Lokho akuvamile ukuba kube yiqiniso kunamanje, njengoba izitoko eziningi zezindiza zase-US zisesilayidini eside futhi ezingcono kakhulu zikalwa ngokuthi zilahlekelwe kangakanani ngevelu.
Ngonyaka odlule, imali yemakethe ehlanganisiwe - intengo yesabelo sesitoko ephindwe ngenani lamasheya asele - yezindiza ezinkulu eziyi-10 zehle ngamaphesenti angama-57, zalahlekelwa yinani lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-23.5.
Ngaphandle kweSouthwest Airlines Co., eye yagqama kuphela ngenxa yokuthi yehle cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-12, inani lemakethe lamanye ayisishiyagalolunye lehle ngamaphesenti angama-73.
Umtshali-zimali onemali eningi kanye nokungazi okuyisisekelo ngemboni yezindiza angathenga yonke indawo ngemali engaphansi kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-18.
“Angisakhumbuli isikhathi lapho silahlekelwa khona kangaka amanani ezindiza,” kusho umhlaziyi wezindiza zaseWall Street uJulius Malditis.
UMnu. Maldutis, umongameli wenkampani yakhe yezeluleko, i-Aviation Dynamics, usola lonke lolu bishi emananini kaphethiloli wendiza. Izinkampani zezindiza zazibaluleke kakhulu lapho amanani kaphethiloli ayephansi eminyakeni emibili edlule; njengoba amanani kaphethiloli endiza ekhuphuka, amanani ezinkampani zezindiza ehla, esho.
“Uma ubuyela emuva ku-August ngo-2006, lapho amanani kawoyela ehle cishe ngamaphesenti angu-50, amasheya ezinkampani zezindiza ayenyuke ngamaphesenti angu-45,” kusho uMnu. Maldutis. "Kusukela ngoJanuwari wonyaka odlule, amanani kawoyela asanda kunyuka unyaka wonke, namanani ezimpahla zezindiza zehla."
Manje, izindleko zikaphethiloli sezithathe indawo yezindleko zabasebenzi njengezindleko ezinkulu kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwendiza, okwenza intengo yamasheya endiza incike kakhulu emananini kawoyela, kusho uMnu. Maldutis.
"Ikusasa lemboni yezindiza zaseMelika lonke lincike kuwoyela," esho.
Amathonsi amakhulu
Okushayeke kakhulu phakathi kwezinkampani ezithwala izimoto eziyi-10 ezinkulu kube yi-US Airways Group Inc., inani layo lemakethe lehle ngamaphesenti angama-92 ngonyaka odlule: lisuka ku-$2.7 billion ngoJuni 27, 2007, laya ku-$226 million ngoLwesihlanu.
Inkampani yenethiwekhi, eyakhiwe ngoSepthemba 2005 ngenkathi i-America West Holdings Inc. ihlangana ne-US Airways Group yangaphambilini futhi iyikhipha ekuvikelweni kokuqothuka, inyuke yafinyelela cishe ku-$5.8 billion ngoNovemba 2006 ngemva kokuba iphakamise ukuhlanganiswa ne-Delta Air Lines Inc.
Leso siphakamiso sigqugquzele ukweqa okujwayelekile kwezintengo zesitoko sezindiza njengoba abatshalizimali babeqagela ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa okuhle kuzofaneleka okunye.
Nokho, i-Delta yasichitha isithembiso se-US Airways, esihoxise isicelo sayo ngomhla ka-Jan. 31, 2007. I-Midwest Air Group Inc. yenqabe ukuthengwa kwe-AirTran Holdings Inc. futhi yakhetha ukuthenga ngasese. Kwaba namahemuhemu amanye amadili kodwa awazange enziwe.
Amasheya e-AMR Corp., umzali we-American Airlines Inc., afinyelele ku-$40.66 ngo-Jan. 19, 2007, izinga lawo eliphezulu kakhulu kusukela ngoJanuwari 2001. Kodwa njengezinye izinkampani zenethiwekhi, i-AMR ibone amasheya ayo eshelela kancane kancane kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Ivale ngokuphansi njenge-$5.22 isabelo ngoJuni 12, iqede uLwesihlanu ngo-$5.35.
Lokho kubuyisela amasheya e-AMR emazingeni abo okuhweba entwasahlobo ka-2003 lapho inkampani igwema kancane ukufakwa kwecala lokuqothuka kweSahluko 11.
Izinkampani zezindiza ezifake isicelo sokuvikelwa kweSahluko 11 zivele ezinqumweni zenkantolo ngesitoko esisha esinentengo ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, lawo mazinga aphambili awazange abonakale ngemuva nje kokuthi amasheya eqale ukuhweba.
I-Delta yaqala ukuhweba isitoko sayo esisha ngoMeyi 3, 2007. Yavala ngalolo suku ngo-$20.72 isabelo. NgoLwesihlanu, ivale ngo-$5.52, yehle ngamaphesenti angama-73 ukusuka ekuvaleni kwayo kosuku lokuqala.
