Izilwane zasendle zihamba phambili ngokuheha izivakashi futhi ziwumthombo wemali yezivakashi e-Afrika ngaphandle kwamagugu anomlando namasiko izwekazi elinikezwe wona.
I-Wildlife photographic safaris iheha izigidi zezivakashi ezivela eYurophu, eMelika nase-Asia ukuthi zivakashele leli zwekazi ukuze zichithe amaholide azo ezindaweni ezivikelekile zezilwane zasendle.
Naphezu kwemithombo yayo enothile yezilwane zasendle, i-Afrika isabhekene nezinkinga zokuzingela ngokungemthetho okuze kube manje, ezikhungathekise ukongiwa kwezilwane zasendle naphezu kwemizamo ekhona yokubopha lesi simo. Ohulumeni base-Afrika ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zezilwane zasendle nezokongiwa kwemvelo manje basebenza ndawonye ukuze basindise izilwane zasendle zase-Afrika ekuqothulweni, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala.
Abaqaphi bezilwane zasendle e-Afrika bangabalingani bokuqala kwezokongiwa kwemvelo ababezinikele ekuvikeleni izilwane zasendle osizini lwabantu, kodwa besebenza engcupheni yabantu nezilwane zasendle ababezibophezele ukuthi bazivikele.
Abaqaphi babhekene nezingcindezi eziningi ezingokwengqondo eziholela emiphumeleni eyingozi yempilo yengqondo. Bavame ukubhekana nezingxabano ezinobudlova ngaphakathi nangaphandle komsebenzi wabo.
Abaqaphi abaningi babona imindeni yabo nje kanye ngonyaka, okubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu ebuhlotsheni bomuntu siqu kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo.
Ngokwesibonelo, eTanzania, umholi womphakathi wabulawa umsolwa owayezingela ngokungemthetho emzamweni wokuvimbela ukuzingela ngokungemthetho eTarangire National Park, ipaki edumile yezivakashi zezilwane zasendle enyakatho yeTanzania.
Umholi walesi sigodi uMnu. Faustine Sanka wanqunywa ikhanda ngumsolwa owayezingela ngokungemthetho, owaqeda kabuhlungu impilo yomholi womphakathi ngasepaki ngoFebhuwari nonyaka.
Amaphoyisa athi ukubulawa ngesihluku kukasihlalo wesigodi, uMnu. Faustine Sanka kwenzelwa nje ukukhungathekisa ukulwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho eTarangire National Park ecebile ngezindlovu nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zase-Afrika.
Abasolwa ngokuzingela ngokungemthetho babulale umholi walesi sigodi ngokumnquma ikhanda besebenzisa insimbi ecijile. Ngemuva kokumbulala, isidumbu sakhe besigoqwe ngopulasitiki nesithuthuthu sakhe abesigibele sishiywe lapho, kusho amaphoyisa.
Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli wonyaka odlule, osolwa ngokuba yilungu lamasosha ahlomile adubula abagibeli bezilwane zasendle abahlanu kanye nomshayeli eVirunga National Park eDemocratic Republic of Congo.
Bekuwukuhlasela okubi kakhulu emlandweni we-Virunga onyantisa igazi, futhi okwakamuva ochungechungeni olude lwezigameko ezibuhlungu lapho abaqaphi belahlekelwe khona izimpilo zabo bevikela igugu lemvelo leplanethi, kusho imibiko yabezindaba yezokongiwa kwemvelo.
Naphezu kokwanda kokuqwashisa ngokuba sengozini kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezithandwa kakhulu nezinamandla emhlabeni njengezindlovu nobhejane, kuncane ukuqaphela futhi cishe alukho ucwaningo ngengcindezi nemithelela yempilo yengqondo engaba khona kulabo abajutshwe ukubavikela, kusho abalondolozi bemvelo.
"Kufanele sinakekele abantu abenza umehluko," kusho uJohan Jooste, inhloko yamasosha alwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho eSouth Africa National Parks (SANParks).
Eqinisweni, ucwaningo olwengeziwe selwenziwe mayelana ne-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) phakathi kwezindlovu kulandela isigameko sokuzingela ngokungemthetho kunakunogada abazivikelayo.
Ongoti bezokongiwa kwezilwane zasendle baphinde bathi amaphesenti angama-82 abaqaphi e-Afrika abhekane nesimo esisongela ukuphila lapho besemsebenzini.
