Ukuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu? Yebo, izwe lakini likulolu hlu!

Bangaphezu kwebhiliyoni abavakashi abavakashela umhlaba njalo ngonyaka. Lokhu kufanele kuthumele umyalezo wokuthula ngezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele.

Bangaphezu kwebhiliyoni abavakashi abavakashela umhlaba njalo ngonyaka. Lokhu kufanele kuthumele umyalezo wokuthula ngezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngeshwa i-inthanethi, izinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nokuvakasha komuntu siqu kungenzeka kwenze ukuxhumana kwabantu kwaba lula, kodwa ohulumeni cishe kuwo wonke amazwe kulo mhlaba bavumela ukuhlukumeza amalungelo abantu. Izwe lakho libekwe kanjani ngamalungelo abantu, inkululeko yabezindaba?

I-Amnesty International ikhipha umbiko wayo wezi-2014/2015.
Ungalanda umbiko futhi uthole uhlu lwamaphutha cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Umphumela ngezinye izikhathi uyashaqisa.

NgokukaSalil Shetty, uNobhala-Jikelele we-Amestry International, lona kube unyaka omubi kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukulwela amalungelo abantu nalabo ababanjwe ukuhlupheka kwezindawo zempi.

Ohulumeni bakusho ngomlomo ukubaluleka kokuvikela izakhamuzi. Futhi nokho osopolitiki bomhlaba behlulekile ngokudabukisayo ukuvikela labo abadinga kakhulu. I-Amnesty International ikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungashintsha futhi kufanele ekugcineni kuguquke.

Umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wosizo lwabantu - umthetho olawula ukuziphatha kwezingxabano - ubungeke ucace kangcono. Ukuhlasela akufanele nanini kuqondiswe kubantu abavamile. Umgomo wokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezakhamuzi namasosha uyisivikelo esibalulekile kubantu ababanjwe yizimpi ezesabekayo.

Nokho, ngokuphindaphindiwe, izakhamuzi zazithwala kanzima ezingxabanweni. Onyakeni wokukhumbula iminyaka engu-20 kwabulawa abantu baseRwanda, osopolitiki banyathela kaningi imithetho evikela izakhamuzi - noma babheka eceleni ukwephulwa okubulalayo kwale mithetho okwenziwa abanye.
UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN wehlulekile kaningi ukulungisa inkinga yaseSyria eminyakeni edlule, lapho inqwaba yezimpilo bezingasindiswa. Lokho kwehluleka kwaqhubeka ngo-2014. Eminyakeni emine edlule, bangaphezu kuka-200,000 abantu asebeshonile - okuyizakhamuzi eziningi kakhulu - futhi ikakhulukazi ekuhlaselweni ngamasosha kahulumeni. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezi-4 abavela eSyria sebengababaleki kwamanye amazwe. Bangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisi-7.6 abangenamakhaya eSyria.

 Iqembu elihlomile elizibiza nge-Islamic State (IS, ngaphambili i-ISIS), elibhekene namacala ezempi eSyria, seliqhubekile nokuthumba, ukubulala ngendlela yokubulala, kanye nokuhlanzwa kwezinhlanga ngezinga elikhulu enyakatho ye-Iraq. Ngokufanayo, amasosha ase-Iraq eShi'a athumba futhi abulala inqwaba yezakhamizi zamaSunni, ngokwesekwa buthule kukahulumeni wase-Iraq.

Ukuhlasela kukaJulayi eGaza ngamasosha akwa-Israel kudale ukulahleka kwemiphefumulo yabantu abangama-2,000 basePalestine. Kodwa futhi, iningi lalabo - okungenani i-1,500 - babeyizakhamuzi. Umgomo wawunjengoba i-Amnesty International yasho ekuhlaziyeni okuningiliziwe, okwakuphawulwa ngokunganaki okungenangqondo futhi kwakuhilela ubugebengu bempi. I-Hamas iphinde yenza amacala empi ngokudubula amarokhethi angakhethi kwa-Israel kwashona abantu abayisithupha.

ENigeria, ingxabano enyakatho phakathi kwamasosha kahulumeni neqembu elihlomile iBoko Haram yagqashuka emhlabeni wonke ngokuthunjwa, yiBoko Haram, kwamantombazane esikole angu-276 edolobheni laseChibok, okungelinye lamacala amaningi enziwa yileli qembu. Okungaphawulwanga ngamacala asabekayo enziwa umbutho wezokuvikela waseNigeria nalabo abasebenza nawo ngokumelene nabantu okukholakala ukuthi bangamalungu noma abalandeli beBoko Haram, amanye awo aqoshwa ngevidiyo, adalulwe yi-Amnesty International ngo-Agasti; izidumbu zababulewe zaphonswa ethuneni elikhulu.

ECentral African Republic, kwafa abangaphezu kuka-5,000 XNUMX odlameni lwamahlelo naphezu kokuba khona kwamabutho omhlaba. Ukuhlukunyezwa, ukudlwengulwa kanye nokubulawa kwabantu abaningi akuzange kubonakale emakhasini okuqala omhlaba. Nokho, iningi lalabo abafa kwakungabantu abavamile.

