IMalawi idinga imali yokuqinisa ukubuyiswa kwezokuvakasha kancane

IMalawi idinga imali yokuqinisa ukubuyiswa kwezokuvakasha kancane
IMalawi idinga imali yokuqinisa ukubuyiswa kwezokuvakasha kancane
I-avatar kaHarry Johnson
Ibhalwe ngu UHarry Johnson

Njengoba abavakashi bephuza ukubuya, iMalawi ibheka ezinye izindlela ezihambisanayo zokuhambisa imiphakathi ethembele kwezokuvakasha.

“Abantu abahlala eduze kweKasungu National Park bathembele kwezokuvakasha kanye nezolimo. Ukuqala kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kwabulala ezokuvakasha futhi kwaphazamisa izimakethe zasemakhaya. Kwakuyinhlekelele kubantu abaningi bendawo.”

Le mibono emiphumeleni yobhubhane nxazonke I-Kasungu National Park eMalawi nguMalidadi Langa, usihlalo weKasungu Wildlife Conservation for Community Development Association (KAWICCODA), baboniswa kwenye indawo ezweni nasezwenikazi lase-Afrika njengemingcele yokuhamba ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19 kuphazamise ezokuvakasha nohwebo lwasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. ngo-2020 nango-2021.

“Ngisho nangaphambi kwe-COVID-19, ezokuvakasha zazingelona inhlamvu yesiliva yokunciphisa ubumpofu. Akufani nokuthi le miphakathi ivele yaceba kwezokuvakasha. Abaningi bebevele bedonsa kanzima,” kusho uLanga, echaza ukuthi abasafufusa ababambe iqhaza ochungechungeni lwenani lezokuvakasha ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane babengenayo imali yokumelana nemiphumela yokuphazamiseka kwebhizinisi isikhathi eside.

“Umthelela ubudlangile. Abantu abathengisa ama-curios, abahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo, nabasebenza ezindaweni zokulala bavele bangabi namali, ngezinye izikhathi bangathengi ngisho nokudla kwalolo suku. Kwakukhona abaqondisi bezivakashi okwakudingeka babe abadobi. Abesilisa nabesifazane babegawula izihlahla zamalahle. Abantu bebephelelwe yithemba,” kusho uBrighten Ndawala weMangochi-Salima Lake Park Association (MASALAPA). Inhlangano isiza ukuphatha ukwabiwa kwemali etholwa yiLake Malawi National Park nemiphakathi ehlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yepaki.

“Ukudla impahla yethu”

UFranciwell Phiri, uMqondisi Ophethe ku-Small Steps Adventure Tours in Malawi, yathi, “Sicishe sawa njengebhizinisi. Kusukela kubasebenzi abangu-10, sisele nabaqondisi abathathu abakhokhelwa kuphela umsebenzi othile. Inkampani yakhe iphinde yathembela kakhulu kubaqondisi bendawo abazimele eMalawi, ababaqeqesha futhi babakhokhela uhambo ngalunye “ukuze bakwazi ukuziphilisa ngezinto ezihehayo bona nemiphakathi yabo abasiza ukuyivikela. Nomaphi lapho sasihamba khona, sasiseka imiphakathi ngokuthenga ukudla nemikhiqizo yayo. Siphinde sanikeza ngendawo yokuhlala emakhaya, lapho izivakashi zibamba iqhaza empilweni njengoba kwenzeka, futhi imiphakathi - ikakhulukazi abesifazane - ingathola imali edingeka kakhulu."

Inkampani yezokuvakasha ithwale kanzima ekubuyiselweni kwemali kanye nokukhokha imali ebekiwe yokukhanselwa, kanti uPhiri echaza ukuboleka imali eMalawi ngokuthi “akunakwenzeka” uma kubhekwa amanani enzalo ephezulu. “Besidla impahla yethu. Sathengisa futhi salahlekelwa izinto ezifana nezimoto zethu ebesizisebenzele ukuze sizikhokhele eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule. Izibazi zijulile, futhi kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuba ziphole,” kusho uPhiri, ongazange aqhubeke nokunikeza abahambi bendawo amanani akhethekile nokusebenzisa ulwazi analo ngamagugu acebile aseMalawi ukuze enze izethulo nezinkulumo emabhizinisini ukuze alethe imali encane. wemali.

