Ukugula kwasolwandle
Ucwaningo lwamuva nje lomkhakha wezemikhumbi olwandle kanye nezinkinga zezokuvakasha luveze ukwehluleka okuhlelekile embonini ukuqonda ubhadane lwe-COVID-19. Kuze kufike (futhi kufaka phakathi) i-2019, imigqa yokuhamba ngesikebhe yayiwumkhakha okhula ngokushesha embonini yezokuvakasha. Ku-2018, umnikelo ophelele wezomnotho (oqondile, ongaqondile, futhi owenziwe) wezokuvakasha kwezokuhamba ngomkhumbi emnothweni womhlaba (ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo) wawungu- $ 150 billion, unemisebenzi yesikhathi esigcwele eyi-1,177,000.
Kodwa-ke, imboni yezokuhamba ngesikebhe iyimboni ebhekane nezinkinga futhi ngenxa yobhadane lwe-COVID-19 kanye nokuqubuka kweDayimane Princess kanye neGrand Princess, imigqa emikhulu yokuhamba ngesikebhe isikhumbuza ngesithombe sephupho likaNebukadinesari: esikhulu futhi esihlaba umxhwele, umfanekiso ocwebezelayo, obukeka ngendlela ebabazekayo kodwa unezinyawo ezenziwe kancane ngodaka olubhakwe.
Izinkinga ezixhunyaniswe nemikhumbi ye-cruise azizintsha. Ngo-1912 ukucwila kwe-Titanic kwenza izindaba futhi kuyaqhubeka ukubuyekezwa nokuhlolisiswa. Ngo-1915 iSS Eastland yacwila echwebeni laseChicago ibulala abagibeli abangaphezu kuka-840 kwabangu-2500. Ngo-2005 izigelekeqe zahlasela iSeabourn Spirit ngasogwini lwaseSomalia, kwathi ngo-2010, iSplendor (omunye wemikhumbi emikhulu yaseCarnival) yahlangabezana nemililo yemoto yabagibeli ababeswele izinsuku ezine bengenamandla.
Ngenxa ye-norovirus abagibeli bemikhumbi eminingi yeCarnival baye bagula:
1. 2009, iCoral Princess: 271 iyagula
2. 2010, Crown Princess: 396 uyagula
3. 2012, iLanga Princess: 216 liyagula
4. 2013, uRuby Princess: 276 uyagula
Ngo-2014 i-Explorer of the Seas yabuyela eNew Jersey ngomkhumbi cishe izisulu ezingama-650 ze-norovirus zigcwaliswe yisicanucanu esihambisanayo nohudo. Abagibeli nabasebenzi abebegibele i-Celebrity Mercury bahlukumezeka ngenxa yokuqubuka kwamatilosi amahlanu alandelanayo ngonyaka ka-2000, kubandakanya nabangu-443 abagula ngoFebhuwari 2000 nabangu-419 ngoMashi. I-CDC yakhipha i-oda elingajwayelekile (ngaleso sikhathi) lokungahambi ngomkhumbi ngoba umkhumbi wawulokhu uthelele abagibeli futhi ulayini wesikebhe wawungeke uyeke ukuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Leli gciwane lithinta isisu namathumbu futhi lingangeniswa ekudleni noma emanzini angcolile noma ngokuxhumana nomuntu onegciwane. Kwezinye izimo, ingasatshalaliswa ngemikhuba yokugezela engahlanzekile njengoba igciwane lihlala endle. Igciwane lingasakazeka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezincane njengomkhumbi wokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Esikhathini esedlule, imboni ye-cruise yaphendula ezinkingeni ezithile (okungukuthi, ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngo-9/11, izinkinga zezimali zomhlaba ka-2008) ngokushesha futhi yamukela i-International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code), ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokubhekana nezinkinga zokuphepha nokuvikeleka. Ngemuva kuka-9/11 i-Abercrombie neKent, inkampani yezokuvakasha kanokusho egcina amadokodo azimele ngasogwini lweNayile, yafaka imitshina yensimbi kanye nezokuphepha ezingagqokile izingubo ezikebheni zabo. Imikhumbi yeRoyal Caribbean ne-Celebrity Cruises ibeke amabutho ezokuphepha ezisebenzile zangaphambili, kubandakanya namalungu ombutho okhethekile wakwa-Israeli, owaseBrithani kanye nowaseNepalese Gurkhas emikhunjini yabo. Imikhumbi ibinamapayipi omlilo, i-radar namalambu okusesha anamandla (ukuphuphuthekisa abahlaseli abangaba khona) ukuvikela abagibeli. Ukuphendula izinkinga zezimali zango-2008 imboni yehlisa amanani entengo yokuhamba (okubandakanya izindleko eziyisisekelo zokusebenza) futhi yagxila ekwandiseni imali engenayo.