Bachaze izimo zokusebenza eziyinselele, ukucwaswa komphakathi, ukuhlukaniswa nomndeni, amathuluzi asezingeni eliphansi kanye nokuqeqeshwa okunganele kwabaqaphi abaningi, amaholo aphansi kanye nenhlonipho encane njengezinye izinsongo ezibhekene nabalindi base-Afrika.
IThin Greenline Foundation, inhlangano ezinze eMelbourne ezinikele ekwesekeni abaqaphi, ibihlanganisa imininingwane yokushona kwabaqaphi emsebenzini iminyaka eyi-10 edlule.
Amaphesenti aphakathi kwama-50 nangama-70 okufa kwabasebenzi bezilwane zasendle okurekhodiwe e-Afrika nakwamanye amazwekazi anothile ngezilwane zasendle athwalwa abazingeli. Iphesenti elisele lokufa okunjalo kungenxa yezimo eziyinselele abaqaphi ababhekana nazo nsuku zonke, njengokusebenza eduze kwezilwane eziyingozi nasezindaweni eziyingozi.
“Ngingakutshela ngokucacile mayelana nokufa kwabantu abangu-100 kuya ku-120 esikwaziyo unyaka ngamunye,” kusho uSean Willmore, umsunguli weThin Green Line Foundation nomongameli we-International Ranger Federation, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo eyengamele izinhlangano zabalindi ezingama-90 emhlabeni wonke.
U-Willmore ukholelwa ukuthi isibalo sangempela somhlaba wonke singase sibe phezulu kakhulu, njengoba le nhlangano ingenayo imininingwane evela emazweni amaningana ase-Asia naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Abaqaphi baseTanzania nakulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Afrika babhekene nezimo ezifanayo, ezisongela ukuphila ngenkathi besemsebenzini wokuvikela izilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi eziqiwini zezwe, eziqiwini nasezindaweni ezilondolozwe amahlathi.
Isiqiwu iSelous, indawo enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika evikelwe izilwane, asizange sigwemeke ezigamekweni ezimbi ezibhekene nabalindi. Basebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, benqamula amakhulu amakhilomitha begada ukuze bavikele izilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi izindlovu.
Begcwele ukucindezeleka nezinkinga ezingokwengqondo, abaqaphi benza imisebenzi yabo ngokuzibophezela okuphelele ukuze baqinisekise ukusinda kwezilwane zasendle eTanzania nase-Afrika.
Esiqiwini iSelous, abaqaphi bahlala kude nemindeni yabo; bangene ezingozini zokuphila okuhlanganisa ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane zasendle kanye nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni abavela ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, ikakhulukazi labo ababulala izilwane zasendle ukuze bathole inyama yasehlathini.
Imiphakathi eyakhele le paki (Selous) ayinawo omunye umthombo wamaprotheni ngaphezu kwenyama yasehlathini. Ayikho imfuyo, izinkukhu kanye nokudoba kule ngxenye ye-Afrika, isimo esenza abantu basemaphandleni bazingele inyama yasehlathini.
Abaqaphi kuleli paki nabo, bahlushwa ukucindezeleka okungokwengqondo emsebenzini. Abaningi babo bashiye imindeni yabo emadolobheni noma kwezinye izindawo eTanzania ukuze bavikele izilwane zasendle eSiqiwini Selous.
“Sinezingane zethu ezihlala zodwa. Angazi noma izingane zami zenza kahle esikoleni noma cha. Kwesinye isikhathi asixhumani nemindeni yethu ekude ngokucabangela ukuthi azikho izinsiza zokuxhumana ezitholakala kule ndawo,” kusho unogada etshela i-eTN.
Ukuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini, manje okuwumthombo ohamba phambili wokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu ngabanye e-Tanzania, akusatholakali kwezinye izindawo zesiqiwu Selous ngenxa yezindawo.
“Wonke umuntu ufana nesitha lapha. Imiphakathi yakule ndawo ifuna inyama yezilwane, abazingela ngokungemthetho bafuna izindondo zebhizinisi, uhulumeni ufuna imali, abavakashi bafuna ukuvikelwa kubaphangi nokunye okunjalo. Lo mthwalo ungemuva kwethu,” kusho lo mqaphi etshela i-eTN.
Osopolitiki nabaphathi bezilwane zasendle bashayela izimoto eziwubukhazikhazi emadolobheni amakhulu bejabulela impilo yezinga eliphezulu, bezama kanzima abaqaphi ababhekene nakho njengamanje.