Futhi eSouth Sudan - izwe elisha kunazo zonke emhlabeni - amashumi ezinkulungwane zezakhamizi zabulawa kwathi izigidi ezimbili zabaleka amakhaya azo empini phakathi kukahulumeni namaqembu aphikisayo. Amacala ezimpi kanye nobugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini benziwa nhlangothi zombili.

Uhlu olungenhla - njengoba lo mbiko wakamuva waminyaka yonke mayelana nesimo samalungelo abantu emazweni angu-160 ubonisa ngokusobala - kancane kancane uqala ukuzwakala. Abanye bangase baphikise ngokuthi akukho okungenziwa, ukuthi impi ibilokhu ilimaza izakhamuzi, nokuthi akukho okungashintsha.

Lokhu akulungile. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nokwephulwa kwemithetho yabantu, kanye nokuletha enkantolo labo abathintekayo. Isinyathelo esisodwa esisobala nesisebenzayo sisalinde ukuthathwa: I-Amnesty International isamukele isiphakamiso, manje esesekwa ohulumeni ababalelwa ku-40, sokuthi uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN wamukele indlela yokuziphatha evuma ngokuzithandela ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-veto ngendlela engavimba. Isenzo soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha ezimeni zokuqothulwa kohlanga, ubugebengu bezimpi kanye nobugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini.

Leso kungaba isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile, futhi esingasindisa izimpilo eziningi.
Ukwehluleka, nokho, akubanga nje mayelana nokuvimbela unya olukhulu. Usizo oluqondile lunqatshiwe futhi ezigidini ezibalekile odlameni olugubuzele amadolobhana namadolobhana abo.
Labo hulumeni abebezimisele kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokuzwakalayo ngokwehluleka kwabanye ohulumeni bakhombise ukungabaza ukuqhubekela phambili nokuhlinzeka ngosizo olubalulekile oludingwa yilabo ababaleki - ngokosizo lwezezimali, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokuhlaliswa kabusha. Cishe u-2% wababaleki abavela eSyria base behlaliswe kabusha ekupheleni kuka-2014 - inani okufanele okungenani liphindwe kathathu ngo-2015.

Khonamanjalo, inani elikhulu lababaleki kanye nabafuduki balahlekelwa izimpilo zabo oLwandle iMedithera njengoba bezama kanzima ukufinyelela ogwini lwaseYurophu. Ukushoda kokusekelwa kwamanye Amazwe Angamalungu e-EU emisebenzini yokucinga nokuhlenga kube nomthelela ekushoneni kwabantu okushaqisayo.

Esinye isinyathelo esingase sithathwe ukuze kuvikelwe izakhamuzi ezingqubuzanayo kungaba ukubekela imingcele ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali eziqhuma ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Lokhu bekuzosindisa izimpilo eziningi e-Ukraine, lapho abahlukanisi abasekelwa yiRussia (naphezu kokuphika okungagculiseki kombiko ka-Amnesty International 2014/15)  kanye ne-Moscow ngokubandakanyeka kwayo. Amabutho e-Kyiv womabili aqondise ezindaweni ezihlala abantu.

Ukubaluleka kwemithetho yokuvikela izakhamuzi kusho ukuthi kumele kube nokuziphendulela kweqiniso kanye nobulungiswa uma le mithetho yephulwa. Kulowo mongo, i-Amnesty International iyasamukela isinqumo se-UN Human Rights Council e-Geneva sokuqalisa uphenyo lwamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nezinsolo zokwephulwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana eSri Lanka, lapho ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokugcina zokungqubuzana ngo-2009. amashumi ezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zabulawa. I-Amnesty International iye yakhankasela lolu phenyo eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Ngaphandle kokuziphendulela okunjalo, asikwazi ukuqhubekela phambili.

Ezinye izindawo zamalungelo abantu ziqhubekile nokudinga ukuthuthukiswa. EMexico, ukunyamalala okuphoqelelwe kwabafundi abangama-43 ngoSepthemba kwaba isengezo esidabukisayo sakamuva kubantu abangaphezu kuka-22,000 asebenyamalele noma banyamalala.
waduka eMexico kusukela ngo-2006; iningi kukholakala ukuthi lithunjwe amaqembu ezigebengu, kodwa abaningi kubikwa ukuthi bake banyamalala ngenkani ngamaphoyisa namasosha, kwesinye isikhathi besebenzisana nalawo maqembu. Izisulu ezimbalwa ezitholakale izidumbu zazo zikhombisa izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa nokunye ukuphathwa kabi. Iziphathimandla zikahulumeni kanye nezifundazwe zehlulekile ukuphenya lawa macala ukuze kutholwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukubandakanyeka kwama-ejenti ombuso kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izisulu zithatha izinyathelo ezingokomthetho ezisebenzayo, okuhlanganisa nezihlobo zazo. Ngaphezu kokungaphenduli, uhulumeni uzame ukuvala inkinga yamalungelo abantu futhi kube nezinga eliphezulu lokungajeziswa, inkohlakalo kanye nokuqhubeka kwezempi.