Ukushaqeka, ukwethuka noDemise
Yini ehlukile nge-COVID-19? Leli gciwane lisemoyeni futhi lingahlala ngaphezulu kwamahora. Kubukeka sengathi le mboni (futhi) ayikwazi ukuphatha imvelo yayo, ohulumeni bomhlaba babephoqelekile ukuthi bangenelele, okuholele ekuphoqeleleni (noma ukuncoma ngokuqinile) ukuvalwa, ukwehlukaniswa komphakathi, ukuhamba okunomkhawulo nezinye izithiyo kulokho imboni engakwenza futhi okufanele ikwenze yenza.
Abaholi bezepolitiki kanye nabaphathi bakahulumeni kanye nabaphathi bezinkampani ezizimele bakhiphe imihlahlandlela yokubhekana nokuqinisa lolu bhubhane ngenkathi iziqondiso ezengeziwe zivela emisebenzini yokunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni jikelele (okungukuthi, i-WHO). Waba yini umphumela? Wonke umuntu uziqoqele izimpendulo, enezela ukudideka nolwazi olungelona iqiniso kumanethiwekhi abuthakathaka okuxhumana ezesayensi abekhishwe enkantolo eminyakeni ecishe ibe mine uDonald Trump ephethe iWhite House futhi engalawulwa kahle ubuholi be-WHO.
Ngenkathi kutholakala leli gciwane okokuqala kwiDiamond Princess naseGrand Princess, ukungabi bikho kohlelo lokuthwala kwandisa lesi sifo saba yizinkinga ezingakaze zibe khona ezihlobene nempilo ezachitheka zisuka enkampanini eyodwa ehamba ngemikhumbi zaya embonini yonke.
Ukuhlaselwa ngegciwane emikhunjini yezikebhe nezikebhe ngo-Mashi 2020 kwashintsha imboni unomphela, kwamiswa futhi kwamiswa iPrincess Cruises, iDisney Cruise Line, iViking, iNorway Cruise line, iRoyal Caribbean, iCarnival Corporation neMSC Cruises. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ikhiphe i-No Sail Order okungenani izinsuku eziyi-100 kuyo yonke imikhumbi yemikhumbi ethwala abagibeli abangaphezu kwama-250, yandisa i-No Sail oda eya ku-Okthoba 31, 2020. I-Azamara, umzila omncane wokuhamba ngesikebhe useyili omisiwe kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2020. I-Carnival nayo isikhansele konke ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kusuka e-USA kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2020; Kodwa-ke, uSaziwayo uhlela ukuqala kabusha ukusebenza ngoNovemba 2020 futhi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kusuka / kuya emachwebeni angaphandle kuyaqhubeka.
Umthelela Wezomnotho
Le mboni ihlupheka ngokulahleka okukhulu kwezezimali, okwenza ukwesaba kubatshalizimali. Amasheya eRoyal Caribbean Cruises Ltd ehle ngamaphesenti angama-82.31, amaNorway Cruise Line Holdings abiwe abiwe ehla ngamaphesenti angama-85.17 kwathi iCarnival Corporation & Plc yabiwa yehla ngamaphesenti angama-76.61 kusuka ngoJanuwari 2, 2020 kuya kuMashi 23, 2020.