“Kumele sibuyelwe yimishini ukuze siphinde sincintisane emakethe. Okuwukuphela kwethemba lethu izinhlangano ezifuna ukusekela ama-SME. Siyajabula ukubuyisela imali mboleko. Sidinga amagama avumayo kuphela,” kusho uPhiri.

Imithelela ye-COVID-19

Eminyakeni eyishumi ngaphambi kuka-2020, ezokuvakasha zamazwe ngamazwe eMalawi zazikhula kancane kancane. Ngo-2019, isamba somnikelo womkhakha wezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha ku-GDP yezwe sasingu-6.7%, futhi lo mkhakha unikeze imisebenzi ecela ku-516,200. Kepha lapho i-COVID-19 ifika ngo-2020, inani eliphelele lezokuvakasha ku-GDP lehla laya ku-3.2%, nokulahleka kwemisebenzi eyi-167,000 emkhakheni wezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha.

“Kukhulu lokhu. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yemisebenzi yezwe kulo mkhakha ilahlekile, kwathinta abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi abathembele kwezokuvakasha ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo zansuku zonke,” kusho uNikhil Advani weWWF. Ungumphathi wohlelo lwe-Africa Nature-Based Tourism Platform, exoxisane namabhizinisi angama-50 ahlobene nezokuvakasha eMalawi ezinyangeni ezilandela ukuqala kwalolu bhubhane. Ngokusho kwedatha eqoqiwe, akekho obekwazi ukusimamisa imisebenzi emazingeni angaphambi kobhubhane ngaphandle kwezimali eziphuthumayo. “Iningi lathi lingathanda lezi zimali zibe ngezemalimboleko ephansi noma izibonelelo, kodwa ukukhetha uhlobo loxhaso lwezimali kwakuseceleni kokuthi zidingeka ngokushesha kangakanani,” kuphawula u-Advani.

I-African Nature-based Tourism Platform

Le nkundla yethulwe ngo-2021 ngo-$1.9 million ovela ku-Global Environment Facility (GEF), le nkundla isebenza nabalingani bendawo eMalawi nakwamanye amazwe ayi-10 ukuhlanganisa okungenani amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-15 ukuze kusekelwe imiphakathi esengozini kakhulu ye-COVID-19 ehlala futhi. ezindaweni ezivikelekile futhi ezibandakanya kwezokuvakasha ezemvelo. I-KAWICCODA inguzakwethu wenkundla ye-African Nature-based eMalawi, izwe elinezinto eziningi ezikhangayo zemvelo, njengeLake Malawi, amapaki kazwelonke, kanye nezindawo eziheha amasiko nezomlando.

“Ngemva kokuphothula isigaba sokuqoqwa kolwazi, i-African Nature-Based Tourism Platform iphinde yasekela i-KAWICCODA ukuthi ilungiselele futhi ilethe isiphakamiso sezimali ku-BIOPAMA Medium Grants Facility for an Alternative Livelihoods Project njengempendulo eqondile ekuwohlokeni kwezokuvakasha okuhlobene ne-COVID-19. I-Kasungu National Park. Noma ngabe i-KAWICCODA iyayithola isibonelelo sikahulumeni noma cha, uhlelo lokuthuthukisa isiphakamiso ngokwalo beluyivelakancane futhi lubalulekile ukufunda i-KAWICCODA ehlala ibonga ngalo kwiPlatform,” kusho uLanga.

Ukululama kancane

Yize iMalawi isuse imikhawulo eminingi yokuhamba - kusukela ngomhlaka-1 kuJuni 2022, abahambi bangangena eMalawi nesitifiketi sokugoma noma ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR okungenayo - abahambi bephuze ukubuya, kusho uNdwala, olinganisela ukuthi abasanda kufika eLake Malawi National Park okungenani ngama-80% aphansi kunangaphambi kobhubhane.

