I-United Airlines nezinye izinkampani zenethiwekhi zase-US zibhekana nokuminyanisa imali.

Izinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo zizobaluleka ku-United Airlines njengoba yona nezinye izinkampani zezindiza zase-US zibhekana nokumpintsha imali.

Ukuwohloka komnotho emhlabeni wonke kudale ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwamathikithi endiza kujule kunanoma ubani - abathwali noma abahlaziyi - obekulindelekile.

Esikhundleni sokubhanga imali endiza enkathini ephakeme kakhulu kuleli hlobo njengoba ijwayele ukwenza, i-United nontanga yayo ikhokha isihlengo senkosi ukuze iboleke imali ukuze ibasize phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, lapho isidingo sokuhamba ngendiza sivame ukubanda.

Kepha ngemuva kokuthola yonke into kusuka kumamayela ahamba njalo kuya ezinjinini zezindiza, i-United iphelelwa yimpahla engayisebenzisa njengesibambiso sesikweletu noma idayise ukuze ithole imali. Lokho kunciphisa izinketho zenkampani yenethiwekhi yaseChicago njengoba ibhekene nezidingo ezintsha ngabaprosesa bekhadi lesikweletu ukuze igcine ukheshi ongakhawulelwe eduze kwezinga lamanje lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5, kusho abahlaziyi.

Ithemba lobunye ubusika obungenamandla kwabathwali baseMelika lingakhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe, kusho abahlaziyi, ne-United and Houston-based Continental Airlines njengabathwali okungenzeka babuyele ezingxoxweni zokuhlanganisa.

Ngemuva kokuthi izingxoxo zibhuntshile ngo-2008, laba ababili bakha ubudlelwano obuseduze, noma ukuhlanganiswa okubonakalayo, okusanda kucutshungulwa nguMnyango Wezobulungiswa, okungenzeka kwenze lo msebenzi ungathandeki kunenhlanganisela ephelele.

"Ngicabanga ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwenza umqondo omkhulu," kusho uRoger King, umhlaziyi wezindiza ze-CreditSights Inc.

Imali iqinile kuyo yonke imboni yezindiza, kanye ne-Ft. I-American Airlines ne-Tempe, ezinze e-Ariz. yase-US Airways nazo zingase zibhekane nezinkinga zokuthola imali uma izimo ziba zimbi, kuxwayisa abahlaziyi. I-American ibhekene nezinkokhelo zezikweletu eziqinile onyakeni olandelayo kanye nengcindezi evela kumprosesa wekhadi lesikweletu. I-US Airways inezikweletu ezincane kodwa inemali encane.

"Yonke imboni ibheke ukuwohloka kwezimali kanye nokugeleza kwemali," kusho uBill Warlick, umqondisi omkhulu nomhlaziyi wezindiza eziholayo weFitch Ratings. "Kuyisithombe esibi kakhulu semali engenayo."

Isidingo sokuthatha isinyathelo sicindezela kakhulu i-United. Uma imali eyibambayo yehla, amaphrosesa amabili amakhulu wamakhadi esikweletu, i-JPMorgan Chase & Co. kanye ne-American Express, angase ayidinge ukuthi ibekele eceleni amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi ukuze ivikele ukubhukha kusengaphambili uma kwenzeka inkampani isongeka.

Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano esiqale ukusebenza ngoMashi 1, i-American Express idinga ukuthi i-United iqoqe imali ngesilinganiso esishelelayo uma imali yayo engavinjelwe iwela ngaphansi kwama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.4. Uma i-United ithola ukheshi, iba nkulu imali okufanele iyibeke eceleni. I-United ingase futhi ithembise izindiza, izindlu nezinye izimpahla njengesibambiso.

Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2010, i-Chase izodinga ukuthi i-United ibambe okungenani amabhiliyoni angu-2.5, ilungiselelo ebelingabiza i-United amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-134 ukube belisebenza ngoMeyi. Uma imali ye-United iwela ku-$1 bhiliyoni, u-Chase uzoyidinga ukuthi ibekele eceleni ingxenye yezindleko zayo zenyanga zekhadi lesikweletu, ngokusho kwe-Securities and Exchange Commission.