Ukunwebeka kosizo emikhawulweni yokuhamba ngesikebhe kube yimpikiswano. Imizila emikhulu yokuhamba ngesikebhe ifakwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi “amazwe akhululayo alinganayo,” lapho kungadingeki ukuthi akhokhe intela yamaphesenti angama-21 izinkampani zase-US ezibophezelekile ukuyikhokha. Uma, njengesibonelo, iCarnival, inkampani ehamba phambili yokuhamba ngezikebhe e-US, isuka ethekwini langaphandle (okungukuthi, iPanama) yaya e-US, kuzodingeka bakhokhe cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-600 ngentela yezinkampani kumarandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu (3) , ngakho-ke mancane amathuba okuthi bathuthe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kungekudala.
Ukungenelela Kukahulumeni
NgoSepthemba 2019, iFederal Reserve Bank yajova amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 400 futhi phakathi kukaMashi kuya kuJulayi 2020, yajova enye imali eyizigidigidi ezingama- $ 7.4 emakethe yezivumelwano zokuthenga kabusha. Njengamanje kunemikhumbi emisha ehamba olwandle engu-122 eyalelwe kuze kube unyaka we-2027, enenani eliphelele lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 68.4 okubuza ukungabi bikho kohambo olubucayi kakhulu i-Ines.
Okufanele ngikwenze? Izincomo ze-ICV
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2006, inhlangano i-International Cruise Victims (ICV), okuyimboni ebuka izimboni ezingenzi nzuzo emele izisulu zezehlakalo ezimbi olwandle, kubalwa namacala (okungukuthi, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi), izinsiza zokwelashwa ezinganele, izingozi ezenzeka olwandle, ukunyamalala okungaqondakali, imililo , imikhumbi eyanqamuka, nokusakazeka kwezifo ezibulalayo, ibheke futhi yakhuthaza ukuphepha kwemikhumbi, ukuphepha nokuziphendulela.
I-ICV iphakamise izinyathelo ezizoletha izinselelo ezibhekene nale mboni futhi icele ukuthi kwethulwe izinhlaka zikahulumeni nomphakathi ngaphambi kokuba kuvunyelwe ukuhamba ngomkhumbi uhlelo olubanzi lokuqhamuka ekucekelweni phansi.
I-ICV ifuna:
1. Ukuphenywa emlandweni we-cruise lines COVID-19 infestation emikhunjini eminingi, kugxile kulokho abakwaziyo, ukuthi bazi nini, kanye nezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukunciphisa izinkinga
2. Ukuhlonza abantu ababhekele "izinqumo zokufihla ulwazi kubagibeli nasemphakathini jikelele"
3. Zibophezele ngokugcwele, futhi ube necala, ngokugula nokufa kwabagibeli
4. Ukulungiselela ukungena kabusha ezimakethe, imigqa yokuhamba ngezikebhe kumele, “idale izinqubomgomo ezinemininingwane, esekelwa yisayensi yokusingatha ukuqubuka kwe-COVID-19, iqinisekise abagibeli ukuthi bayayilandela imihlahlandlela yezempilo yomphakathi ekhishwe endaweni ngayinye abasebenza kuyo , kufaka phakathi, kepha kungakhawulelwe ku:
• Izinqubomgomo zangaphambi kokungena, ebhodini, uhambo lwasolwandle kanye nezinqubomgomo zokwehla
• Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuyimpoqo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuqalisa
• Izindawo zokuhlala ezihlukanisayo ezibekelwe abagibeli nabasebenzi ezindaweni ezihlukene
• Uhambo lwasogwini olunomkhawulo ukuvikela impilo yemiphakathi ethekwini
• Izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukudideka ngokomzimba
