Indaba kabhiya wesi-Czech nothando lwabo ngesiko lasekhaya lokuwupheka akuhlali kuncike ethalenteni labo lokukhiqiza i-ale enkulu. Kunalokho, enye yezindawo zotshwala ezidume kakhulu kuleli, i-Pilsner Urquell edolobheni lase-Plzen amakhilomitha angu-88 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yePrague - yembula iziqalo ezithobekile. Ezinsukwini zabo zakuqala, ubhiya waleli dolobha kuthiwa mubi kangangokuthi wabangela uguquko oluthile endaweni.
“Ubhiya ubuphiwa ePlzen iminyaka engamakhulu ambalwa kodwa izinga elikhiqizwa lapha belishintshashintsha, lilibi kakhulu,” kusho uVaclav Kulle, umhlahlandlela enkampanini enkulukazi yasePillsner Urquell Brewery, “Lesi sici senze abaphuza ubhiya benkathi ephakathi kanye nongoti ukuthi baqambe lesi sisho: Pilsner, Pilsner, uma uthela ipayinti ngemuva kwengulube, izokhala isonto lonke.”
Lezi zimo ziphikelele, uthi, kwaze kwaba cishe ngo-1835 lapho izakhamizi zedolobha - edinwe kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kukabhiya wezinga eliphansi - zavele zalahla imiphongolo engu-36 yotshwala phambi kwehholo ledolobha ngenxa yehlazo nokujezisa abaphisi botshwala.
Umphumela walesi sigameko kwaba ukuthi abaphisi botshwala bedolobha babuthana ukuze basungule indawo yotshwala 'yezakhamuzi' - okuyinkampani ephisa utshwala iPlzners. Lokhu kwazala u-Pilsner, i-ale eqhubekile nokubeka izinga emhlabeni jikelele.
Namuhla indawo yokuphisa utshwala e-Plzen ibukeka njengedolobhana lezimboni elinendawo yokudlela, imnyuziyamu, isango elinamakhothamo amabili kanye nezizathu ezingapheli zezitini ezibomvu. U-Kulle uhola ukuvakasha kwalesi sakhiwo esikhulu esihlanganisa amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye ongaphansi komhlaba onamathayela e-sandstone abilayo ahlanganiswe nemiphongolo emidala ye-oki. Lapha ungaphakamisa amasampula ambalwa asenziwa ngenqubo efanayo neyethulwa ngo-1842.
Kodwa isiko lokukhiqiza ubhiya lapha lihlehlela emuva ngaphambi kwekhulu le-11 eCzech Republic futhi ubhiya ngokwawo unesimo esicishe sibe yinganekwane kulesi sizwe esimaphakathi neYurophu. Livela kabanzi ezincwadini zabo, emasikweni futhi liyingxenye yomphefumulo wesizwe. Ukwenza ubhiya kungaphezu kwesiphuzo kodwa kuyisiko elihlanganisa inqubo yokuphiswa kwezithako ezilula zamanzi, i-malt kanye nama-hops atshalwe endaweni.
Zulazula ungene ku-Czech Museum of Hops edolobheni lase-Zatec, amakhilomitha angu-60 enyakatho-ntshonalanga yePrague, futhi uma unenhlanhla ungase uzwe umphathi wayo u-Vladimir Vales ecula i-time honored hmelobrana, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Hym of Hops. Futhi ama-hops afana nalawa asemshinini omdala wokuwomisa oyisigebengu wasemnyuziyamu yiwo enza idolobha laseZatec laduma amakhulu eminyaka.
I-Zatec izishaya isifuba ngenkampani yayo yokuphisa utshwala, i-Zatecky Pivovar, kodwa yaziwa kakhulu ngokukhula kwama-hops - imbali eyomile enephunga elimnandi esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuphiswa. Amanye amaCzech athi ukunambitheka okubabayo kwama-hop kuyisici esibalulekile esenza ubhiya waseCzech uhluke.
