Idume ngokuzibophezela kwayo ekusimamiseni imvelo, Abruzzo izuze idumela elimfanele njengenye yezifunda eziluhlaza kakhulu eYurophu. Le ndawo enhle ibonakala ngokuyinhloko indawo yayo eguquguqukayo nezintaba, ehlanganisa u-99% ohlaba umxhwele womhlaba wayo. Okuphawulekayo phakathi kwalezi zimangaliso zemvelo iGran Sasso massif ebabazekayo, emi njengesiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eziNtabeni ze-Apennines.
Isimo sezulu sase-Abruzzo siyaheha ngokufanayo. Ugu lwe-Adriatic, olunwebeka ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-130, lunikeza isimo sezulu esihlanganisa kahle umoya ohelezayo wasolwandle waseMedithera namathonya apholile avela ezintabeni ezingaphakathi.
I-Abruzzo Wine Roots
Kusukela ngo-6th ekhulwini leminyaka BC, izakhamuzi zase-Abruzzo cishe zazijabulela iwayini le-Abruzzo elakhiwe ama-Etruscans. Namuhla, leli siko elicebile lihlala cishe ngama-wineries angu-250, ama-cooperatives angu-35, kanye nabalimi bamagilebhisi abangaphezu kuka-6,000, nezivini ezihlanganisa amahektha angu-34,000 zikhiqiza amabhodlela amangalisayo angu-1.2 wezigidi. iwayini minyaka yonke. Ngokumangalisayo, u-65% walo mkhiqizo uhloselwe izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, okhiqiza imali engenayo yonyaka elinganiselwa ku-$319 million.
Inkanyezi yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi abomvu yi-Montepulciano d'Abruzzo, ehlanganisa cishe u-80% wokukhiqizwa kwesifunda, nakuba i-Merlot, i-Cabernet Sauvignon, nezinye izinhlobo ezibomvu nazo zikhona. Ngokuphawulekayo, igilebhisi elimhlophe eliyingqayizivele i-Pecorino, eliqanjwe ngezimvu ezake ziklaba ezivinini, lihlaba umxhwele ngesixha sezimbali, amanothi kalamula, ipentshisi elimhlophe, izinongo, i-asidi ecwebile, kanye nokuncane okunosawoti omningi. Ukwengeza, amanye amagilebhisi amhlophe esifunda, njenge-Trebbiano kanye ne-Cococciola, aneqhaza ku-Abruzzo's viticultural landscape ehlukahlukene.
I-Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo, iwayini elipinki elihlukile elivela esifundeni sase-Abruzzo, liyivelakancane, nezivini zalo ezithatha amahektha angama-970 nje kuphela, okuhluke kakhulu kumawayini eMontepulciano naseTrebbiano d'Abruzzo DO. Ukuze ufaneleke ukuba yi-Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo, iwayini kufanele lihlanganise okungenani u-85% wamagilebhisi aseMontepulciano, kuyilapho u-15% osele ungahlanganisa izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezivunyelwe endaweni. Empeleni, amawayini amaningi e-Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo enziwa ngokukhethekile kusukela ku-100% wamagilebhisi aseMontepulciano. Lawa mawayini avunyelwe ukungena emakethe ngoJanuwari 1 wonyaka olandela isivuno.
Okwesigaba esiphakeme se-Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo Superiore, amazinga aqinile aqala ukusebenza. Kufanele iziqhayise ngobuncane obuncane botshwala ngevolumu (ABV) obungu-12.5%, ngokuphambene nesilinganiso esingu-12%, futhi idlule isikhathi sokuvuthwa esinwetshiwe, ngokuvamile esiyizinyanga ezine esikhundleni sesibili esijwayelekile.
I-Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-rose of Abruzzo," ithola umbala wayo ocebile kusukela ku-maceration emfushane yamahora angu-24, lapho kukhishwa khona umbala nama-tannins ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-anthocyanin esikhumbeni samagilebhisi. Lokhu kuhluka kuma-rosés alula ahlukanisa ijusi esikhumbeni ngokushesha.
Ngaphambi kokufaka ibhodlela, i-Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo ivamise ukuguga ngensimbi engagqwali, okuholela kuphrofayela yezithelo egcwele ukuthintwa kwe-asidi ethambile, umlingisi othonywe ukukhanya kwelanga okuchichimayo kwesifunda, ukuphakama okuphezulu, nomoya oqabulayo wasezintabeni. Izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zaleli wayini zibonisa ama-tannins ahlanganiswe kahle kanye nenani elikhulu lezithelo ezibomvu ezinambithekayo ezithuthukayo kuphela ngokuya ngeminyaka. Uma ufuna enye indlela ye-rosé yesitayela se-Provence kanye nokuthanda okubomvu okukhanyayo okufana ne-Beaujolais Villages, i-Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo imele ukukhetha okuthakazelisayo.
