Iqembu lezemvelo likhiphe ikhadi lalo lombiko ngoLwesithathu mayelana nokuthi izinkampani zemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi ezisebenza emanzini aseMelika zenza kahle kangakanani ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba, futhi akukho neyodwa ethole ibanga eliphelele lika-“A.”
Abangane Bomhlaba bathole imigqa eyi-10 emikhulu yemikhumbi yokuhamba ngomkhumbi, okuhlanganisa namagama amakhulu ebhizinisini, njengeCarnival Cruise Lines. I-Carnival ithole “i-D-minus.”
Umbiko ukhiphe ibanga eliphakeme kunawo wonke - "B" ku-Holland America Line. I-Norwegian Cruise Lines kanye ne-Princess Cruises nabo bashaye kahle uma kuqhathaniswa, ngamunye wathola u-“B-minus.”
Amabanga aphansi kakhulu—“Fs” — aye ku-Disney Cruise Line neRoyal Caribbean International. Osaziwayo Cruises kanye neSilversea Cruises nabo bashaye amagoli amancane.
I-Cunard Cruise Line kanye ne-Regent Seven Seas Cruises bathole cishe amamaki amaphakathi.
"Imvamisa, abagibeli bemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi bakhangwa ngamaholidi okuhamba ngezithombe zamanzi acwebile nezethembiso zemvelo engonakalisiwe nezilwane eziningi zasendle, kodwa laba bagibeli abatshelwa ukuthi ukuvakasha kwabo kungashiya uphawu olungcolile ezindaweni abazivakashelayo," kusho uMarcie Keever. obehola “Ikhadi Lombiko Wezemvelo Womkhumbi Ohamba Ngomkhumbi.”
I-Cruise Lines International Association, okuyiqembu elimele imigqa yezokuvakasha engu-24, iwugxekile lo mbiko, iwubiza ngokuthi awunangqondo, unephutha futhi ilishaya indiva “iqiniso lokuthi imizila yethu yokuvakasha iyahambisana futhi ezimweni eziningi yeqa yonke imithetho esebenzayo yezemvelo.”
"Kuyadabukisa ukuthi i-Friends of the Earth ababhali balo lwazi olungaqondile ekubeni empeleni le mboni yenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe nasekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo ezihamba ibanga elide ekuvikeleni imvelo," kusho le nhlangano esitatimendeni.
Abangane Bomhlaba bahlele imigqa yohambo ngomkhumbi ezigabeni ezintathu: ukukhucululwa kwendle, ukuncishiswa kokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokuthotshelwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi emanzini ase-Alaska. Iphinde yakhipha ibanga elilula lokuphasa/lokufeyila ukuze ulayini ngamunye ukwazi ukufinyelela olwazini lwezemvelo.
Leli qembu lithe iFlorida, eneminye yemithetho eqinile evimbela ukungcoliswa kwemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi, inamachweba amathathu aphezulu okusuka kuwo imikhumbi: iMiami, iPort Canaveral neFort Lauderdale.
I-Alaska neCalifornia bathathe isinyathelo esiqine kakhulu ezweni lonke ngokumelene nokungcoliswa kwemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi, kusho leli qembu.
U-Keever uthe abanye olayini bemikhumbi bebesebenzela ukwenza imikhumbi yabo ingangcolisi, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokukhuculula indle. IHolland America, Norwegian, Cunard and Celebrity bathole amamaki aphezulu ngokuhlanzwa kwendle okuthuthukisiwe emikhunjini yabo.
I-Carnival ne-Disney bathole ama-“Fs” okuhlanza indle.
I-Disney, enemikhumbi emibili nemibili esakhiwayo, ingazuza kangcono ekuhlanzeni indle ngonyaka ozayo ngoba ithembise ukwenza ngcono kuyo yonke imikhumbi yayo, kusho uKeever. Le nkampani imemezele ngesonto eledlule ukuthi izoqala ukuhlinzeka ngokuvakasha e-Alaska kusukela ngo-2010.
U-Keever uthe ubuchwepheshe bukhona ukuze izinkampani zemikhumbi yomkhumbi zihlangabezane nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo yase-Alaska - isimangalo esaphikiswa umongameli we-Alaska Cruise Association uJohn Binkley. Uthe olayini bezokuvakasha bangakujabulela ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obufinyelelekayo ukuze bahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zase-Alaska uma butholakala, kodwa akukho okuthembekile.
U-Binkley akatholakalanga ukuba aphawule ngoLwesithathu.
Ngo-2008, imikhumbi engu-12 kwengu-20 evunyelwe ukuphuma emanzini ase-Alaska yathola ukwephulwa, ikakhulukazi i-ammonia nezinsimbi ezisindayo, kusho uKeever. Iqiniso lokuthi imikhumbi eyisishiyagalombili ibingenakho ukwephulwa kukhombisa ukuthi kungenziwa, kusho yena.
Imizila yemikhumbi eyi-10 ithole amabanga aphansi ukuze kwehliswe ukungcoliswa komoya. Abahamba ngomkhumbi abayisikhombisa kwabayishumi bathole ama-“Fs.” NguPrincess kuphela owathola ibanga eliphezulu.
UPrincess usebenzise izigidi ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi emikhunjini yakhe yokuhamba ngomkhumbi, kusho uKeever.
Le nkampani itshale izigidi ezingu-4.7 zamaRandi echwebeni laseJuneau ukuze imikhumbi ebopha lapho ikwazi ukuxhuma amandla asekelwe ogwini esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinjini zabo ukunikeza amandla kubagibeli nabasebenzi. Le nkampani iphinde yatshala imali engu-$1.7 million ukuthuthukisa ichweba laseSeattle. U-Keever uthe imikhumbi eyisishiyagalolunye kwengu-17 kaPrincess ifakwe ama-plug-in kagesi.
Ichweba laseLos Angeles ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulo nyaka kulindeleke ukuthi libe namandla asuka ogwini esikhumulweni salo somkhumbi, kusho yena.
Ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwamandla emachwebeni kanye nokufakwa kabusha kwemikhumbi, imikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi iphoqeleka ukuthi ishise uphethiloli omkhulu ngenkathi isethekwini, uphethiloli “oshisa ongcolile” ongcole ngokuphindwe kayinkulungwane kuya kweziyizi-1,000 kunophethiloli weloli likadizili, kusho uKeever.
Imikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi nayo ingahlonyiswa ukushisa i-marine distillate, uphethiloli oshisa kakhulu kunophethiloli we-bunker, kusho uKeever. I-California isanda kudinga yonke imikhumbi ehamba olwandle, okuhlanganisa nemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi, ukuthi ishise uphethiloli ohlanzekile endaweni engamamayela angama-24 ukusuka ogwini.
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- “It is regrettable that Friends of the Earth authors such misinformation when in fact this industry has made tremendous progress in the past several years in advancing technology and developing programs that go a long way in protecting the environment,”.
- Without the power upgrade at the ports and the retrofitting of the ships, cruise ships are forced to burn bunker fuel while in port, a “dirty-burning”.
- Keever said the technology is in place for cruise ship companies to meet Alaska’s stringent environmental laws — a claim disputed by Alaska Cruise Association president John Binkley.