“Kwakucishe kube isibopho lapho ungena ebangeni lesishiyagalolunye futhi umbuso uhlele ithimba lamasosha ukuze livune i-hop,” kukhumbula uGeorge Stuchal, umnikazi wendawo yokudlela yaseCzech-American osethathe umhlalaphansi edla ama-hops ebusheni bakhe, “Ngaphandle kwePrague, eZatec noma eduze kwaseKarlovivary. Icishe ikhule yonke indawo lapha.”
Kodwa kulezi zinsuku ama-hops e-Zatec Saaz ayigugu awakwazi ukuhambisana nezinhlobo zaseJalimane nezaseMelika ezikhiqiza cishe ngokuphindwe kabili ihektha ngalinye. U-Vales wengeza ngokuthi ukunambitheka okunamandla kwama-hops kuthathelwe indawo yizinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali, noma abakhiqizi bakabhiya babheka ama-hops angabizi kakhulu avela kwezinye izindawo.
“Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili lapho ukubaluleka kwamahops edolobheni kuncipha,” kusho uVales, “Kodwa kubalulekile ngenxa yesiko elide kakhulu lokutshala ama-hops lapha. Ngisho noma ama-hops elahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwawo emakethe, lokho kuhlala kuyisiko elide kakhulu lapha. "
Amakhilomitha angamashumi amahlanu enyakatho-ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha amabhodlela afika kwenye indawo yotshwala eyingqophamlando, i-Královsky Pivovar Krušovice. Lesi sikhungo sotshwala saba nomsuka wawo ekhulwini leshumi nesithupha lapho izicukuthwane zinikezwa imvume yokuphisa ubhiya emapulazini azo. Lapha, umenzi wotshwala u-Jiri Birka waba yinganekwane nge-ale yakhe, futhi eqhuba indlu lapho izivakashi zaziphuza ubusuku nemini.
“Amanzi ayisithako esibalulekile ekwenzeni ubhiya ngenxa yethonya lawo kulo lonke uhlobo lukabhiya,” kusho uMqondisi Wezokumaketha uJosef Helebrant, othi amanzi endawo anemfihlo, “Kubhiya amaphesenti angu-90 amanzi aphuma emanzini. Imithombo yethu yeBurg eqhele ngamakhilomitha amabili ageleza ubude obungamamitha ayikhulu. Futhi kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa kuya ku-1945 lena kwakuyi-spa, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kunensimbi ne-magnum enhle kakhulu emanzini.
Enkathini yamaKhomanisi i-Krusovice, njengenqwaba yezindawo ezibalulekile zokuphisa utshwala eCzech, yaba ngekahulumeni. Ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwangasese ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, izindawo zokuphisa utshwala zaphinde zahlonyiswa - njengoba abatshalizimali abaningi bakwamanye amazwe bafaka imali eningi ukuze bazenze zibe zesimanjemanje futhi basebenzise isiko lamaCzech. Lo mshini wotshwala waba yingxenye yenhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe eholwa yiJalimane.
Nakuba izinhlobo zakudala zesi-Czech ezifana ne-Pilsner, i-Budejovicky Budvar noma i-Staropramen ziseyizo ukudla okuyisisekelo, ama-micro-breweries enhloko-dolobha manje akhiqiza obhiya abahlukile abaqhudelana namawayini aphambili aqalwa kusukela nge-Velvet Revolution.
"Siqala ngobhiya kakolweni manje ngemuva kokumiswa kwesiko," kusho uMarek Kocvera ongumphathi we-20-into kaKlasterni Pivovar Strahov, bude buduze nenkaba yePrague, "Le ndawo yokuphisa utshwala yavalwa phakathi kwezimpi zomhlaba ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezinkulu zokuphisa utshwala. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-microbreweries amancane avalwa. ”
I-Klasterni Pivovar Strahov ekuqaleni yayiyindawo yokuphisa izindela futhi ingenye yezincane futhi ezindala kakhulu. Namuhla ihlanganisa kokubili ihholo likabhiya wendabuko kanye nale ndawo yokucima ukoma yesitayela se-café lapho ungaphuza khona i-ale yokunambitha ye-brewery e-piquant-and-fruity ehluke ngokungavamile eduze kwama-lager ase-Czech akudala kakhulu.