“Ngicabanga ukuthi into enkulu esiyifundayo wukuthi iningi labantu ababambe iqhaza kwezokuvakasha belithembele ngo-100% kwezokuvakasha, kanti nethuba lokuthi libhidlizwe alizange libhekwe, ngakho abantu bebengazilungiselele. Imiphakathi ethembele kwezokuvakasha idinga usizo lokwenza imisebenzi yayo iqine futhi isungule amanye amabhizinisi angalekelela ezokuvakasha. Akukhona nje ngemali. Imayelana namakhono okuhlela nokuphatha izimali,” kusho uNdawala.

Cishe u-50% womhlaba waseMalawi usuvele usetshenziselwe ezolimo. Noma kunjalo, lezi zimakethe nazo zathinteka yilolu bhubhane, futhi imiphakathi yasemakhaya yayinezinketho ezimbalwa zokuthola imali yokuthenga ukudla kanye nokukhokha imali yesikole. “Ngaphandle kwalokho, lo bhubhane ubonakale ubhebhethekisa ukungezwani phakathi kwezindawo ezivikelwe kanye nomphakathi. Ukugetshengwa nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kube yinto engokwemvelo ngoba abantu baphendukela emvelweni ukuze bathole okuthile abangathola kukho imali noma ukudla ngokushesha ukuze baphile,” usho kanje.

IMalawi yaziwa ngokukhiqiza kwayo amalahle, okuyiwona adala ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, njengoba abantu basemaphandleni bekhiqiza izikhwama zezinkuni ezishile ukuze bazithengise emgwaqweni kubashayeli bamaloli ukuze baziphilise. Futhi yize iBhange Lomhlaba linikeze amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-US $86 ekuxhaseni ngezimali amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi eMalawi ngoSepthemba 2020, lezo zimali zasebenza kuphela ukudambisa izinkinga ezibangelwa yilolu bhubhane, kanti nokwesekwa okwengeziwe sekudingeka (World Bank, 2020).

Ukuqeda indlala

Ezinkampanini ezingu-50 ezahlolwa eMalawi, cishe wonke umuntu wabonisa isithakazelo endleleni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yokukhiqiza ukudla njengenye indlela yokuthola imali ezokuvakasha. Amabhizinisi amaningi ayethanda ukufuya izinyosi, ukukhiqizwa kwejusi yezithelo, kanye nokufuya izinyoni zezinyoni. Iningi liphinde lakhuluma ngokukhiqizwa kwamakhowe nokudayiswa kwezithombo zezihlahla.

“Le miphakathi isivele yenza izinto eziningi: ukulima ummbila, amantongomane agayiwe nesoya, nokufuywa kwezinyosi. Ngosizo bangakwazi ukuzimela, kusho uNdawala, okholelwa ukuthi bayahluleka ngenxa yokuthi “badayisa izilimo eziluhlaza bese benza okuncane kakhulu. Ukwengeza inani kulezi zitshalo kungenza umehluko wangempela. Amantongomane agayiwe ayengenziwa abe ibhotela lamantongomane. Isoya ingakhiqiza ubisi.”

NgokukaMatias Elisa, obesebenza njengomphathi womphakathi eKasungu National Park ngesikhathi sodlame, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuphinde kuthinte imiphakathi ethembele kwezolimo ephoqeleka ukuthi izingele noma ingene epaki ukuze iphile. Njengoba indlala iyingozi ngempela kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezikude nezisemaphandleni, ukholelwa ukuthi imizamo yokubuyisela kufanele igxile ekusizeni abantu ukuba bazimele.

“Esizama ukukufeza nge-African Nature-based Tourism Platform wukumelana nezimo ezishaqisayo ezizayo, kungaba yizifo eziwumshayabhuqe, noma ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma izinhlekelele zanoma yiluphi uhlobo,” kusho u-Advani, onethemba lokuthi abaxhasi bezimali bazobona amandla okuxhasa. abasengozini kakhulu ezindleleni zokuziphilisa ezilungele nemvelo.

