Abanikazi bamapasi abanokufinyelela okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni wonke njengamanje yibo abavinjelwe kakhulu futhi abamanqikanqika ukujabulela inkululeko yabo yokuhamba, ngokwemiphumela yakamuva evela ku-Henley Passport Index, esekelwe emininingwaneni ekhethekile nesemthethweni evela ku- Inhlangano Yezindiza Yezindiza Yomhlaba Wonke (IATA).
I-Japan ibambe indawo yokuqala ohlwini lwenkomba - izinga langempela lawo wonke amaphasipoti omhlaba ngokwenani lezindawo abanikazi bazo abangafinyelela kuzo ngaphandle kwe-visa yangaphambili - enerekhodi eliphezulu lama-visa-free noma amaphuzu e-visa-on-arrival angu-193. , kuyilapho iSingapore neNingizimu Korea zihlangana ngokuhlanganyela-2nd indawo, enamaphuzu angu-192.
Kepha naphezu kokufinyelela okungenakuqhathaniswa nokungakaze kubonwe emhlabeni wonke okunikezwe izakhamizi zalezi zizwe ezintathu emlandweni wenkomba weminyaka engu-17, isidingo sabagibeli bamazwe ngamazwe esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific sesifinyelele kuphela ku-17% wamazinga angaphambi kwe-Covid, ngokusho kwezibalo zakamuva ze-IATA, njengoba lehle ngaphansi kuka-10% isikhathi esiningi seminyaka emibili edlule. Lesi sibalo sisemuva kakhulu kumkhuba womhlaba lapho izimakethe zase-Europe naseNyakatho Melika sezibuyele emazingeni acishe abe ngu-60% wamazinga okuhamba angaphambi kwenhlekelele.
Ephawula ku-Henley Global Mobility Report 2022 Q3, uDkt Marie Owens Thomsen, oyiChief Economist kwa-IATA, uthi izinombolo zabagibeli kufanele zifinyelele ku-83% wamazinga angaphambi kobhubhane ngo-2022. amazinga obhubhane, kuyilapho silindele ukuthi lokhu kube njalo embonini yonke ngo-2024. ”
I-European Union (EU) amazwe angamalungu aphethe zonke ezinye izindawo eziyishumi eziphezulu ohlwini lwakamuva, iJalimane neSpain zihlangene-3rd indawo, enokufinyelela ezindaweni eziyi-190 ezingenama-visa. IFinland, i-Italy, neLuxembourg ilandela ngemuva ngokuhlanganyela-4th indawo enezindawo ezingu-189, kanti iDenmark, iNetherlands, neSweden bahlanganyela ezi-5th indawo nabaphethe amaphasipoti bakwazi ukuya ezindaweni eziyi-188 emhlabeni jikelele ngaphandle kwe-visa. Kokubili i-UK ne-US behle ngezinga, bafinyelela ku-6th futhi 7th indawo, ngokulandelana, futhi i-Afghanistan isalokhu iphansi kwenkomba, nabantu bayo abangakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezingama-27 emhlabeni jikelele mahhala.
Izinxushunxushu zokuhamba zasehlobo
Njengoba izinxushunxushu zokuhamba zase-US ziqala ukudamba kulandela iziteleka zangezimpelasonto zamaholide kaJulayi Okwesine kanye nokushoda kwabasebenzi kuphoqa izinkampani zezindiza kulo lonke elaseYurophu ukuthi zikhansele izinkulungwane zezindiza, okubangele imigqa ethatha amahora amaningi ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu. Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Heathrow size satshela izinkampani zezindiza ukuthi ziyeke ukuthengisa amathikithi ehlobo njengoba isikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu sase-UK sidonsa kanzima ukubhekana nokubuya kwendiza ekuhambeni.