“Besinama-micro-breweries angu-88, manje sesinamashumi ayisithupha. Kepha manje sekuyisikhathi sokuvuselela kabusha ama-micro-breweries. ”
E-Pivovarsky Dum, indawo yotshwala yasePrague encane kanye neshibhini eliziqhenya ngemikhiqizo engajwayelekile efana nobhanana ophekwe ekhaya, ikhofi, i-vanilla noma ubhiya omuncu we-cherry; UFrank Kuznik, Umhleli Oyinhloko wephephandaba lendawo lesiNgisi lamasonto onke i-Prague Post uphawula ngendawo ekhetheke kakhulu ubhiya onayo ezimpilweni zabantu baseCzech.
“Kuyinkolo lapha,” kusho uKuznik egcizelela, “kuyigazi lokuphila lesizwe. Abantu balapha basibiza ngesinkwa esiwuketshezi. Ngicabanga ukuthi enye yezinto ezinkulu kuleli zwe ukuthi akekho umuntu oyoke abulawe yindlala. Isizathu siwukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umpofu noma uphansi futhi ungaphandle ungakwazi ukuklebhula ndawonye imiqhele engamashumi ayisithupha ngandlela thile. Futhi ngalokhu ungaya endaweni yokucima ukoma uthole obhiya abathathu noma abane; futhi lokho kulingana nesidlo sakusihlwa.”
Umphumela uba ukuthi amaCzech ajabulela ukusetshenziswa kukabhiya okuphezulu kakhulu ngomuntu ngamunye emhlabeni. Futhi esikhathini sokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, futhi njengoba abakhiqizi bawo bethathwa izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe, amaCzech ayaqhubeka nokuziqhenya ngesiko lotshwala abalithatha njengelabo.
Futhi ngenkathi amaCzechs engamandla okufanele abalwe uma kuziwa ekukhiqizeni ubhiya, awazange avikeleke ekugibeleni nge-saber phezu kwe-ale yawo. Ingxabano enkulu kabhiya wase-Czech impi yekhulunyaka phakathi kukabhiya wombuso wase-Czech u-Budejovicky Budvar kanye ne-premium lager yabo i-Budweiser - kanye nobhiya wegama elifanayo okhiqizwe umdondoshiya kabhiya, u-Anheuser-Busch.
U-Anheuser Busch wase-St-Louis, e-Missouri wakhetha leli gama emuva ekhulwini le-19 cishe nomaphi - ukuze nje lizwakale liyiqiniso. Nokho uBudweiser wayesewubhiya wangempela. U-Anheuser Busch uyaziwa ukuthi uphendule inselele yezomthetho yaseCzech Republic ngokunikela ngokuthenga umkhiqizo, kodwa uhulumeni wase-Czech usabambelele emshinini wabo wotshwala abamthandayo.
Sithathe kokubili i-Czech Budweiser, kanye nenhlobonhlobo ye-Anheuser Busch ekuhloleni ukunambitheka kwe-'Budweiser Challenge' saya kumashibhi ePrague nombhangqwana osemusha u-Kamil Hecko noTereza Liscinska, bobabili abalawuli bethrafikhi yomoya, njengabanambithi bethu. Nakuba u-Liscinska wayengumsekeli wokuqina wezinhlobonhlobo zesi-Czech, uzakwabo u-Hecko wayephana kakhulu kumkhiqizo we-Anheuser Busch.
