E-France kuphela: I-Champagne enamabhamuza Ajabulisayo Othando

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Isithombe sihlonipha u-E.Garely

U-Oscar Wilde uthe, "Abantu abangacabangi kuphela abangakwazi ukuthola isizathu sokuphuza i-champagne."

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Champagne kwaqala emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, futhi ulwazi oluqoqiwe kanye nobudlelwano obukhulu bomphakathi buye benza imikhiqizo ye-France ne-French enye yezifanekiselo "zamazwe ewayini" emhlabeni.

I-France iyona kuphela indawo emhlabeni lapho umuntu ophuzile omile engathola khona amagilebhisi, kanye nezivini ezikhiqiza i-Champagne.

I-France newayini kuyafana njengoba umkhiqizo uyingxenye ebalulekile yomlando wezwe wezolimo, ukudla namasiko kanye nobuwena.

Ngo-2018, i-France yayinamahektha angaba ngu-786,000 emivini, nomkhiqizo ocishe ube ngamahektholitha angama-46.4, okwenza iFrance ibe ngowesibili umkhiqizi wewayini ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngomthamo, ngemuva nje kwe-Italy. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-French kumelela amaphesenti angu-16.5 okukhiqizwa kwewayini emhlabeni jikelele. Uma ubheka phezulu, ihektha elilodwa kwayi-10 emivini emhlabeni wonke litholakala eFrance.

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Injini Yezomnotho

Umkhakha wewayini uqashe abantu abacishe babe ngu-558,000, okuhlanganisa nabalimi bewayini abayi-142,000, futhi cishe abangama-84,000 bangamalungu ezindawo ezingaphansi kwama-690 zaseFrance ezidala imisebenzi eqondile engu-300,000, abathengisi abangu-38,000, abathengisi bewayini abayi-3,000, abathengisi bewayini abayi-100,000 nabathengisi bewayini abayi-15,000. . Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokukhiqizwa kwewayini laseFrance zidliwa eFrance kanti amaphesenti angama-85 emindeni yaseFrance (izigidi ezingama-23) adla iwayini ekhaya (2017).

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Cishe abavakashi bewayini abayizigidi eziyi-10 (amaphesenti angama-42 abavela phesheya) bavakashela izindawo zokugcina iwayini zaseFrance eziyi-10,000 noma amamyuziyamu angama-31 anikezelwe iwayini eFrance. 

Ukuthumela Iwayini Kwamanye Amazwe

I-France ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wewayini emhlabeni jikelele (imi phambi kwe-Italy ne-Spain) ngamaphesenti angama-29 yenani eliphelele okulenza libe umkhiqizo wamasu okuthengiswa ngaphandle kwe-French. Ngo-2018, iFrance yathumela kwamanye amazwe cishe ama-hectoliter angu-14.9 cishe ngama-Euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.9 (okulingana nezindiza ze-Airbus ezingaphezu kuka-100). I-French exports ngokuyinhloko (cishe amaphesenti angu-60) iqondiswe emazweni aseYurophu, eholwa yiJalimane ne-United Kingdom; kodwa-ke, indawo eyinhloko yamawayini e-French yi-USA (amaphesenti angu-16 yenani eliphelele elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi emabhodleleni).

IsiFulentshi Sichaza Iwayini

Ngo-1907 iwayini lachazwa ngokusemthethweni eFrance njengesiphuzo esivutshiwe lapho zonke izakhi kufanele zivele kumagilebhisi, kuhlanganise namanzi futhi ikakhulukazi ama-flavour. Inhloso: ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukukhiqizwa okungekho emthethweni okungase kwenyuse umkhiqizo ngokungesikho kanye nobungozi obudala ukuthi amanani ewayini ehle.

Iwayini lamazwe ngamazwe lichazwe (1973) yiHhovisi Lamazwe Ngamazwe Lewayini (OIV) elasungulwa ngo-1924 ngokuthi “isiphuzo kuphela esibangelwa ukuvutshelwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kotshwala kwamagilebhisi amasha, agayiwe noma cha, noma amagilebhisi kufanele. Amandla otshwala angase angabi ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-8.5 ngomthamo.”