Nakuba izinkampani zamakhadi esikweletu ziphoqe iFrontier Airlines ukuthi iqophe ngonyaka odlule, abahlaziyi bacabanga ukuthi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi baphishekele izinyathelo ezinqala ezifanayo ne-United ngaphandle kwalapho ukusebenza kwabo kubi kakhulu kuze kufike lapho inkampani yezindiza ingasebenzi.

I-Chase, ikakhulukazi, inobambiswano olujulile ne-United okuyinikeza intshisekelo yokugcina inkampani yenethiwekhi iphezulu. Ikhadi le-Chase's Mileage Plus affinity lingelinye lamakhadi esikweletu aziwa kakhulu, kuyilapho ibhange ngonyaka odlule lanikeza i-United $600 million ukuze ithenge kusengaphambili amamayela ahamba kancane. Okhulumela iChase wenqabile ukuphawula.

"Uma unabafana abakhulu etafuleni njengezinkampani zamakhadi esikweletu, kanye nenkampani yezindiza enkulu njenge-United, akekho ozofaka omunye umuntu ekuqoqweni," kusho iNkosi. "Bazothola indlela yokuyizungeza, ngaphandle uma ingekho indlela yokuyizungeza."

Inhlanhla ye-United ingathuthuka uma umnotho uba ngcono, ukuhamba kwebhizinisi kuhlehliswa noma izintengo zezindiza ziqala ukukhuphuka ngobuqotho. Inkampani ethwala impahla yesithathu ngobukhulu ezweni inqamule ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi yajula kunezimbangi, okuyibeka esimweni sokwehla kwamaphesenti ayi-15 kuya kwangama-20 emalini engenayo okungenzeka ibonwe yizinkampani zezindiza kulo nyaka.

"Sesivele siyazuza ekwehlweni kwezindleko esiqhubekayo njengoba kuboniswe ukusebenza kwethu okuqinile kwezindleko ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa ezedlule," kusho umkhulumeli we-United uJean Medina. "Ngokwesiqondiso sethu sekota yesibili, sisesimweni sokuthola elinye ithuba lokuncintisana kule ndawo, okusibeka esimweni sokubuyela enzuzweni njengoba umnotho ukhula futhi isikhathi eside."

I-United nayo izozuza amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi ahlobene nothango lwamafutha uma amanani kawoyela ehlala eseduze namazinga amanje.

Noma kunjalo, imingcele ye-United yokuqhuba incane, kusho abahlaziyi, futhi ingancishiswa ngokuqhubekayo ngezinto eziningi, ukusuka kwesinye i-spike kawoyela kuya ekuqubukeni okuvuselelwe, okubulala kakhulu komkhuhlane wezingulube.

“Impela, bazozuza kunoma yikuphi ukululama,” kusho uPhilip Baggaley, umqondisi ophethe kanye nomhlaziyi wezikweletu omkhulu kwa-Standard & Poor's. “Ngeshwa iningi lezingqapheli, okuhlanganisa nosomnotho bakwa-Standard & Poor, bakholelwa ukuthi kuzoba ukusimama okubuthakathaka. Kodwa noma yini isiza kulesi sikhathi. ”

I-United nayo idinga ukubuyisa ukuzethemba kwe-Wall Street. Kusukela ngoLwesine, isitoko sayo sehle ngamaphesenti angama-70 kusukela ngoJanuwari, safinyelela ku- $ 3.31 ngesabelo ngasinye, okushiya i-United inemali yemakethe yezigidi ezingama- $ 476.4. Lokho kuncane kwenkampani yezindiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, inkampani ekhiqiza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20.2 ngonyaka odlule.