UDkt Christian H. Kaelin, uSihlalo we-Henley & Partners kanye nomsunguli womqondo wenkomba yamapasi, uthi ukwanda kwakamuva kwesidingo akumangazi. "Imiphumela yakamuva evela ku-Henley Passport Index iyisikhumbuzo esiduduzayo sesifiso somuntu sokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke njengoba amanye amazwe eqhubekela ekuzihlukaniseni nasekuziphatheni kabi. Ukushaqeka kwalolu bhubhane bekungafani nanoma yini esiyibona empilweni yethu, futhi ukululama nokubuyiselwa kwenkululeko yethu yokuhamba, kanye nomzwelo wethu wemvelo wokuhamba nokufuduka kuzothatha isikhathi. ”
Ucwaningo olukhethekile luveza ukuthi amaphasipoti asezingeni eliphezulu abuyele emuva cishe kumazinga angaphambi kobhubhane mayelana nokufinyelela. Ngokuqhathanisa izinga lamanje lenkululeko yokuhamba nemikhawulo enzima kakhulu ehlobene ne-Covid ebekwe eminyakeni embalwa edlule, imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi abanikazi bamaphasiphothi base-UK nabase-US manje sebenokufinyelela okungenamkhawulo ezindaweni eziyi-158 emhlabeni jikelele (ngokungafani nabangama-74 no-56 nje kuphela. izindawo, ngokulandelana, ekuphakameni kwalolu bhubhane ngo-2020), kuyilapho abanikazi bamapasipoti baseJapan bejabulela ukufinyelela okungavinjelwe ezindaweni eziyi-161 (ngokungafani nama-76 kuphela ngo-2020).
Ngemuva kwezinyanga zalokho okwachazwa ngokuthi “ubandlululo lokuhamba”, lapho uhambo olusuka emazweni asathuthuka eGlobal South lwavinjwa ngempumelelo ngenkathi izakhamizi zamazwe acebile eGlobal North zenza inzuzo enkulu enkululekweni yokuhamba, amapasi asezingeni eliphansi nawo aseqala ukululama. . Abanikazi bamaphasiphothi baseNdiya manje banenkululeko yokuvakasha efanayo njengoba benza ngaphambi kobhubhane, nokufinyelela okungavinjelwe ezindaweni ezingama-57 emhlabeni jikelele (uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezingama-23 ngo-2020). Ngokufanayo, ngenkathi ikhawulelwe ezindaweni ezingama-46 kuphela ukuphakama kwegagasi le-Omicron ngo-2021, abanikazi bamapasi baseNingizimu Afrika manje sebenokufinyelela okungavinjelwe ezindaweni ezingama-95 emhlabeni jikelele, okuseduze nenani labo lamaphasiphothi angaphambi kobhubhane angu-105.
UChris Dix we-VFS Global, umhlinzeki wokucubungula ama-visa, uthi amanani ezicelo ze-visa phakathi kukaJanuwari noMeyi kulo nyaka akhule ngaphezu kwe-100% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. “Ngokuvulwa kwemingcele yamazwe ngamazwe, ukwehliswa kwemikhawulo yokuhamba, kanye nokuqalwa kabusha kwezindiza ezijwayelekile zamazwe ngamazwe, imboni njengamanje ibona inani eliphakeme 'lohambo lokuziphindiselela'. Isibonelo, e-India, izicelo ze-visa zenza isilinganiso esingaphezu kuka-20,000 ngosuku njengoba singena enkathini yamaholide kaJulayi–Agasti. Lezi zinombolo zifaka abahambi abavakashela e-Canada, Europe, nase-UK, kanye nezinye izindawo ezidumile. Silindele futhi inkathi yokuvakasha yasehlobo enwetshiwe kulo nyaka ngohambo lwamazwe ngamazwe oluhleliwe olusukela kuSepthemba.”