Imboni yewayini yaseFrance ingeyokuqala ukuthi isekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwayo ekuqanjweni kwemvelaphi, igcina inkulumo ye-terroir ukuthi ukukhiqiza ngokweqile kunganciphisa. Ngokombono wezomnotho, ukuthambekela kokukhetha amawayini abambezelekile ekukhiqizeni kwawo kuvikela ezingozini zokukhiqiza ngokweqile kanye nokuwa kwentengo.

Abakhiqizi be-champagne balawula ngentshiseko inqubo yokukhiqiza, bevikela isithunzi sewayini elicwebezelayo njengempahla eyingqayizivele.

I-Champagne yaba yisifunda sokuqala ukuklonyeliswa ngesibizo (imingcele elawulwayo) yisifunda saseFrance. Umbono wokunqunywa uye wabaluleka kakhulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 njengoba i-champagne ibalulekile kubunikazi besizwe saseFrance futhi isiza ukusungula izindlela lapho i-terroir kanye nohlelo lwezibizo ezilawulwayo kugcina khona uhlu lozalo lwesiFulentshi.

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I-Champagne. Umphumela Ongahlosiwe

Umlando uphakamisa ukuthi iwayini elicwebezelayo "lazalwa" ngengozi - ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-carbonic ephuma ekuvubeleni kwesibili kweyeast. Amawayini amaningi “angacwebezela,” nokho-ke, abakhiqizi be-Champagne bagxila ekuthengeni okuphezulu kwesiphuzo esicwebezelayo, besebenza kanzima ukukhuthaza izimfanelo ezihlukile ezikhuluma ngozalo lwamakhosi kanye nezinganekwane zokuzalana, ukuxhumanisa isiphuzo, indawo kanye nabakhiqizi. esikhathini esidlule esiyingqayizivele nesisezingeni eliphezulu.

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Ngo-Belle Epoque (1871-80), ukuphuza i-champagne kwakuwukufaka engozini isimangalo sakho empilweni ephucuzekile. Yaba uphawu lukazwelonke emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, impahla enemali engokomfanekiso emangalisayo, kanye nezamasiko.

I-Champagne iyinhlanganisela

I-Champagne iyiwayini elihlanganisiwe, futhi izindawo ezinkulu zemindeni ziphethe abaxoxisana nabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuchoboza, ukuhlanganisa, ukuguga, nokuthengisa iwayini. Amagilebhisi nomhlabathi kwakuyizindlela zabalimi kuphela zokulawula ukunikezwa kweChampagne. I-phylloxera epidemic yama-1890s yasabisa ama-vignerons kanye nabaxoxisanayo okuholela ekuqinisekisweni kombono wokuthi i-Champagne njengendawo echaziwe yayiyisisekelo ekuhlonzeni kwe-Champagne njengesiphuzo sikazwelonke nesamazwe ngamazwe.

Selokhu kwathi nhlo kukhona ukungezwani phakathi kwabalimi bamagilebhisi kanye nabaxoxisana nabo. Abalimi bathengisa cishe amaphesenti angu-23 awo wonke amabhodlela e-Champagne, kodwa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-92 alokhu kuthengiswa enziwa eFrance. Abaningi bama-vignerons bangamalungu enye yama-cooperatives angu-137 esifundeni, futhi yakhelwe ukunikeza abakhiqizi abancane ithuba lokuthola imali abangakwazi ukuyifinyelela ngabanye kanye nokuqinisa amandla abo okuxoxisana lapho bebhekene namandla aphezulu omnotho abathengisi nabathengisi. . Kunemifelandawonye eminingi eChampagne kunanoma yisiphi esinye isifunda sewayini saseFrance, futhi amiselwe ukucubungula amagilebhisi, adayisele ijusi noma iwayini elisele ezindlini.

Kunezindlela ezine eziyisisekelo zokuphatha amagilebhisi:

1. Cindezela futhi udayise ijusi

2. Yenza iwayini elinganyakazi elithengiswayo

3. Faka iwayini elisamile ekuvutshelweni kwesibili ebhodleleni bese uyadayiswa

4. Faka iwayini elisamile ekuvutshelweni kwesibili ebhodleleni bese udayisela abanye ukuze balikhangise njengomkhiqizo wabo

5. Khiqiza iwayini elimnandi elithengiswa ngaphansi kwelebuli yabo ngokuncintisana nabaxoxisana nabanye abalimi.

Imikhiqizo ye-Champagne

Amaqembu amahlanu okwamanje alawula iningi lemakethe ye-Champagne.