Ikhwalithi Ithola Ukunakwa
Kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, i-Abruzzo ihlangabezane nenguquko emangalisayo embonini yayo yokwenza iwayini, igxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinga lewayini. Imindeni egxile kakhulu kuleli siko elicebile lokwenza iwayini iziqhenye kakhulu ngomsebenzi wayo, ikhombisa ukuzinikela kwayo ngokuveza amagama ayo kumalebula ewayini. Lokhu kugcizelela okuvuselelwe kwe-terroir, okuhlanganisa izici ezifana nokwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukuma kwemithambeka, isimo sezulu, nefilosofi yokwenza iwayini, kuye kwawaphakamisa kakhulu amazinga okwenza iwayini kule ndawo. Amasu amasha aphinde afaka ukuguga okunwetshiwe kwe-oki, i-battonage esetshenziswa ewayinini le-Pecorino, kanye nokuhlola iwayini elibilayo emathangeni e-terracotta njengenye indlela yensimbi yendabuko engagqwali. Lezi zinto ezintsha zihlangene zinomthelela ekuphakamiseni isithunzi sika-Abruzzo esigabeni sewayini somhlaba wonke.
Isitifiketi sibambe indawo ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni iwayini le-Abruzzo kwamanye. Uma kubhekwa isimo sezulu sesifunda esithanda iwayini, inani elikhulu lezivini e-Abruzzo selisebenzise izindlela zokulima ngokwemvelo. Izinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza iwayini esifundeni ngokuziqhenya zibonisa izimpawu zemvelo noma igama elithi BIO kumalebula azo, okubonisa ukuzibophezela kwazo ekulimeni i-organic viticulture. Ama-wineries amaningana enza ukulima okuphilayo kodwa abakatholi isitifiketi esisemthethweni. Lokhu kugcizelelwa ezindleleni ze-organic kuvame ukuholela emawayinini anezinambitheka ezihlanzekile zezithelo kanye nokuthungwa okuhlukile, okufaka isandla kumlingisi ohlukile wewayini le-Abruzzo.
Abakhiqizi bewayini nabo bahlola izitifiketi ezihlukile ukuze bazihlukanise.
Abanye baphishekele izitifiketi ezifana neVegan Certified and Equality Diversity and Inclusion, isitifiketi esisha esinikezwa i-Arborus. Lezi zitifiketi zibonisa ukuzibophezela kwesifunda ekusimameni, ekuhlanganiseni, nasekuphekeleni okuthandwayo okuhlukahlukene kwabathengi.
Umhlaba
Inhlabathi yesivini sase-Abruzzo yaziwa ngokuba khona kwesihlabathi nobumba. Lokhu kwakheka kwenhlabathi eyingqayizivele kunomthelela ezimfanelweni ezihlukile kanye nezici zamawayini akhiqizwa esifundeni. Umhlabathi oyisihlabathi unezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokudonsa amanzi, okuvumela amanzi amaningi ukuba adlule ngokushesha. Lesi sici sizuzisa kakhulu ezifundeni ezinemvula ephezulu njengoba kuvimbela ukugcwala kwamanzi futhi kusiza ukugcina izinga lomswakama elilinganayo lezihlahla zomvini. Ukwengeza, izakhiwo zesihlabathi ezibamba ukufudumala zingakha i-microclimate efanelekayo yokukhula kwewayini. Ukufudumala okugcinwe emini kukhishwa kancane kancane phakathi nobusuku obupholile, okungakhuthaza ngisho nokuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi. Imiphumela? Iwayini elinephunga elimnandi lezithelo, i-acidity enhle, ne-finesse ethile.
Inhlabathi yobumba inomthamo ophezulu wokubamba amanzi, inenzuzo eminyakeni eyomile njengoba iqinisekisa ukuthi imithi yamagilebhisi ithola ukutholakala komswakama okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kusiza imivini ukuthi ibekezelele izikhathi zesomiso futhi inomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwamagilebhisi ngokugxila okwengeziwe kanye nokujula kwe-flavour. Ubumba futhi lugcina amaminerali kanye nezakhamzimba ezidedelwa kancane kancane emivinini, okuthuthukisa impilo yonke kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bewayini.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwesihlabathi nobumba kwenza inhlabathi yesivini sase-Abruzzo ilinganise phakathi kokukhipha amanzi kanye nokugcina umswakama futhi ibalulekile ekukhuleni komvini, ukuvimbela izimpande ukuthi zingagcwali amanzi ngenkathi kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okuqhubekayo ngezikhathi ezomile. Ukuba khona kwamaminerali obumba kungaboleka uhlamvu lweminerali ehlukile ewayinini, okwengeza ebunkingeni kanye nokujula kwawo.