I-Russia iya ngokuya ihlukaniswa
Abanikazi bamapasipoti baseRussia banqanyulwe kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kunangaphambili, njengoba unswinyo, ukuvinjelwa kohambo, nokuvalwa kwendawo yezindiza kunciphisa izakhamizi zaseRussia ekufinyeleleni kuzo zonke izindawo ngaphandle kwezimbalwa e-Asia naseMiddle East. Ipasipoti yaseRussia okwamanje ihlezi ku-50th beka kunkomba, nge-visa-free noma i-visa-free ekufikeni amaphuzu angu-119. Nokho, ngenxa yokuvalwa kwendawo yezindiza emazweni angamalungu e-EU, e-Australia, eCanada, eJapane, eNew Zealand, eNingizimu Korea, e-US, nase-UK, Izakhamizi zaseRussia zivinjelwe ngempumelelo ukuthi zihambe amazwe amaningi athuthukile, ngaphandle kwe-Istanbul ne-Dubai, osekuyizindawo okugxilwe kuzo.
Ipasipoti yase-Ukraine njengamanje ibalwa ku-35th beka kunkomba, enabanikazi abakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni eziyi-144 emhlabeni jikelele ngaphandle kokudinga i-visa kusengaphambili. Ngokuphambene nemikhawulo eqinile ebekwe kubanikazi bamapasipoti baseRussia, abantu base-Ukraine abasuswa yizihlaseli banikezwe ilungelo lokuhlala nokusebenza e-EU kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu ngaphansi kohlelo oluphuthumayo ukuphendula lokho osekuphenduke inkinga enkulu yababaleki eYurophu kuleli khulu leminyaka. . Ngemva kwesimemezelo sakamuva se-EU, esivusa amadlingozi sokunikeza isikhundla sokuqokwa e-Ukraine, isinyathelo sokuqala sobulungu be-EU, inkululeko yokuhamba yabanikazi bamapasi base-Ukraine cishe izokwanda eminyakeni ezayo.
Ephawula ku-Henley Global Mobility Report 2022 Q3, uProf. UDkt. Khalid Koser OBE, Ilungu Lebhodi Elilawulayo le-Andan Foundation, uthi okungenani abantu base-Ukraine abayizigidi ezinhlanu balishiyile izwe labo, kanti abanye abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu baxoshwa ngaphakathi.
"Emhlabeni jikelele - hhayi nje waseYurophu - umongo, lezi izinombolo ezibaluleke kakhulu, okwenza abantu base-Ukraine babe yinani elikhulu lababaleki emhlabeni, kanye namaSyria, amaVenezuela kanye nama-Afghan."
Amazwe anokuthula anamapasi anamandla
Ucwaningo oluyingqayizivele olwenziwe ngabakwa-Henley & Partners beqhathanisa ukufinyelela kwezwe mahhala kwe-visa kanye nemiphumela ye-Global Peace Index lubonisa ukuhlobana okuqinile phakathi kwamandla epasipoti yesizwe nokuthula kwaso. Zonke izizwe ezihlezi kwabayishumi abaphezulu be-Henley Passport Index zingatholakala kwabayishumi abaphezulu be-Global Peace Index. Ngokufanayo, ezizweni ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Ephawula ngemiphumela ye-Henley Global Mobility Report 2022 Q3, uStephen Klimczuk-Massion, Osebenza naye e-Oxford University's Saïd Business School kanye neLungu LeKomidi Lokweluleka le-Andan Foundation, uthi “kuyalingana ukusho ukuthi siphila ngaphansi kobunzima obukhulu. isikhathi sezinxushunxushu emhlabeni wonke, njengoba lolu bhubhane lusaveza ithunzi elide kanye nentuthuko entsha efana nempi, ukwehla kwamandla emali, ukungazinzi kwezepolitiki kanye nezigameko zodlame ziya ngokuya zidlanga ezihlokweni. Kulo mongo, iphasiphothi iyikhadi lokushaya ucingo kunanini ngaphambili, okuthi, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ipasipoti oyiphethe nokuthi uyaphi, kuzoba nomthelela ohlotsheni lokwamukelwa ozokwamukela, lapho ungaya khona nokuthi uphephe kangakanani. yiba lapho ufika. Manje kunanini ngaphambili, kuyiphutha ukucabanga ngephasipoti njengencwadi nje yokuhamba ekuvumela ukuthi uthole ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-B. Amandla alinganiselwe noma ubuthakathaka bepasipoti kazwelonke ethile kuthinta ngokuqondile izinga lempilo yomnikazi wepasipoti futhi kungase ibe yindaba yokuphila nokufa kwezinye izimo.”