• Umthamo wezivakashi owehlisiwe ungeqi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-40 omthamo ophelele kuze kube kutholakala umuthi wokugoma we-COVID-19
• Indawo yokudlela yomoya evulekile nokususwa kwazo zonke izinketho zokuzenzela insiza
• Izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kokutheleleka nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuthuthwa kwendle, okuvumela isikhathi esingeziwe phakathi kokujika komkhumbi
• Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela esheshayo ngaphakathi
• Ukufakwa kwezihlungi ze-H13 HEPA
• Isikhulu esizimele se-COVID-19 Compliance Officer (C19CO) esibhekele ukusungula nokuphoqelela imigomo yokuphepha, ukuqeqesha abasebenzi, ukuqapha nokubika ukungathobeli
• Izikhungo zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nemishini
• Amazinga andisiwe okuqinisekiswa kwabasebenzi nokuqeqeshwa
UJamie Barnett, umongameli we-ICV uthe, "Ukuvumela imizila yokuhamba ngolwandle iqhubekele phambili ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nale nqubo kuzobe kusayina izincwadi zokufa ezingezona nje kuphela abagibeli nabasebenzi bayo, kodwa izinkulungwane zabantu eziphoqelekile ukusebenzisana nabo uma sebebuyile. Esikhundleni sokukhathazeka ngabantu ababanakekelayo ngenkathi besemkhunjini, imboni ye-cruise ikhathazekile ngabaninimasheya. Futhi esikhundleni sokufunda nokulungisa amaphutha abo abulalayo, bayaqhubeka bewaphinda kuze kube bayama ngenkani. ”
Kusobala ukuthi imigqa yokuhamba ngesikebhe ichitha isikhathi esiningi, imali nemizamo ebudlelwaneni bomphakathi, kwezokukhangisa nakwezokukhushulwa lapho-ke ekuphepheni kwabagibeli. Ngokusho kukaBarnett, "Njalo uma kuba nokuqubuka okuthile noma isehlakalo sokuphepha, siyakhunjuzwa ukuthi izindlela zokuhamba ngolwandle ziqondene nobudlelwano bomphakathi kunokuphepha komphakathi." Le nhlangano ifuna izinto ezibonakalayo ezizokhombisa ukuzibophezela kwabo ekuphepheni kwabagibeli, “Manje yisikhathi sokuthi le mboni ithathe isikhathi esidingeka kakhulu ukuze ibeke phambili imigomo yayo eyisisekelo nezinto ezibalulekile kuyo. Sekuyisikhathi. ”
Imboni ye-cruise line isitholile ukunakwa kwezindaba zomhlaba wonke okungakaze kube khona kulo nyaka; okuncane kube kuhle. Ngenxa yokuthi imikhumbi isebenza emanzini angalawuleki alawulwa ngokukhululeka ngohulumeni avumela ukungalingani futhi (ezimweni eziningi) imikhuba engaphephile, i-COVID-19 iveze ubuthakathaka obukhulu embonini kanye nohlaka olufihla futhi / noma oluziba izibopho zomthetho, zenhlalo nezokuziphatha. futhi uzama ukuchitha ukuziphendulela komuntu siqu kanye necala.
UBarnett uthola ukuthi, "Idumela nokwethembeka kwemboni yezokuhamba ngezikebhe," kuyaphoqwa ukuthi kuthathwe umthwalo wayo ngezenzo zayo nokungazenzi. “Imihlomulo iyona kanye ukusinda kwale mboni, okuyiyona, hhayi phela eyisidingo kepha kunalokho iyisimo sokunethezeka. Ukunganaki ukuphepha kanye nokuphila kahle kwabasebenzi nabagibeli kuzogcina sekucekele phansi imboni. Abantu bazothola ezinye izindlela zokuya eholidini. Ezinye izindawo abazethembayo. Ezinye izindawo ezizokusho lapho bethi ukuphepha yikhona okubakhathaza kakhulu. ”
Ngeminye imininingwane: https://www.internationalcruisevictims.org
#ukwakha kabusha
