I-FlyersRights ikhuthazwa ukunakwa okudingeka kakhulu uMnyango Wezokuthutha (i-DOT) okunikeza ukulimala kwabagibeli okubangelwa ukungathembeki kwenkampani yezindiza.
Nakuba ukuncintisana kuncipha lapho umgibeli ethenga ithikithi lendiza, kuncipha nakakhulu lapho bevaleleke noma bebambezeleke inkampani yabo yendiza.
Ikhwalithi yesevisi yendiza kanye nokusebenza ngesikhathi kwehle kakhulu. Izikhuthazo ezanele zokuthuthukisa isevisi nokusebenza azikho. Izinkampani zezindiza zithole, ngeshwa, ukuthi kuyakhokha ukuba nesevisi embi.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi imithetho ye-EU yokulibaziseka yesinxephezelo yehlise ukubambezeleka kanye nokusebenza ngesikhathi. Le mithetho ibe nomthelela onamandla ezimakethe ezinokuncintisana okuncane. Imakethe yezindiza zase-US ayinakho ukuncintisana, ngakho uhlelo olufana nesinxephezelo sokulibaziseka kwe-EU luyadingeka. Uma izinkampani zezindiza zinquma ukungaqhudelani zodwa, kufanele zincintisane newashi.
Abagibeli njengamanje bamunca cishe wonke umonakalo ovela emaphutheni endiza, kungaba amaphutha okuhlela, amaphutha emishini, amaphutha ezobuchwepheshe namakhompyutha, izinqumo zezezimali zokukhansela izindiza, izinqumo zokungabhuki kabusha abagibeli endizeni elandelayo etholakalayo, noma izinqumo zokunganikezi usizo kubagibeli abavaleleke.
Ngokungeziwe esidingweni esibonakalayo sesinxephezelo sokulibaziseka kwendiza, i-DOT inegunya elanele lezomthetho lokumemezela imithethonqubo ephathelene nayo.
I-FlyersRights ikholelwa ukuthi manje yisikhathi sokubeka abagibeli nokuncintisana kuqala.
Njengoba i-DOT iqoqa ulwazi ngokulindela ukwenziwa kwemithetho ehlongozwayo, kufanele yazi ukuthi inezinketho eziningi zesinxephezelo sokulibaziseka nokubhukha kabusha. Noma yisiphi isisombululo kufanele senziwe ngendlela efanele ukuze:
- 1) gqugquzela izinkampani zezindiza ukuthi zisebenze kahle
- 2) ukugqugquzela izindiza ekuziphatheni okuhle ngokungafuni nokuxhaphaza
- ukungabhuki kabusha abagibeli endizeni elandelayo etholakalayo, noma izinqumo ezingezona izintuba
- 3) ukukhulisa amaphesenti abagibeli abafanelekile abathola okudingekayo
- Isinxephezelo
- 4) ukunciphisa i-red tape ebanzi yendiza kanye nokubambezeleka kwesikhathi ekutholeni isinxephezelo kanye
- 5) ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohambo lwendiza nokuthembeka ukuze kuzuze umnotho wase-US.
Inale migomo engqondweni, i-FlyersRights iphakamisa isistimu yesinxephezelo sokulibaziseka kwendiza ukuze kube nokubambezeleka okulawulwayo (1) okwandisa isidingo sokuhamba ngendiza ukuze kuzuze izinkampani zezindiza, (2) ekhuthaza ukusebenza ngesikhathi, ukubhukha kabusha, kanye neqiniso ekuhleleni, (3) iklomelisa izindiza ngokwethembeka okungcono kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende, futhi (4) inikeza amathuba okunciphisa izinkampani zezindiza ngabagibeli abaningi.
Isandulela
I-United States iyona ehamba phambili ngokungabi nayo isinxephezelo sokubambezeleka kwendiza noma umsebenzi wokunakekela umthetho. Ukubambezeleka kwesinxephezelo kuyindinganiso embonini yezokundiza. Abahambi abaya futhi ababuya e-European Union, e-Canada, nakuzo zonke izindawo zohambo lwamazwe ngamazwe (okuhlanganisa nezindiza ezibandakanya i-United States) sezivele zinelungelo lokunxeshezelwa ngokubambezeleka kwendiza noma umonakalo obangelwa ukubambezeleka.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani zezindiza zase-US ziyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngesinxephezelo nokunakekela
abagibeli. Kodwa-ke, laba bagibeli bavame ukungewona amaMelika. Izinkampani zezindiza zase-US nazo ziyazi kahle imiphumela yesinxephezelo sokulibaziseka: ukusebenza okungcono ngesikhathi.