I-Northwest Airlines Corp. yaziqhenya ngentengo yesitoko engu-$25.15 ngoMeyi 31, 2007, usuku lwayo lokuqala lokuhweba ngemva kokuphuma enkantolo yokuqothuka. NjengeDelta, iNorthwest yabona amasheya ayo enyuka enanini ngosuku olulandelayo lokuhweba, kwase kuqala isilayidi. Amasheya ayo ngoLwesihlanu avale ngo-$6.31, phansi ngamaphesenti angama-75 kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Ngisho nokuhlanganiswa kweDelta neNyakatho-ntshonalanga, okumenyezelwe ngo-Ephreli 14, akuzange kuwagcine amanani abo esitoko enyuka. Amasheya eDelta ehle ngamaphesenti angama-47 kusukela ngalolo suku, kanti iNorthwest iphume ngamaphesenti angama-44.
I-UAL Corp., umzali we-United Airlines Inc., yaphuma enkantolo yokuqothuka ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari 2006, futhi yabona amasheya ayo evaleka ku-$33.90 ngosuku lwayo lokuqala lokuhweba ngo-Feb. 6, 2006. NgoLwesihlanu, amasheya ayo abethengiswa ngo-$5.56 lilinye, phansi. Amaphesenti angama-84.
Eqinisweni, umtshali-zimali angathenga sonke isitoko se-UAL ngamadola ayizigidi ezingu-700 - noma imali engenayo engaphansi kwezinsuku eziyisithupha ye-Exxon Mobil Corp.
Kodwa okungenani abatshalizimali kulezo zindiza ze-10 basenayo imali esele. Abantu abafaka imali ezinkampanini zenethiwekhi njenge-MAXjet Airways Inc., Aloha I-Air Inc., i-Skybus Airlines Inc., i-Eos Airlines Inc. kanye ne-Silverjet PLC babone lezo zinkampani zenethiwekhi ziqothuka futhi ziyeka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule.
I-Frontier Airlines Holdings Inc. iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kodwa kudingeke ukuthi ifune ukuvikelwa kweSahluko 11 kubabolekisi. I-Champion Air Inc. kanye ne-Big Sky Airways Inc. azizange zisweleke, kodwa izindleko ezikhuphukayo zabashukumisela ukuba bamise ukusebenza, futhi abaninimasheya bomnikazi we-Big Sky, i-MAIR Inc., bavotele uLwesihlanu ukuthi baqede futhi baphume ebhizinisini. Iyunithi ye-Mesa Air Group Inc.'s Air Midwest izoyeka ukusebenza namuhla.
Ukuqothuka okwengeziwe?
UMnu. Maldutis uthe ngaphandle uma amanani kaphethiloli ehla, lokho kwehluleka kwezindiza kuyisiqalo nje.
"NgoSuku Lwezabasebenzi, sizobe sesibone inqwaba yezinkampani ezincane zivaliwe," kusho yena. "Sizobona-ke inkampani enkulu yenethiwekhi ingena eSahlukweni 11." Uma uwoyela ufinyelela ku-$150 nangaphezulu njengoba abanye bebikezela, “ingabe sizobona cishe yonke le mboni iqothuka?” Kubuza uMnumzane uMalditis.
Umtshali-zimali owaziwayo u-Warren Buffett wazama isandla sakhe ekutshaleni imali yendiza ngo-1989, wabeka amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-358 esitokweni esithandwayo e-US Airways Group. Uphumile ekuhlangenwe nakho kokunquma ukuthi angaphinde atshale imali ezinkampanini zezindiza, nakuba inkampani yakhe yenze inzuzo enkulu ekutshaleni imali.
Lokho kuholele ekutheni aphawule ngokuthi unomuntu angamfonela amxoshe kulolu daba uma ephinda enquma ukutshala imali ezinkampanini zezindiza. Encwadini yakhe yaminyaka yonke eya kubanikazi bamasheya e-Berkshire Hathaway ngoFebhuwari, uMnu. Buffett waphawula:
“Ibhizinisi elibi kakhulu yilelo elikhula ngokushesha, elidinga imali enkulu ukuze likhule, bese lihola kancane noma lingatholi mali. Cabanga ngezindiza. Lapha inzuzo ehlala njalo yokuncintisana ibonakale ingekho kusukela ezinsukwini zamaWright Brothers,” kubhala uMnu. Buffett.
“Impela, ukube usonxiwankulu obona kude ebekhona eKitty Hawk, ubeyobenzela umusa omkhulu labo abamlandelayo ngokudubula u-Orville.
“Isidingo semboni yezindiza sokuthola imali kusukela kuleyo ndiza yokuqala besilokhu singaneliseki. Abatshalizimali bathele imali emgodini ongenamkhawulo, bekhangwa ukukhula lapho bekumele baxoshwe yikho,” wengeza.
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