UProfesa uDkt. Yossi Harpaz, onguMsizi kaProfessor weSociology eNyuvesi yaseTel-Aviv, uphawula ukuthi phakathi kwabafuduki abalinganiselwa ku-300,000 abashiye iRussia kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kukhona izakhamuzi eziningi zezwe ezifunde kakhulu nezinezithende ezinhle. “Izikhulu ezicebile zibeka phezulu kakhulu intando yeningi kanye nomthetho. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule ibonise ukuthi amazwe angewona awentando yeningi ngaphandle komthetho oqinile angase aphumelele ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kanye nokukhuphula ezinye zezakhamizi zawo engcebweni eningi. Kodwa izicukuthwane ezinemali eziphila ngaphansi kwemibuso enegunya zihlala zibheke imishwalense nezindlela zokuphuma ezingasiza ukuvikela impahla nokuphepha komuntu siqu. Abafuduki baseRussia, ngokwengxenye enkulu, abaphunyuki usongo oluqondile olungokomzimba. Kunalokho, izakhamuzi zaseRussia ezicebile zibonakala zihamba ukuze zigweme ukubambeka ezweni elincipha ngokukhululeka, elihlukanisiwe, nelingachumanga kangako.”
I-UAE inqobe ubhubhane
Kuso sonke isiphithiphithi seminyaka emibili edlule, into eyodwa elokhu ishintshile: amandla akhulayo epasipoti yase-UAE, manje ehlezi ku-15.th beka ezingeni, nge-visa-free noma i-visa-on-arrival score engu-176. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, izwe lenze izinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa njengomqwali omkhulu kunawo wonke ohlwini lwenkomba - ngo-2012, lihleli ku-64th beka ezilinganisweni, ngamaphuzu angu-106 nje. Njengoba i-Henley Private Wealth Migration Dashboard yakamuva ibonisa, i-UAE isiphinde yaba indawo okugxilwe kuyo okuthakaselekayo kubatshalizimali abacebile futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibone ukuthutheleka okuphezulu okuphezulu kwama-HNWIs emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2022, ngokwenyuka kwengqikithi yesibikezelo ngo-4,000 - ukwanda okumangazayo kwama-208% uma kuqhathaniswa nokungena okuphelele kuka-2019 okungu-1,300 kanye nokukodwa okukhulu kunakho konke okurekhodiwe.
UDkt. Robert Mogielnicki, iSenior Resident Scholar e-Arab Gulf States Institute futhi eyiLungu leKomidi Lokweluleka le-Henley & Partners, uthi amazwe angamalungu e-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) ayaqhubeka nokuqalisa izinhlelo nezinhlelo zokuheha i-high-net- abantu abafanelekile kanye nochwepheshe abanamakhono abavela kwamanye amazwe. “Le mizamo yokufuduka kwezimali kanye nezinqubomgomo ezintsha zemakethe yezemisebenzi zibonisa ingxenye yesu elibanzi lokubeka amazwe e-GCC njengezizinda zokuthola imali emhlabeni wonke kanye nethalente. Izidingo zama-visa zezakhamizi ze-GCC ezivakashela izindawo ezinkulu zokuhamba nezohwebo nazo ziyadalulwa. I-UK imemezele ukuthi izakhamuzi zezwe le-GCC zizoba ngabokuqala ukuzuza ohlelweni olusha lokugunyazwa kohambo lwase-UK oluqala ngo-2023, luqinisekise ukuthi lezi zivakashi zingajabulela uhambo lwamahhala lwama-visa kulo lonke elase-UK. Kokubili i-UAE ne-Oman basayine ubudlelwano bokutshalwa kwezimali okuzimele ne-UK.”