1. I-Moet-Hennessy Louis Vuitton (LVMH) (enkulu endaweni kanokusho):

• U-Moet et Chandon (1743)

• I-Veuve Clicquot (1772)

• U-Krug (1843)

• U-Ruinart (1764)

• Mercier (1858)

Amanye amaqembu afaka:

2. UVranken Pommery (1858), BCC ongumnikazi:

• Lanson (1760)

• I-Boizel (1834)

• i-deVenoge (1837)

3. U-Laurent Perrier (1812) uhlanganisa:

• I-Salon (yasungulwa ngo-1911). Enye yezindlu ezihlonishwa kakhulu e-Champagne. Esikhundleni sokwenza uchungechunge lwezitayela ezihlanganisa i-cuvée ehlonishwayo njengezindlu eziningi ze-Champagne, i-Salon yenza i-cuvée eyodwa yodumo, eyenziwe ngokuphelele nge-Chardonnay kusukela esigodini sase-Le Mesnil-sur-Oger.

• I-Delamotte (1760)

4. I-Pernod Ricard (iqembu leziphuzo zamazwe ngamazwe)

• Umama (1827)

• I-Perrier Jouet (1811)

5. Remy Contreau

• UCharles noPiper Heidsieck (1851)

Amabhizinisi ayi-17 aphakathi nendawo enza amaphesenti angama-33 yenani:

• Taittinger (umsuka 1734; Taittinger 1931)

• U-Louis Roederer (1833)

• I-Bollinger (1829)

• U-Pol Roger (1849)

I-Nicolas Feuillatte (iChampagne ethengiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke ezitolo ezinkulu zaseFrance ngo-2020) idayisa amabhodlela ayizigidi ezingu-4.5, amabhodlela ayizigidi ezingu-2.6 ngaphezu kohlobo lwesibili oludayiswa kakhulu, u-Alfred Rothschld. I-brand ye-Feuillatte (eyaqala ngo-1976) ihlanganisa ndawonye ama-cooperatives amancane angama-80, abe yinkampani eyodwa, ehlanganisa ngokungaqondile cishe ama-vignerons angu-6,000 esifundeni. U-Nicolas Feuillatte uwumkhiqizo wesi-4 noma wesi-5 ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngevolumu.

AmaChampagne amabili odumo aqala lo mkhuba asaqhubeka nokubaluleka emakethe kanokusho: i-Moet's Dom Perignon, kanye ne-Roederer's Cristal. I-House of Roederer yaqala uCristal ngekhulu le-19 leNkantolo Yombuso YaseRussia, kanye noMbusi u-Alexander II. I-cuvee ithole igama layo ebhodleleni lekristalu elicacile u-czar aphikelela ukulisebenzisa. I-Moet & Chandon, umkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu, iphesenti elincane lomkhiqizo ophelele we-Moet. Iwayini laqala ukuthengiswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ikakhulukazi eNgilandi, nase-United States, litholakala eFrance phakathi nekhulu lama-20.

I-Ultimate in Luxury

Abathengi babona i-Champagne njengento ewubukhazikhazi futhi bakhokha ngokuzithandela amanani entengo eprimiyamu yomkhiqizo obiza cishe ama-Euro angu-9 ukukhiqiza (i-brut eyisisekelo, engavuni); kuwukumaketha okuhlakaniphile nokuvumelana kwekhwalithi okubeke ngempumelelo njengophawu kanye nenganekwane.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-Champagne ayithengwa nsuku zonke ezitolo ezinkulu.

Kuphela (ngokwesilinganiso) kuthengwa okungu-1.8 ngomuntu ngamunye, ngonyaka, njengoba kuqhathaniswa nokuthengwa okungu-5 ngomuntu ngamunye ngonyaka ngewayini elicwebezelayo lilonke (okungabandakanyi iChampagne). Ucwaningo luphinde luveze ukuthi amaphesenti angu-60 abathengi aphuza i-Champagne ngezizathu zokuxhumana noma ezokuzijabulisa, kanti isilinganiso seminyaka yomthengi we-Champagne siphakathi kuka-35-64, kanti owesifazane onamandla olandela phakathi kweminyaka engu-17-24.

