Ezokuvakasha eSri Lanka: Ukukhipha ubuchopho noma ukuzuza kobuchopho?

Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka

Kuningi osekukhulunywe ngakho ngesibalo sezokuvakasha saseSri Lanka, nangokuntuleka kwabasebenzi okusondelayo okuzobhekana nakho le mboni.

Kuningi osekukhulunyiwe ngakho, futhi kwaxoxwa ngakho ngesibalo sezokuvakasha saseSri Lanka, nangokuntuleka kwabasebenzi okusondelayo okuzobhekana nakho kule mboni. Muva nje uhlelo lomkhakha ozimele, oluhlelwe yi-You Lead (ye-USAID) luveze ibalazwe lomgwaqo elisebenzayo nelibanzi lokuthi ungazilungisa kanjani ezinye zalezi zinkinga. (Uhola: ISri-Lanka-Tourism and Hospitality Workforce Competitiveness Roadmap-2018-2023).

Yize izinombolo eziningiliziwe kanye nokuhlolwa kunzima ukutholwa ngokunembile ngenxa yokushoda kolwazi olufanele, kwamukelwa jikelele ukuthi cishe abasebenzi abayi-100,000 abengeziwe ngqo emazingeni ahlukahlukene bazodingeka ukuletha ukukhula okulindelekile kwezokuvakasha eminyakeni emithathu ezayo. (Umnotho Olandelayo 3)

Le mephu yomgwaqo eshiwo ngenhla inaba okokuqala ngqa, umbono womkhakha ozimele walokho okudingeka kwenziwe, ngezinhlelo ezicacile nezinhlelo ezenziwayo. Ihlola ukusilela okuzayo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ibheka nokuthi yiziphi izikhungo zokuqeqesha ezitholakala ezweni, yini amaphutha, nokuthi ungazilungisa kanjani lezi zinkinga. Iphinde ibhekane nesidingo sokwazisa intsha ngokuqina ngamathuba emisebenzi ehlukahlukene embonini yezokuvakasha kubantu abasungula izinto.

Okunye okuthintiwe kule mephu yomgwaqo isibalo esikhulu sabantu baseSri Lankan abanamakhono abasebenza phesheya, namasu wokuzama ukubabuyisa emuva uma izinkontileka zabo seziphelile. Lokhu kuholele ezingxoxweni eziningi mayelana nokufuduka kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kahle bezivakashi eMiddle East naseMaldives.

Ngakho-ke kuzwakale ukuthi lesi kuzoba yisikhathi esifanelekile sokuxoxa ngalolu daba ngokuningiliziwe kwi-monograph.

IBUTHO LABASEBENZI LASESRI LANKAN

Ukuqashwa okuvamile kwasendaweni

Kuyiqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi iSri Lanka inezinga eliphezulu lokufunda nokubhala elingama-95% (uMnyango Wezemfundo Ephakeme) elinabasebenzi abangu-8,249,773 abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 (uMnyango Wezobalo Nezibalo 2016). Izinga lokungasebenzi cishe liyi-4.5%.

"Isibalo sabesifazane ababamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi baseSri Lanka sehle safinyelela kumaphesenti angama-36 ngo-2016 sisuka kumaphesenti angama-41 ngo-2010" ngokusho kweWorld Bank. Lokhu kuncane kakhulu kunesilinganiso somhlaba esingu-54% (iBhange Lomhlaba: Izinga labesifazane ababamba iqhaza ngonyaka ka-2016). Ezizweni zase-Asia lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yomshado, ukukhulisa izingane, kanye neminye imisebenzi ehlobene yasekhaya nokucwaswa ngokobulili.

Ukuqashwa kwamanye amazwe

Ukuthunyelwa kwabantu baseSri Lankans abasebenza phesheya kuthathe ukubaluleka okukhulu emnothweni waseSri Lankan. Namuhla ukuthunyelwa kwabasebenzi sekuyibo abahola imali enkulu kunazo zonke eSri Lanka futhi ibhalansi yezwe lokukhokha incike kakhulu emalini etholwa ngabasebenzi bokufika. Imali etholwa ngabasebenzi ngo-2017 yehle ngo-1.1% yaya kuma-US $ 7.16 billion isuka ku-US $ 7.24 billion eyabhalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sowezi-2016. (Ceylon Today 2018). Ukubaluleka kwemali ekhokhwayo kubhalansi yezinkokhelo kanye nomnotho waseSri Lanka, kukhulu kangangokuba abanye bachaze umnotho waseSri Lankan wanamuhla ngokuthi 'umnotho othembele ekuthumeleni'.

Abasebenzi baseSri Lanka abaqashwe phesheya sebenyukele ku-1,189,359 (cishe u-14% wabasebenzi abaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-18) ngoDisemba 2016 ngokusho kukaNgqongqoshe Wezokuqashwa Kwangaphandle uThalatha Athukorala.

Kukhona 'ukuphuma' okulingene ngonyaka okucishe kube ngama-260,000 okuyi-66% yabo ngabesilisa. Izisebenzi zasendlini zifinyelela cishe kuma-26%. (ISri Lanka Bureau of Employment Foreign -SLBFE 2017).

