhingi ezinabantu abancane, njengeKauai, zingakhathazeka kakhulu ngokwanda kwezivakashi ezivela esiqhingini esinabantu abaningi kakhulu, njenge-Oahu. Ukuhamba phakathi kweziqhingi ngabahlali ngezikhathi zokuvakasha noma ukuvakashelwa komndeni nakho kungenzeka kube nomkhawulo ngandlela thile ngenxa yokwehliswa okukhulu kwemali engenayo kanye nengcebo yemindeni eminingi yaseHawaii. 

Mayelana Ababhali 

USumner La Croix nguProfesa Emeritus we-UH Economics kanye noMuntu Ocwaninga e-University of Hawaii Economic Research Organisation. 

UTim Brown unguMuntu Ophakeme e-East-West Centre.


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Incwadi Entsha:
ISumner La Croix, IHawaii: Iminyaka Engu-800 Yezinguquko Kwezombusazwe Nezomnotho.  IChicago neLondon: University of Chicago Press, 2019. Thenga ama-hardcover noma ama-Kindle editions ku Amazon.com noma uthenge noma uqashe incwadi ku Inyuvesi yaseChicago Press.

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I-avatar ka-Juergen T Steinmetz

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UJuergen Thomas Steinmetz ubelokhu esebenza ngokuqhubekayo embonini yezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha kusukela esemusha eJalimane (1977).
Wasungula eTurboNews ngo-1999 njengencwajana yokuqala ye-inthanethi embonini yezokuvakasha yezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele.

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