Ukuqeqeshwa Kwemvini
Uhlelo lokuqeqesha umvini wendabuko e-Abruzzo, olwaziwa ngokuthi "i-pergola abruzzese," lugxile kakhulu efa lesifunda lokwenza iwayini futhi libambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekutshalweni kwezivini. Le ndlela ibonakala ngokusebenzisa kwayo izigxobo zokhuni eziqondile kanye noxhaxha lwezintambo zesikafula noma zensimbi, eziklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze zisekele amagatsha omvini abonisa ukuhlakanipha okujulile nenjongo.
Production
Ukukhiqizwa kwewayini kwe-Abruzzo kuhlukaniswe ngamawayini angama-42% amhlophe, ama-58% abomvu kanye ne-rose (rosato). Ngokuphawulekayo, lesi sifunda saziwa nge-Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo edumile, ethathwa njengelinye lamawayini ahamba phambili e-Italy. Nakuba i-Trebbiano Toscano kanye ne-Trebbiano Abruzzese kuseyizinhlobo ezimhlophe eziyinhloko, izinhlobo zomdabu ezifana ne-Pecorino, i-Passerina, i-Cocociola, ne-Montonico ziyanda, zengeza ukuhlukahluka emnikelweni wewayini.
DOC, DOCG
E-Italy, amawayini ahlukaniswa futhi alawulwa ngokusekelwe kwikhwalithi yawo, imvelaphi, kanye nezinhlobo zamagilebhisi. Izigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile zamawayini ase-Italy yi-DOC (Denominazione di Origine, Controllata) kanye ne-DOCG (Denominazine di Origine Controllata e Garantita).
Igama le-DOC licacisa indawo lapho amagilebhisi atshalwa khona kanye newayini elikhiqizwayo. E-Abruzzo izifunda ze-DOC zifaka i-Montepulciano d'Abruzzo, i-Trebbiano d'Abruzzo kanye ne-Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo. Imithetho ye-DOC iveza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni iwayini kuleso sifunda. E-Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC kufanele okungenani kube namagilebhisi aseMontepulciano asetshenziselwa ukwenza iwayini elibomvu. Amawayini e-DOC kufanele ahambisane nezindlela ezithile zokukhiqiza okuhlanganisa imithetho yokuguga, okuqukethwe kotshwala, njll. ngenhloso yokugcina izinga kanye nezici zewayini lendabuko. Amawayini e-DOC agadwa futhi agunyazwe yinhlangano elawulayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayahlangabezana namazinga amisiwe, aqinisekise abathengi ngobuqiniso nekhwalithi yewayini.
Ukuqokwa kwe-DOCG ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba esiphakeme okubonisa imithetho eqinile nekhwalithi eqinisekisiwe. Iwayini le-DOCG liyahlolwa futhi liyabhekisiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ehlukile futhi amele okungcono kakhulu ezifundeni zawo. Izifunda zivame ukucaciswa ngokwendawo. E-Abruzzo, i-Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Termane iyindawo engaphansi kwe-Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOCG, eyaziwa ngokukhiqiza iwayini eliphezulu. Kuvame ukuba nemikhawulo ekuvuneni okuphezulu ngehektha ngalinye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amagilebhisi asetshenziswa kulawa mawayini asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Kukhona futhi uphawu Lwesiqinisekiso kubhodlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqiniso nekhwalithi.
Ikusasa
Amawayini e-Abruzzo anekusasa eliqhakazile lasekhaya kanye nelamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yokuzinikela kwawo eqophelweni eliphezulu, ekusimameni, nasekukhuthazeni izinhlobo zawo zamagilebhisi eziyingqayizivele. Ifa lewayini elicebile lalesi sifunda, kuhlangene nokuzinikela kwaso ekuthuthukiseni nasekusunguleni izinto ezintsha, kusenza sibe umdlali othembisayo embonini yewayini yomhlaba wonke.
Ngombono wami
1. Fattoria Nicodemi. 2021 Trebbiano d'Abruzzo DOC Cocciopesto. Abruzzo
Iwayini eliyingqayizivele neliklanywe ngobunono:
· I-Teroir: Isivini sikhula kahle endaweni ye-limestone enombhalo ophakathi nendawo kanye nenhlabathi yobumba.
· Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezivini: Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa lwe-Abruzzo Pergola olunogqinsi olumangalisayo lwezitshalo eziyi-1600 ehektheleni.
· Iminyaka Yesivini: Izivini kulesi sivini zineminyaka engu-50 ubudala, zinomthelela ekujuleni kwewayini kanye nesimilo.