I-United States ayinaso isinxephezelo sokulibaziseka kwendiza ngenxa yokungabaza kanye nemikhawulo kuCongress kanye nabalawuli benhlangano ukwenza uhambo lwendiza lwase-US lube lukhulu noma lube lukhulu kunakwamanye amazwe. Sithola ukuthi lokhu kuwumphumela wemizamo ebanzi nemba eqolo yokunxenxa izikhulu zezindiza ezibeka inzuzo nokuthengwa kwesitoko phezu kwabagibeli, ukusebenza, kanye nomgomo.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ezinye izinkampani zezindiza zase-US zethule ngokuzithandela izinhlobo zesinxephezelo sokulibaziseka. I-Southwest Airlines, ngemva kokuwohloka kwayo ngoKhisimusi ka-2022, yavuma ukunikeza amavawusha okungenani ama- $75 ngokubambezeleka okuthile okulawulekayo nokukhansela.
I-Alaska Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines, kanye ne-JetBlue Airways nazo zihlinzeka ngamavawusha esikweletu sendiza ukuze kube nokubambezeleka okulawulekayo nokukhansela. Lezi zinkampani zezindiza ziye zabona isidingo sokuhlinzeka ngohlobo oluthile lwesinxephezelo kubagibeli bazo abavaleleke ngesikhathi esifanayo zigcina laba bagibeli bevalelwe ezindizeni zabo ukuze bahambe esikhathini esizayo.
Izinxephezelo azikho ukuze ezinye izinkampani zezindiza zikwazi ukuqhudelana nalowo mgibeli ovaleleke. Ezimeni zokulibaziseka okulawulwayo noma ukukhanselwa, zonke izindiza ezinkulu eziyi-10 zase-US ziphoqelekile ngokwenkontileka ukubhukha umgibeli endizeni yazo elandelayo etholakalayo.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba izindiza manje sezigcwele amandla aseduze, lokhu kungasho amahora noma izinsuku. Izinkampani zezindiza ezine azenzi ngisho nanoma yiziphi iziqinisekiso zokuphinda zibhukhe umgibeli endizeni ehlukile, futhi inkampani yezindiza eyodwa ayinikezi amazinga ayisisekelo okunakekela njengamavawusha ehhotela noma ezokuthutha zaphansi noma izimbuyiselo.
Ucwaningo oluzimele luthole ukuthi imithetho yesinxephezelo sokulibaziseka kwendiza ye-EU yehlise ukubambezeleka kokufika nokuhamba futhi ifake ukuncintisana ekusebenzeni ezimakethe ezingaqhudelani. Ukuqwashisa okwandayo kancane kodwa okuqhubekayo komthetho phakathi kwabagibeli kubone ukwanda kwezinga lezicelo, futhi ukwanda kokuzimisela kanye nekhono lezinkampani zezindiza ukuthobela umthetho kubangele ukwanda kwenani labagibeli abafanelekile abathola isinxephezelo esifanele.3 Okwengeziwe
isikhathi, ukuqwashisa, kanye nokuhambisana kufanele kuqhubeke kukhulise lezi zinzuzo zokusebenza.
Khonamanjalo, izinkampani zezindiza eziningi ziyavuma ukuthi imithetho ayizange yenyuse imali yokugibela. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi lo mthetho ubaphoqe ukuthi bangabe besaba intengo ngokusekelwe ekuhlinzekeni nasekufuneni (njengoba umuntu elindele emakethe encintisanayo), kodwa esikhundleni sezindleko.