Ukuthuthukisa abesifazane

Abesifazane basengozini ikakhulukazi. Ngokwencwadi kaDisemba 2021 yeBhange Lomhlaba ekhuluma ngokuvula ukukhula komnotho waseMalawi ngokuvala igebe elikhulayo lobulili kubasebenzi, cishe u-59% wabesifazane abaqashiwe kanye nama-44% amadoda aqashiwe asebenza kwezolimo, okuwumkhakha omkhulu wokuqashwa kwabantu eMalawi. Izinkambu eziphethwe abesilisa zikhiqiza isivuno esiphezulu esingu-25% kunaleso esiphethwe ngabesifazane. Futhi abasebenzi besifazane abaholayo bathola amasenti angu-64 (512 Malawi kwacha) ngedola ngalinye (≈800 Malawi kwacha) elitholwa ngamadoda.

Isethulo sikaJessica Kampanje-Phiri, (PhD), waseLilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, kanye noJoyce Njoloma, (PhD), we-World Agroforestry (ICRAF) eMalawi, sigcizelele isidingo sokuhlukanisa izindlela zokuziphilisa zabesifazane. Bebehambele umcimbi oseceleni kwi-NGO Forum yeKhomishini Yesimo Sabesifazane (CSW66) 2022, mayelana nokufukula abesifazane ekuvuseleleni umnotho oluhlaza kusuka ku-COVID-19. Baqaphele ukuthi igebe lobulili ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo kungenxa yokuthi abesifazane basebenzisa umhlaba ngendlela engalingani, abatholanga kalula abasebenzi basemapulazini kanye nokungabi namandla okuthola izinsiza zezolimo ezithuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe. Futhi nokuthi naphezu “kokukhula ukuqashelwa kobuthakathaka obuhlukahlukene kanye nolwazi oluyingqayizivele namakhono abesifazane namadoda abaletha ekuthuthukisweni nasemizamweni yokusimamisa imvelo, abesifazane basangakwazi ukubhekana nakho - futhi bachayeka kakhulu - emiphumeleni emibi yoshintsho. isimo sezulu kanye nobhubhane olufana ne-COVID-19. ”

Ukubuyisela okusekelwe emalungelweni

Umthetho Kazwelonke Wezilwane Zasendle wezwe uqinisekisa amalungelo abantu okuzuza kwezokuvakasha nokongiwa kwemvelo; ULanga ukholelwa ukuthi ngokwesekwa okufanele, okuhlanganisa nokukhulumela okunonya okuvela ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi ezifana ne-KAWICCODA, abantu baseMalawi - kuhlanganisa nabesifazane - bazothola izindlela zokuphathwa kwemithombo yemvelo okusekelwe emphakathini ukuze kube ngcono izimpilo zabo. NjengoSihlalo we-National CBNRM Forum, uLanga umele izinhlangano zaseMalawi Community Based Natural Resource Management kuSouthern Africa Community Leaders Network (CLN), elwela amalungelo omphakathi.

"Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwenza imiphakathi yendawo ithuthukiswe futhi sivikele izinzuzo esizenzile kwezokongiwa kwemvelo ezindaweni zethu ezivikelekile," esho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imali engenayo yezokuvakasha yenza ngcono inhlalakahle yemiphakathi yendawo futhi ikhuthaze ezokuvakasha zendawo emakethe yasekhaya kuyilapho kusungulwa amabhizinisi ahambisanayo ahambisana nemvelo. Kanye nenzuzo nokwabelana ngenzuzo, kunezinye izinselele ezizungeze ukungqubuzana kwabantu nezilwane zasendle, ukufinyelela ezinsizeni ezingaphakathi kwamapaki, nezindlela zokugcinwa komthetho nazo okufanele zixazululwe.

“Kuyo yonke i-Afrika eseningizimu, manje sesinethuba elincane lokuthi abantu bacabange kabusha ngamasu abo futhi bathuthukise amabhizinisi abo. Ngenxa yezinhlelo ezifana ne-African Nature-based Tourism Platform, kunomuzwa wethemba lokuthi singaba nokuthile okungcono kunangaphambili ngokusekelwa okufanele. Akufanele sikuchithe lokho,” usho kanje.





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UHarry Johnson ube ngumhleli wesabelo se- eTurboNews iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Uhlala e-Honolulu, eHawaii, futhi udabuka eYurophu. Uyakujabulela ukubhala nokubika izindaba.

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