Ukuqashwa kwezokuvakasha kwasendaweni

Ezokuvakasha zithathwa njengenye yezimboni ezihamba phambili ezihlinzeka ngenqwaba yamathuba omsebenzi entsheni. Umbiko wonyaka wezi-2016 weSri Lanka Development Authority (SLTDA) uveze ukuthi kunabasebenzi abayi-146,115 kuwo wonke amabanga abaqashwe ngqo embonini. Kodwa-ke, imboni yezokuvakasha inomphumela ophindaphindekayo, lapho kulinganiselwa ukuthi njalo ngezithuba zemisebenzi eyi-100 ezidalekayo emkhakheni wezokuvakasha eSri Lankan, ikhiqiza cishe imisebenzi engaqondile eyi-140 emikhakheni engeziwe.WTTC, 2012). Ngokusekelwe kulokhu inani labasebenzi bezokuvakasha eSri Lanka kufanele libe cishe ku-205,000. Kodwa-ke, umkhakha wangempela ongekho emthethweni ohlanganisa amadoda ahlukahlukene ahwebayo, abanikazi bamabhishi, njll. abathintekayo kwezokuvakasha, bahlanganisa inani elikhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ongoti bezimboni banombono wokuthi umthelela wangempela wezokuvakasha ezimpilweni zabantu ungaba ngaphezu kuka-300,000.

Ngokwe-SLTDA amagumbi amasha ayi-15,346 azoqala ukusebenza ngo-2020 ezikhungweni ezintsha eziyi-189 emkhakheni osemthethweni. Lo mbhali ulinganisele ukuthi izisebenzi ezintsha ezidingekayo ukuze zisevise la magumbi amasha zizoba ngu-87,000 kuphela emkhakheni oqondile/osemthethweni). Uma kubhekwa umthelela wokuphindaphindeka komkhakha ongekho emthethweni, leli nani lingakhula libe ngaphezu kuka-200,000, okuholele ekutheni inani labasebenzi kwezokuvakasha libe lilinganiselwa ku-500,000 noma ngaphezulu ngo-2020 (The WTTC ilindele ukuthi lesi sibalo sibe phezulu kancane kubantu abayizi-602,000).

Lokhu kuzosho ukuthi cishe u-7% -8% wabasebenzi baseSri Lankan bazobe sebehlanganyela kwezokuvakasha ngonyaka we-2020.

Abasebenzi bezokuvakasha bendawo abaqashwe kwamanye amazwe

Kuliqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi isibalo esikhulu sabasebenzi abanamakhono wokungenisa izihambi baseSri Lank baqashwe eMiddle East naseMaldives. Kodwa-ke, azikho izibalo ezithembekile zalezi zinombolo ezitholakalayo.

Ngakho-ke okunye ukucabanga okulindelekile kuzokwenziwa ngokulandelayo, ukulinganisa lezi zinombolo.

Inani labasebenzi abalinganiselwa ku-SL phesheya: - 1,189,359
Amaphesenti ezisebenzi zasendlini (Ref. SLFBE): - 26%
Thatha ukuthi u-12% wesigaba esingezona ezasendlini yimisebenzi ehlobene nezokuvakasha.

Ngakho-ke ngalesi sizathu ukwephuka okulinganisiwe kuzoba ngale ndlela elandelayo:

isithombe 2 | eTurboNews | eTN

Lokhu kuhlaziywa kukhombisa ukuthi abanye abasebenzi be-140,000 SL bezokuvakasha bangaqashwa emazweni angaphandle. Ngokwe-SLFEB, ngokwesilinganiso abasebenzi abangama-260,000 baya emsebenzini wokuya phesheya unyaka nonyaka. Uma kusetshenziswa izilinganiso ezifanayo njengoba ngenhla, lokho kungasho ukuthi ukuheha noma 'ukuphuma' kwabasebenzi bezokuvakasha minyaka yonke kungaba cishe ngama-30,000.

Inkinga

Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okuyisisekelo, kuyabonakala ukuthi bangu-140,000 abasebenzi bezokuvakasha abaqashiwe phesheya futhi 'balahlekelwa' ngempumelelo ngabasebenzi ababalelwa ku-30,000 unyaka nonyaka.

Impikiswano ekhona manje ukuthi lokhu kuyinto enhle noma embi.

Ekuboneni kokuqala kubonakala sengathi i-SL ilahlekelwa ngabasebenzi bayo abanamakhono kwezokuvakasha emazweni angaphandle, okuyi-'drain drain 'ngempumelelo.

Kodwa-ke, ukutadisha ngalezi zenzakalo kwembula isithombe esihluke kancane.

Isinyathelo 1 - Njengoba odokotela abaningi bezokuvakasha bazi embonini yamahhotela eSL, imvamisa, abantu abasha abangaqeqeshiwe bajoyina indawo yokuvakasha ukuze baqale umsebenzi wabo wokungenisa izihambi. Baqala kusuka ezansi, bathole ulwazi futhi basebenze benyukele esigabeni sabaphathi emnyangweni noma emkhakheni abawukhethile. Ngisho nezisekelo zokuzilungisa nezokuziphatha ziyafakwa endaweni yokubungaza. Ngakho-ke, amahhotela amaningi okuhlelwa kahle yizindawo zokuqeqeshwa eziyisisekelo zabasha abasha abanamahhotela.