Umbiko we-EC Steer uthola ukuthi lezi zinkampani zezindiza zakamuva kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi zikhuluma iqiniso. Ukwedluliswa kwezindleko zomthethonqubo kubonakala kungeyona indaba yokuthi bazokwazi noma ngeke; kunalokho, kuyindaba yokuthi bangakwazi noma abakwazi. Umbiko we-EC Steer uthole ukuthi izinkampani zezindiza zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zidlulise izindleko (ngokwengxenye noma ngokugcwele) ezimakethe ezingaqhudelani futhi maningi amathuba okuthi zifake ngaphakathi izindleko ezimakethe ezincintisanayo.
Umbiko we-EC Steer ulinganisela ukuthi izindleko ze-Regulation 261 zaziphakathi kuka-$2.50 no-$5.45 umgibeli ngamunye.7 Izimangalo ezingafanelekile, noma izimangalo lapho ukufunda okuyiphutha komgibeli ku-Regulation 261 kubashukumisela ukuba balethe isimangalo, “kungase kudale umthwalo wokucubungula nowokuphatha. Nokho, azishayeli izindleko zendiza ukuze zinikeze isinxephezelo.
Enye yezinzuzo zoMthethonqubo 261 ukuthi ukubambezeleka kwendiza kwehla ngemizuzu emi-4 kuya kwemi-5 futhi ukusebenza ngesikhathi kukhuphuka ngo-5%.9 Izinzuzo zibonakala nakakhulu ezimakethe ezinokuncintisana okuncane.
I-red tape ebanzi yenkampani yezindiza idale imboni yezingcweti zezicelo zezinkampani zangaphandle ezisebenza ngezindleko ezingaba khona ezifika ku-44% wamanani esinxephezelo sokulibaziseka.
Nakuba ukukhokhelwa kwabagibeli noma abantu besithathu benza umsebenzi wokukhuthaza ukuncintisana kwezimakethe, umthetho kufanele usungulwe ukuze kwandiswe inani lesinxephezelo sokulibaziseka esiya ngqo kubagibeli. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokwenza umthetho ube lula ngangokunokwenzeka nokuvimbela izinkampani zezindiza ekubekeni izindleko ezibizayo noma ukwengeza izindleko, inkimbinkimbi, nokungaqiniseki ngokulibaziseka nokuphika amaqhinga. Ukuze uthole isinxephezelo se-EU 261, izindiza zenza abagibeli badlule phezu kwezithiyo eziningi futhi balinde isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokuvuma.
Izinkinga eziningi ze-EU angeke zisebenze e-United States
Ukugxeka okunamandla kwe-EU 261 ubunzima obungeke bube khona e-United States. Abagxeki be-EU 261 bathi ihlushwa “[u]nezinga elilinganayo lokuphoqelela umthetho kuwo wonke Amazwe Angamalungu.”13 Umthethonqubo wase-US ngeke wethule inkinga efanayo. I-DOT kuzoba ukuphela kwegunya elilawula ukuthotshelwa kwenkampani yezindiza nemithetho yesinxephezelo yokubambezeleka.
E-EU, abagibeli bangaphendukela ezindleleni zokuphoqelela ezizimele noma ezinye izindlela zokuvikela abathengi zomphakathi. Ohambweni lwendiza lwase-US, lezo azikho nje. Izinkampani zezindiza ziphinde zaqaphela izinselelo zokubhekana nezikhalazo zasenkantolo emazweni angamalungu amaningi nangezilimi eziningi. Lezi zindleko bezingeke zibe khona nase-United States.
I-ICAO Core Principles on Consumer Protection
I-International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), i-ejensi yeZizwe Ezihlangene, ishicilela "ICAO Core Principles on Consumer Protection. Lokhu kuhloswe njengesiqondiso samazwe.
Izimiso ziyaqaphela ukuthi “ukuvikelwa kanye nokwenza ngcono kwamalungelo abagibeli bezindiza sekuzuze ukubaluleka okukhulu” ngemva kokukhululwa kwezimakethe.
Le migomo ihlanganisa ukwazisa njalo abagibeli ngezimo ezikhethekile ezithinta indiza yabo, ukwazisa abagibeli ngamalungelo abo angokomthetho nawenkontileka, ukuqinisekisa izinqubo ezisebenzayo zokusingatha isikhalazo, nokwamukela ukunakekelwa okufanele ezimeni zokuphazamiseka kwendiza, okuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kwendlela, ukubuyiselwa kwemali, ukunakekelwa, nesinxephezelo. Isinxephezelo sokulibaziseka kwendiza nomsebenzi womthetho wokunakekela uzofeza leli zinga.