Izinzuzo zephothifoliyo yamaphasipoti
Ochwepheshe abaphawula kumbiko wakamuva we-Henley Global Mobility Report 2022 Q3 baphawula ukuthi ezinye, izinguquko ezibanzi zezinqubomgomo ze-visa ze-EU ezihlala isikhathi eside ziseza, kanye nokwethulwa okulindelwe isikhathi eside kwe-ETIAS ngoMeyi wonyaka ozayo. Intatheli yezokuvakasha kwezamabhizinisi yamazwe ngamazwe u-Alix Sharkey uveza ukuthi i-ETIAS akuyona i-visa, kodwa “uhlelo lokuhlola ngaphambi kokuhamba oluku-inthanethi oluzoba yimpoqo kulabo amaphasipoti abo manje abaqinisekisa ngohambo lwamahhala lwe-visa endaweni yase-Europe ye-Schengen. Abafake izicelo kuzodingeka ukuthi banikeze idatha yomuntu siqu, isimo sezokwelapha, ulwazi mayelana nokuhambela izindawo ezithile ezingqubuzanayo, futhi bakhokhe imali encane.” Njengase-Electronic System for Travel Authorization waiver yokungena noma ukuthutha e-US njengesivakashi, “inqobo uma ulwazi lulungile futhi kungekho zimpawu ezibomvu ezivela kusizindalwazi sobugebengu noma ezinye izexwayiso zokuphepha, umfakisicelo ugunyazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.”
Izikhathi zakamuva ezinjengobhubhane kanye nempi yaseYurophu zilethe indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuba yisakhamuzi ngesikhungo sezinhlelo zokutshala imali njengabantu abacebile, abatshalizimali abanomqondo womhlaba wonke, kanye nosomabhizinisi bafuna izixazululo zokuhlukahluka kwezindlu ukuze balondoloze ingcebo yemindeni yabo, amafa, kanye nokuvikeleka ngezikhathi zezinxushunxushu. . UDkt Juerg Steffen, oyisikhulu esiphezulu kwaHenley & Partners, uthi “kuso sonke lesi siphithiphithi salolu bhubhane, izinzuzo zepasipoti yesibili noma yesithathu zazibonakala kubatshalizimali abafuna ukuphepha nokuthula kwengqondo. Ohulumeni baphinde bakwamukela ukufaneleka ukufuduka kwezimali okunikeza izakhamuzi zamazwe abamba iqhaza uma izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali eziqondile zangaphandle zabelwa ngokwanele ezinhlelweni ezidingeka kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi nezomnotho. Sibone ukukhula ngo-55% emibuzweni uma kuqhathaniswa nekota edlule, yona ngokwayo ephule irekhodi. Izizwe ezine eziphambili njengamanje eziqhuba isidingo ngamaRussia, amaNdiya, amaMelika kanye namaBrits, futhi ngokokuqala ngqa, abantu base-Ukraine baphezulu kwabayi-10 emhlabeni jikelele.”
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- By comparing the current level of travel freedom with the most severe Covid-related restrictions imposed over the past few years, the results show that UK and US passport holders now have unrestricted access to 158 destinations around the world (as opposed to just 74 and 56 destinations, respectively, at the height of the pandemic in 2020), while Japanese passport holders enjoy unrestricted access to 161 destinations (as opposed to only 76 in 2020).
- Japan holds the number one spot on the index — the original ranking of all the world's passports according to the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior visa — with a record-high visa-free or visa-on-arrival score of 193, while Singapore and South Korea come in joint-2nd place, with a score of 192.
- Similarly, while restricted to just 46 destinations at the height of the Omicron wave in 2021, South African passport holders now have unrestricted access to 95 destinations around the world, which is close to their pre-pandemic passport score of 105.