I-PIC 3 | eTurboNews | eTN

Isinyathelo 2 - Ngemuva kweminyaka ethile yokuthola ulwazi, oqashiwe ukhuphuka ezingeni endaweni yokuvakasha aye ezikhundleni eziphezulu zomsebenzi.

Isinyathelo 3 - Ekugcineni lowo muntu angashiya indawo yokuphumula ayosebenza ehhotela ledolobha lezinkanyezi ezi-5, ukuze athole ulwazi olwengeziwe nolwazi. Imvamisa kuyiphupho lomuntu omusha ukusebenza ehhotela elisezingeni lomhlaba lezinkanyezi, elimnika ukuvezwa kabanzi ngalo mkhakha.

Isinyathelo 4 - Ngemuva kweminyaka ethile yokusebenza ehhotela ledolobha elinezinkanyezi ezi-5, umuntu osemusha ofuna umsebenzi angafuna umsebenzi phesheya. Ukukhokha kahle, izindawo zokuhlala, amathikithi endiza nezinye izinzuzo kuheha lezi zinsizwa nezintombi zaphesheya ngokuqashwa ngokwezivumelwano. Imikhiqizo eminingi yamahhotela aphesheya esebenza eMiddle East naseMaldives ibheka abasebenzi abanolwazi oluhle endaweni enezinkanyezi ezi-5. Ngakho-ke, akuyona into engavamile ukubona ukufuduka okuthembekile kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe emazweni angaphandle ukuyosebenza lapho.

Isinyathelo 5 - Emvelweni omuhle wokungenisa izihambi wakwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi ngemikhiqizo yamazwe omhlaba, kukhona ukuvezwa kwezinga eliphakeme emikhubeni emihle kanye nesipiliyoni, imvamisa esebenza ngokuxhumana okusondelene nochwepheshe abaziwayo bomhlaba emikhakheni ethile. Ngale ndlela umuntu omusha uthola inqwaba yolwazi nesipiliyoni ngenkathi eholelwa kahle ngemisebenzi yakhe.

Isinyathelo 6 - Iningi lokuqashwa kwamanye amazwe lisenkontileka yesikhathi esimisiwe, okungenzeka ivuselelwe ngemijikelezo embalwa. Ekugcineni isisebenzi sithola imali eyanele yokuphila ekhaya eSri Lanka bese sinquma ukubuya. Lapho ebuya nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe okusha nolwazi ngaphansi kwebhande lakhe, amahhotela amaningi edolobheni noma izindawo zokungcebeleka angamqasha kalula, endaweni ephakeme kakhulu kunangaphambi kokuba ahambe.

Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo uvaliwe, lapho isisebenzi esincane sesisesikhundleni esiphakeme emsebenzini nasemphakathini, sinemali ethile eyongiwe ebhange ukunakekela umndeni wayo.

Isiphetho

Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni nasekuhloleni okungenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi esimweni semboni yezokuvakasha, ukufuduka kwabasebenzi abaya phesheya, kungenzeka kungabi yinto embi ngokuphelele embonini. Abasebenzi abaya phesheya babuya sebenamakhono amaningi futhi benolwazi ekupheleni kwenkontileka yabo phesheya.

Kunezindaba eziningi ezinjalo ezikhuthazayo nezinhle zabavakashi ababuyiselwe emsebenzini. Ngakho-ke kungahle kungabi ukubhujiswa nobumnyama embonini yamahhotela ngenxa yabasebenzi abashiya iSri Lanka beyozijabulisa phesheya. Ngaphandle kokuyibheka njenge- 'Brain - Drain', mhlawumbe imboni yezokungenisa izihambi kufanele ikuthathe lokhu ngokuthi 'Ubuchopho - Ukuzuza'.

 

Srilal Miththapala 1 | eTurboNews | eTN

Umbhali, uSrilal Miththapala, unamava okuzibonela mathupha wokubona labo basebenzi bebuya emuva kokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yabo phesheya. Okufanele ukushiwo yileso seGarden Maintenance Executive kwesinye sezindawo zokungcebeleka umbhali abandakanyeka kuso. Lesi sisebenzi besithweswe iziqu kwezolimo futhi kungekudala saphakanyiswa saba isazi sezolimo ukuze singazinaki izimpahla zemvelo zeqembu. Uthole umsebenzi njengomsizi we-horticulturist eRitz Carlton eBahrain, lapho agcine ephakama khona waba ngumpetha wezolimo e-Middle East, wahlabana ngemiklomelo eminingana yezakhiwo zeqembu lamahhotela. Ngemuva kokusebenza iminyaka eyi-12, manje ubuyile, esenikezwe umsebenzi ovulekile, ukubuyela eqenjini likaRitz Carlton nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Mayelana umbhali

Isithombe sika-Srilal Miththapala - eTN Sri Lanka

ISrilal Miththapala - eTN eSri Lanka

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