Ngo-2014, ohulumeni ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba baqhubeka nokugxeka ama-NGO kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi - okunye ukuncoma okuphambene nokubaluleka kwendima yomphakathi. I-Russia yandisa ukuqina kwayo “ngomthetho wamanxusa angaphandle” othusayo, ohambisana nolimi lweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. E-Egypt, ama-NGOs abone ukuqhuma okukhulu, kusetshenziswa umthetho we-Mubarak-era Law on Associations ukuthumela umyalezo oqinile wokuthi uhulumeni ngeke akubekezelele noma yikuphi ukuphikisa. Izinhlangano ezihola phambili ezilwela amalungelo abantu kudingeke ukuthi zihoxe ohlelweni lwe-Universal Periodic Review loMkhandlu Wamalungelo Abantu we-UN werekhodi lamalungelo abantu lase-Egypt ngenxa yokwesaba ukuziphindiselela.
Njengoba kuye kwenzeka ezikhathini eziningi ezedlule, ababhikishi babonise isibindi naphezu kwezinsongo nobudlova obubhekiswe kubo.

E-Hong Kong, amashumi ezinkulungwane aphikisana nezinsongo ezisemthethweni futhi abhekana nokusebenzisa amandla ngokweqile nokungafanele ngamaphoyisa, kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi “ukunyakaza kwezambulela”, esebenzisa amalungelo awo ayisisekelo enkululeko yokukhuluma nokuhlangana.

Izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu kwesinye isikhathi zisolwa ngokuba nesifiso esikhulu emaphusheni ethu okudala ushintsho. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izinto ezingavamile zingenzeka.

Mhla zingama-24 kuZibandlela, iSivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngezikhali samazwe ngamazwe saqala ukusebenza, ngemva kokuba umngcele wokugunyazwa okungu-50 weqiwe ezinyangeni ezintathu ngaphambili.

I-Amnesty International kanye nabanye babekhankasele lesi sivumelwano iminyaka engu-20. Satshelwa kaningi ukuthi isivumelwano esinjalo sasingenakufezwa. Lesi sivumelwano sesikhona manje, futhi sizokwenqabela ukudayiswa kwezikhali kulabo abangase bazisebenzise ekwenzeni izenzo zonya. Ngakho-ke ingadlala indima ebalulekile eminyakeni ezayo - lapho umbuzo wokuqaliswa uzoba ukhiye.
Unyaka wezi-2014 ubugubha iminyaka engama-30 selokhu kwamukelwa iNgqungquthela Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yokuhlushwa - enye iNgqungquthela eyakhankasela i-Amnesty International iminyaka eminingi, kanye nesizathu esisodwa esenza le nhlangano yaklonyeliswa ngendondo yeNobel Peace Prize ngo-1977.

Lo mgubho waminyaka yonke ube umzuzu wokugubha ngandlela thize – kodwa futhi umzuzwana wokuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kusalokhu kugcwele emhlabeni wonke, okuyisizathu esenze i-Amnesty International yethule umkhankaso wayo womhlaba wonke we-Stop Torture kulo nyaka.

Lo mlayezo wokulwa nokuhlukunyezwa uthole ukuzwakala okukhethekile kulandela ukushicilelwa kombiko weSigele saseMelika ngoDisemba, owabonisa ukulungela ukuhlukunyezwa eminyakeni yangemva kokuhlaselwa kwe-USA ngomhla ziyi-11 kuSepthemba 2001. Kube sobala ukuthi abanye  balabo abathinteka ezenzweni zobugebengu zokuhlukumeza babonakala besakholelwa ukuthi akukho abangaba namahloni ngakho.

Ukusuka eWashington kuya eDamaseku, ukusuka e-Abuja kuya eColombo, abaholi bakahulumeni baye bathethelela ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu okuhlasimulisayo ngokukhuluma ngesidingo sokugcina izwe “liphephile”. Eqinisweni, okuphambene kunjalo. Ukwephulwa okunjalo kuyisizathu esibalulekile esenza siphile ezweni eliyingozi kangaka namuhla. Angeke kube khona ukuvikeleka ngaphandle kwamalungelo abantu.

Siye sabona kaningi ukuthi, ngisho nangezikhathi ezibonakala zilufifi ngamalungelo abantu - futhi mhlawumbe ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezinjalo - kungenzeka ukudala ushintsho olumangalisayo.

Kufanele sithembe ukuthi, uma sibheka emuva ku-2014 eminyakeni ezayo, lokho esaphila kukho ngo-2014 kuzobonakala njenge-nadir - iphuzu eliphansi kakhulu - lapho sasukuma khona futhi sakha ikusasa elingcono.

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Isithombe sikaLinda Hohnholz

Linda Hohnholz

Umhleli omkhulu we eTurboNews ezinze eTN HQ.

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