Ezinye izimakethe zibhekene nokwehla kokuthengiswa kwe-Champagne, futhi lesi kungase kube isikhathi esifanele sokwandisa imizamo yokumaketha ngale kokugubha, ukuxaka nokuyenga ukuze kwandiswe izinketho ze-aperitif nokudla okunobungane.

I-APVSA - Iletha i-Champagne entsha eNew York

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Uma ungumthengi wewayini, ongenisa ngaphandle, umsabalalisi, i-ejenti, umbhali/umbuyekezi wewayini, u-sommelier noma uthisha wewayini, kufanele uhlangane noPascal Fernand umsunguli we-Association pour la Promotion des Vins et Spiritueux (APVSA), inhlangano engenzi nzuzo e ixhumanisa abakhiqizi bewayini/abakhi bewayini base-boutique nezimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika (kuhlanganise ne-USA, Mexico kanye ne-Canada). Ngokusekelwe e-Montreal, u-Fernand usechithe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ethula amawayini e-boutique, nabakhiqizi bespirit ezimakethe ezintsha, kanye nabathengi abasha.

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Emcimbini wakamuva we-APVSA eNew York City, ngibe nenhlanhla yokuhlangana no-Mathieu Copin, wase-Champagne Jacque Copin, ozinze e-Verneuil, e-France. Njengamanje i-Copin Champagne ingenisiwe, futhi isatshalaliswa eCalifornia, Puerto Rico, Japan, The Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Switzerland, South Africa and Cambodia.

Ifa lomndeni eliphethwe, elizimele litholakala esivinini esingamahektha ayi-10 eMarne Valley lapho kukhiqizwa khona amaChampagne athakazelisa kakhulu futhi ahlukile. I-Pinot Meunier, isitshalo samagilebhisi somdabu endaweni, sigxile kakhulu kuma-Copin Champagnes.

Ifa laqalwa ngu-Alfred Copin ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho ethenga izivini eVandieres. Indawo yokwenza iwayini yadluliselwa ku-Maurice Brio, kanye no-Auguste Copin abathatha izindima zobuholi njengoba betshala imivini yokuqala yase-Chardonnay, kanye ne-Pinot Noir. Kusukela ngo-1963 u-Jacques Copin wakhulisa ibhizinisi lase-Verneuil nomkakhe, u-Anne-Marie, ethula uhlobo lwe-Champagne Jacques Copin.

Kusukela ngo-1995, uBruno nomkakhe, uMarielle kanye nezingane zabo, uMathieu noLucille, bahola umsebenzi wohlobo lwe-Copin bexuba isiko nobuchwepheshe besimanje. Izivini zinakekelwa ngesandla futhi ukwenziwa kwevinification kwenzeka emiphongolweni ye-oki kuyilapho i-thermo-regulated stainless-steel vats kanye ne-micro-vinification ivumela ukukhiqizwa kwama-champagne ayingqayizivele.

Izintandokazi ze-Copin yomuntu siqu

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I-Copin ikhiqiza ama-Champagne amaningi futhi okulandelayo kubonisa izimpendulo zami ezishisekayo kwabambalwa abakhethiwe:

1. Ama-Polyphenols 2012. I-Extra Brut. 50% Chardonnay, 50% Pinot Noir.

Ama-Polyphenols (i-phonelic compound) ayimvelo kumagilebhisi. Zikhona esikhumbeni, zinikeza umbala namaphunga futhi zibhekwa njengenzuzo empilweni. USolwazi Jeremy Spencer, uMnyango Wezokudla Nesayensi Yezokudla, eNyuvesi Yokufunda, uthola ukuthi ama-polyphenols “anamandla okuthonya ukusebenza kwengqondo njengenkumbulo…’ Olunye ucwaningo oluvela eNyuvesi lwembula ukuthi, “izingilazi ezimbili ze-champagne ngosuku zingase zibe zinhle. inhliziyo yakho kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi futhi kunganciphisa izingozi zokuhlushwa isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nesifo sohlangothi.”