Olunye uphawu lokuma okuqinile kwe-United kuWall Street: Yavuma ukukhokha inzalo engamaphesenti angu-17 esikweletini esingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-175 ngasekupheleni kukaJuni esatholwa yizingxenye eziyisipele zenani lamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-583.

Ababolekisi abayithandi leyo mali ngoba kungaba nzima ukuqoqa izinjini zamajethi nokunye okunjalo ezindaweni zokugcina impahla emhlabeni wonke uma inkampani yezindiza isongwa. Lelo qiniso kanye nombono we-United njengomdlali obuthakathaka kungenzeka kuphoqe i-United ukuthi ikhokhe amanani aphezulu ukuze iqedele uxhaso lwezimali emakethe exwaya izivumelwano zezindiza, kusho abahlaziyi.

"Lesi yisikhathi sokuzama," kusho lowo owayeyisikhulu esiphezulu ku-Continental uGordon Bethune. “Izindleko zabo zezikweletu zikhomba ukuthi babuthakathaka emakethe. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi kunokuningi ukungaqiniseki laphaya, hhayi kubasebenzi kuphela, kodwa emphakathini nakubanikazi bamasheya.”

I-United ayizange yenze isivumelwano ngenxa yokudangala njengoba abanye besho, kusho uMedina. Umsebenzi “ubhaliswe ngokweqile ngemibandela ebonisa ukwakheka, uhlobo lwesibambiso esisetshenziswayo kanye nemakethe yezikweletu eqinile futhi kuzothuthukisa umnotho wethu njengoba siqhubeka nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele ukubhekana nesimo esinzima.”

I-United inama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.1 ezimpahleni ezingabanjwanga engazisebenzisa ukukhulisa imali, okuhlanganisa izindiza ezindala ezingama-63 kanye nezindlu ezithengiswayo. Inkampani yenethiwekhi ibheka abathengi bekhempasi yase-Elk Grove Township esebenza njengesikhungo sayo sokusebenza kanye nesikhungo sayo sokuqeqesha amabhanoyi eDenver, kusho imithombo.

Kepha ama-Boeing 737 akudala e-United athengiswa kanzima emakethe egcwele amajethi asetshenzisiwe, amile, kuphawula u-Warlick kaFitch. “Basele nempahla ka-$1 billion, kodwa bangaboleka malini, bangahlanganisa malini ngokheshi? Ayisondele ku-$1 billion. Ingakanani imali ebebengayikhokha ezimeni eziphuthumayo? Cishe isondele ku-$500 million ngokubona kwami.”

Imali akuyona inkinga ye-United kuphela. Inkampani yenethiwekhi idinwe ngabathengi ocwaningweni lwakamuva lokwaneliseka, kuyilapho imizamo yayo yokuxhumanisa eduze ukusebenza ne-Continental ekundizeni kwamazwe ngamazwe iye yamiswa ukuphikiswa kokungathembeki ngomzuzu wokugcina okuphakanyiswe uMnyango Wezobulungiswa.

Izinkinga ezishubile, abahlaziyi bacabanga ukuthi, zingaphoqa i-United ukuthi iphinde izame ukuhlangana ne-Continental, okuyinhlanganisela engadala inkampani yezindiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ukuthola uxhaso lwezimali kuseyisithiyo esikhulu ekuhlanganisweni, yize uChase enobudlelwano bezezimali kubo bobabili abathwali futhi angadlala umeshi, kusho imithombo.

Ayikho inkampani yezindiza ezokhuluma ngenkulumo yokuhlanganisa evuselelwe.

Njengoba isidingo sabagibeli sikhuphuka futhi amanani kawoyela akhuphuka, ukuhlanganiswa kuzohlinzeka ngomthombo omusha wemali engenayo ngesikhathi lapho ingcindezi ku-United ikhula.

"Bathola okubi kakhulu kuyo yomibili imihlaba," kusho u-Baggaley nge-United, American kanye ne-US Airways. "Impela kunobungozi bokuqothuka, futhi lezo zimo ezingezinhle zangaphandle ziyanda ingcindezi."