· Inqubo Yokwenza Iwayini: Amagilebhisi ayadelelwa, kodwa awacindezelwa.
· Ukuvutshelwa: Kusetshenziswa imvubelo yemvelo noma ezungezile.
· I-Maceration: Iwayini lidlula kunqubo ye-maceration ethatha izinyanga ezi-5, ngokushaya ngesandla phansi kwenziwa phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-15.
· Ukuvuthwa: Ngemva kokuqothuka, iwayini libuyela ethangini le-cocciopesto ukuze lithuthukiswe.
Izimbiza Ze-Cocciopesto: Lezi zimbiza eziyingqayizivele zenziwe ngengxube yezitini ezingavuthiwe, izingcezu zamatshe, isihlabathi, i-binder, namanzi; omiswe emoyeni okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30.
· I-Micro-Oxygenation: Izimbiza ze-cocciopesto zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izimfanelo ze-organoleptic zewayini namaphunga. Ukuma kwe-micro-positioning ethile kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-micro-oxygenation elawulwayo enothisa iwayini ngaphandle kokukhipha amakha angafuneki.
· I-Wine Character: Umphumela uba iwayini elicashile nelithambile, elihlukaniswa ngohlamvu lwalo lwamaminerali.
· Ukufakwa emabhodleleni: Iwayini lifakwa ebhodleleni ngaphandle kokuhlunga, ligcina ubumsulwa nokujula kwalo.
· Ukuguga: Iwayini liguga izinyanga ezintathu ezengeziwe ukuze lifinyelele amandla alo agcwele.
amanothi:
· Umbala: Ibonisa umbala ophuzi ngotshani onamaphuzu avelele kalamula
· Ama-Aromas: Isixha sihlotshiswe ngamanothi ezimbali athambile, anikeza umuzwa wokuhogela omuhle nephunga elimnandi.
· Ulwanga: Iwayini liletha inhlanganisela ethokozisayo yoju kanye nezinambitheka zezithelo, ezihambisana ngokuhambisana nokusanhlamvu. Umphumela uba uhambo lokunambitha olungalindelekile noluguquguqukayo
· Inqubekelaphambili: Ngokuphuza ngakunye iwayini livuleka ngobunkimbinkimbi, libonisa inhlawulo yalo emangalisayo kanye nomlingiswa ocolisisiwe, olinganiselayo.
· Sekukonke: Iphawuleka ngekhala eliqhakazile nelinohlaza, ulwanga oluphilayo noluqhutshwa ngamaminerali, kanye nemvelo eguqukayo nenhle.
2. I-Barone Cornacchia. 2021 Trebbiano d'Abruzzo DOC Poggio Varano. 100% Trebbiano. I-organic eqinisekisiwe evela enhlabathini enamatshe e-calcareous.
Ukuvutshelwa kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngenxa yesenzo semvubelo yendabuko. Uhambo luqala ngokuchotshozwa, ukucekelwa phansi, nokuvutshelwa kwamagilebhisi ngezikhumba zawo ziphelele. I-Maceration inwetshwa ngokucophelela izinsuku ezingama-32 emathangeni ensimbi engagqwali, igcina izinga lokushisa elilawulwayo eliphakathi kuka-16-18 degrees Celsius. Ukulandela le maceration ende, ijusi ihlukaniswa kancane nezikhumba ngomshini othambile. Iwayini libe seliba nesikhathi sokuvuthwa esiyizinyanga eziyi-12 emathangeni ensimbi engagqwali kumaleyisi alo. I-batonnage evamile igcina i-lees imisiwe, yengeza ukujula nokuba yinkimbinkimbi. Ukuthinta okokugcina isikhathi sokuguga ebhodleleni cishe izinyanga eziyisi-6, okuvumela iwayini ukuthi liguquke futhi lifinyelele amandla alo aphelele.
amanothi:
· Engilazini, i-Trebbiano d'Abruzzo DOC ka-Barone Cornacchia yango-2021 u-Poggio Varano wethula umbala ophuzi ojulile, nokugqamile okukhangayo kwegolide ne-amber.
· Iphunga: Iwayini likhipha isixha esinothe ngamanothi ezithelo ezivuthiwe nezomisiwe, ezihambisana namacebo athambile ama-rose petals. Ama-herbal nuances acashile we-mint ne-sage engeza ukujula nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kuphrofayili enamakha.
· Ulwanga: Iwayini linomzimba ogcwele futhi oyindilinga odonsa izinzwa. Uhambo lufinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokuthatha isikhathi eside, lunikeze iziphakamiso ezithakazelisayo zokubaba ezithuthukisa umuzwa wokunambitha usuwonke.
© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.