Amagilebhisi e-Polyphenols Copin avunwa mathupha phakathi no-September 19-20, 2012, futhi acindezelwa phakathi namahora angu-6; ukukhishwa kwenzeka ngokubanda nge-jetting futhi akukho SO2 engeziwe. Iwayini lafakwa ebhodleleni ngoMashi 8, 2013, ngesiFulentshi elenziwe ingilazi enombala wesinamoni evela efektri ye-OI SAS France de Reims. Akukho ukuphola noma ukuhlunga; ukuvutshelwa kwe-malolactic; akukho finings. Ukuqoqwa ngokuvutshelwa kotshwala: Imvubelo eyomile esebenzayo isethwe kufika ku-17 degrees C kuma-vats ensimbi. Iseli elidala okungenani izinyanga eziyi-108 ku-11 degrees C enokhokho ovalelwe kanye ne-P103 seal.

Le brut, i-half chardonnay kanye ne-half pinot noir iletha umbala osagolide othokozisayo emehlweni, isithelo esimhlophe esivuthiwe, ama-apula aluhlaza, ama-plums, amagilebhisi, uju, namanothi athosiwe emakhaleni, bese ifaka isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele nesikhangayo emlonyeni. kugcizelelwa nge-acidity ephawulwe. Iminyene, iyinkimbinkimbi futhi imnandi, le champagne inikeza isiphetho eside nesijabulisayo. Bhanqa nengulube, i-salmon, i-tuna, i-shellfish noma ushizi othambile / omnene.

2. URose Brut. amaphesenti angu-60 e-Pinot Noir, amaphesenti angu-25 e-Meunier, amaphesenti angu-15 e-Chardonnay avela ezigodini ezintathu eziseMarne Valley (Veneuil, Vincelles, Vandieres).

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I-viticulture eqhubekayo nokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwemikhiqizo yokwenziwa. Ukuvuna okwenziwa mathupha kulandelwa ukucindezela kwe-pneumatic. Ukuvutshelwa kwengxenye kuqalwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi emathangeni ensimbi engagqwali alethe iwayini elomile elinotshwala obuncane. Iwayini libe selihluzwa kancane ukugcina imvubelo. Ukuvutshelwa kuqala ngokwemvelo okungenani izinyanga ezi-2; ukucindezela okweqile okwenziwe ebhodleleni kuvimbela ukuvutshelwa okusha. I-disgorgement yenziwa ngokukhipha ibhodlela ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ngokuhlunga okuyinyumba.

I-coral pink ejulile esweni kanye namabhamuza aphilayo. Ikhala lijatshuliswa amakha athambile ama-cherries amasha nama-strawberries. Ulwanga lujabulela ukutholwa kwesithelo esibomvu esilinganiswe ngamakhambi kanye ne-asidi ekhanyayo. Jabulela njenge-aperitif noma ngamaqebelengwane enkalankala, idada, inhlanzi kanye nama-dessert nezithelo asuselwa kushokoledi.

3. Le Beauchet Extra Brut. I-100% ye-Pinot Noir eyenziwe ngenhlanganisela yezivuno ezivela ku-2012, 2013 kanye no-2014 kusukela ku-Beauchet plot. Izivini zatshalwa ngo-1981 zinezimpande ezingama-41B.

Isakhiwo sibheke eningizimu-ntshonalanga, nomthambeka ophansi kakhulu phansi kwamagquma, ikakhulukazi inhlabathi enodaka olune-limestone encane futhi inothe kakhulu ngensimbi. Amagilebhisi athathwa ngesandla futhi acindezelwe phakathi namahora angu-6. I-Disgorgement ngokuqhwaza nge-jetting ngaphandle kwe-S02 eyengeziwe.

Ifakwe emabhodleleni ngoMashi, Ephreli noma ngoMeyi ngemuva kokukha, isisindo esilula isiFulentshi senze amabhodlela e-champagne engilazi avela efektri ye-O1 de Reims. Akukho ukuphola noma ukuhlunga. I-racking ngemva kokuvutshelwa kwe-AF Malolactic ayenziwanga. Azikho iziphetho. Ukuvutshelwa kotshwala. Imvubelo eyomile esebenzayo i-Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose engu-18 degrees C kuma-vats ensimbi. Usuku lwe-Disgorgement luqoshwe esisekelweni sebhodlela nakukhokho; iphumula izinyanga ezingu-5-6 ngaphambi kokuthengisa.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngamawayini atholakala nge-APVSA, Chofoza lapha.

© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.

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