“Iphunga liyafana, liyafana ngempela, akukho mehluko wangempela,” kuphawula u-Hecko ngokuqaphela, “Akukona ukunambitheka okubi, kodwa kukhona i-aluminium evela ebhokisini. Ingilazi ingaba ngcono kodwa ijwayelekile endaweni yokucima ukoma. Ngicabanga ukuthi akukubi. Ngiyisizwe saseCzech, kodwa akukubi ngempela, lo Budweiser waseMelika.”
Abanye bakhala ngokudayiswa kwenkampani edayisa utshwala kuhulumeni uBudejovicky Budvar. UMartina Kaderova uyaziqhenya ngamasiko okuphuza eCzech, futhi uyayazisa indawo kabhiya emphefumulweni wesizwe. Lapho egibele isikebhe onombono omangalisayo wedolobha, uchaza ukunamathela kwesizwe sakubo kubhiya.
“Sinomkhuba omude kakhulu wokwenza nokuphuza ubhiya njengoba kwaduma kakhulu ukuhlala phansi nabangane bakho nixoxe ngepolitiki,” kusho uKaderova, “Ngesikhathi sobukhomanisi empeleni kwakuyiyona ndawo kuphela lapho babengaziveza khona ngokukhululekile. ngesikhathi behlangana nabangani babo endaweni yokucima ukoma bephuza ubhiya ukuze baxoxe ngepolitiki”.
“Kunomkhuba omude lapha futhi nangesikhathi sombuso wamaKhomanisi kwenza abantu basondelana ngokuphuza ubhiya nokuxoxa ngempilo.”
Njengoba ilanga likhanya phezu kwedolobha eliyinganekwane lasePrague, ibhaluni lindiza esibhakabhakeni, i-St-Vitus Cathedral ikude - futhi sidlula i-Charles Bridge ebabazekayo emi enkabeni yedolobha njengomlindi ogxilile.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi sidayisa ingcebo yethu, futhi akukuhle,” kuqhuba uKaderova, “Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele sikugcine ngoba izwe ngalinye kufanele libe nokuthile okuqondile, okujwayelekile. Kuze kube manje kushiwo futhi abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi ubhiya waseCzech uyinto ekhethekile. Maduze kuzoba ukuthi yebo ePrague ungaphuza ubhiya okhiqizwa inkampani yaseMelika, iBritish, SA, noma yaseJalimane. Kodwa kuyadabukisa lokho, ngoba ubhiya waseCzech.”
Ekugcineni sinqume ukunikeza izwi lokugcina kulowo ebesicabanga ukuthi uzokwazi: umqondisi nomqondisi wefilimu waseCzech owine u-Oscar, u-Jiri Menzel. Iningi labalingiswa bakhe liphuza ubhiya njengamanzi, futhi abaningi babona ukuphila ngengilazi yenkomishi kabhiya.
Ukuphela kwenkinga esikutholile ukuthi akawuphuzi ubhiya – nombhali wamafilimini akhe amaningi, umbhali owaziwayo u-Bohumil Hrabal, waze waba namahloni okungena endaweni yokucima ukoma noMenzel ngesikhathi umqondisi e-oda ingilazi. lewayini.
Ukuziphatha kwendaba, nokho, ukuthi eCzech Republic inhlonipho ethile ngesiko likabhiya akuyona into yokuzikhethela. Kule ngxenye yeYurophu umuntu uzovame ukutshelwa kalula, "lawa ngamasiko ethu".
Intatheli yezokuvakasha ezinze eMontreal, umsakazi kanye netilosi lezamasiko u-Andrew Princz ungumhleli wengosi yezokuvakasha ku-ontheglobe.com, futhi obambe iqhaza kumaphrojekthi wokuqwashisa amazwe kanye nokugqugquzela ezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele. Uzokhuluma ngezindawo ezehlukene ochungechungeni lwakhe oluzayo oluthi Travels OnTheGlobe.