Ukulimaza Abagibeli
Isikhalazo sokuqala somthengi ukulibaziseka kwendiza kanye nokuphazamiseka. Abagibeli babhekene nohlu olude lwezingozi, okuhlanganisa (1) ukuthenga izinto zokuhamba ezihlukile (futhi ezibiza kakhulu), ukulahlekelwa isikhathi sokusebenza, ukulahlekelwa izindleko ezingabuyiswa, njengamahhotela, namathuba aphuthelwe, njengemishado nezingqungquthela zebhizinisi. Ngo-2009, ukubambezeleka kubiza abagibeli isamba esingu-$16.7 billion.17 AirHelp ilinganisela izindleko ezimaphakathi zokulibaziseka kwendiza zingaphezu kwama-$370 umgibeli ngamunye e-Europe.
Izinzuzo ze-Pro-Competition
Ekufayeleni kwe-2024 10-Q, i-American Airlines yathi, "Umthethonqubo ngamunye owengeziwe noma olunye uhlobo lokuqondisa lokuqondisa lunyusa izindleko futhi lwengeza inkimbinkimbi enkulu ekusebenzeni kwezindiza futhi, kwezinye izimo, kungase kunciphise isidingo sokuhamba ngendiza." ukukhanselwa, kanye nemicu.
Ukubambezeleka kwesinxephezelo kanye nemithetho yokuqondisa kabusha kungakhuphula ukuncintisana lapho ukuncintisana kwezindiza kusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu: lapho umgibeli evalelwe endizeni eyodwa ngentengo yemakethe okuvunyelwene ngayo amasonto noma izinyanga kusengaphambili, kuyilapho inkampani yezindiza ilahla noma yimuphi umthwalo wemfanelo wokunamathela kushejuli, umzila, izinga lesevisi, nanoma yisiphi esinye isibopho lapho amathikithi esincintisana naye ebiza ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-3-4 kunokuvamile.
Ukuze inkampani yezindiza inganikezi ithikithi endizeni elandelayo etholakalayo mahhala noma ukukhokhela izindleko zokuthenga enye indiza kuwumkhuba ongalungile. Ukukhansela indiza ngezizathu zezomnotho kungaba umkhuba ongalungile nakakhulu.
Ukufihla le migomo kunkontileka ye-clickwrap kuwumkhuba okhohlisayo futhi kwakha inkontileka ekhohlisayo lapho inkampani yezindiza ilahla noma yiziphi izibopho zayo zenkontileka.
Uma inkampani yezindiza, esikhundleni somgibeli, kufanele ithenge enye inkampani yezindiza imali yokuhamba ekhuphukayo, izindiza ezithobela amashejuli azo futhi ezinciphisa ukulibaziseka nokulimala kwabagibeli zizoklonyeliswa, futhi izindiza ezisebenza kabi kakhulu zizojeziswa. Lo mshini uzenzekela emakethe.
Ingqikithi yezindleko embonini ayiziro, futhi ukuhamba ngendiza kuzosebenza kahle kakhulu futhi kuthembeke. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukubambezeleka kwesinxephezelo kuzokwethula ukuncintisana emakethe lapho kungekho mncintiswano okhona njengamanje, umthetho uzokwandisa isidingo sokuhamba ngendiza ngokujwayelekile kanye nokuxhuma izindiza ezinhlanganweni zezindiza ezihlukene. Izikhuthazo zamanje zicindezela abathengi ukuthi bathenge izindiza ezixhumayo endizeni efanayo ngoba izinkampani zezindiza zizobhukha kabusha umgibeli uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka kwendiza yokuqala.
Abathengi abaningi bagwema ukuhamba ngendiza ngokuphelele, esikhundleni salokho bakhetha ezinye izinto zokuhamba noma ezinye izinhlelo zokuhamba. Izikhathi eziningi, lezi zinqumo zenziwa ngenxa yamashejuli angathembekile kanye nomthwalo wezezimali wokubambezeleka noma ukukhanselwa okubangelwa inkampani yezindiza.
Imakethe yaseYurophu inesistimu yezitimela ezihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-United States.
