Phela, bekungaba yini ukuvakasha kwaseThailand ngaphandle kwama-tuk-tuks, ukubhucungwa kwesintu, nokudla okumangalisayo komgwaqo? Izwe lithole izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe eziyizigidi ezingama-39.8 ngonyaka ka-2019 futhi lehla laya ezigidini eziyi-6.7 ngonyaka odlule. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezivakashi, kwenzekani kubasebenzi abayimijondolo? Kade benzani? Futhi babhekana kanjani nalesi simo? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izobukeka kanjani ngemva kwe-COVID-1 lapho amabhizinisi amaningi nabantu ngabanye bethinteka?
Lolu cwaningo lufune impendulo kubasebenzi bezokuvakasha abangahlelekile e-Thailand, kanye nezingxoxo ezingu-72 eziqhutshwa abaqondisi bezokuvakasha abathintwe yi-COVID-19 ngoDisemba 2020. Laba baqondisi bakhethwa ngenxa yolwazi lwabo olunabile lwasemuva lwezindawo ezintathu ezihamba phambili eThailand. - Bangkok, Phuket futhi Chiang Mai. Abaqondisi bokuvakasha bayibhuloho phakathi kwezivakashi kanye nemboni engahlelekile. Izingxoxo zinikeze ukuqonda ngezimo zokuphila zamanje zabangu-72 okwaxoxwa nabo. Babuzwa ngomsebenzi wabo nesimo sezimali, amasu okuphila, ukuthi hlobo luni lokusekelwa abaludingayo, namathemba abo esikhathi esizayo esiseduze.
Ngokungamangalisi, imiphumela iveze ukuthi u-94% wabasebenzi abangekho emthethweni okwaxoxwa nabo baye baba nomthelela wokuqashwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-86% ahlangabezane nobunzima bezezimali okuholela emiphumeleni engemihle empilweni yengqondo kanye nezinga lempilo. Abaningi okwaxoxwa nabo babika ukuthi bazizwa bedangele ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamathemba ekusasa.
Ukuze ziphile, izisebenzi eziningi ezingasebenzi ziye zaphendukela kubangane nomndeni ukuze zithole ukusekelwa ngokwezimali. Abanye baye bathengisa izinto zabo siqu, bathatha imali ebolekiwe noma bafuna umsebenzi ongaphandle kwezindawo zokuvakasha nezokuvakasha ukuze bondle imikhaya yabo. Abaningi bebeshaya phansi ngonyawo bathi imikhankaso kahulumeni yokukhuthaza ezokuvakasha kwasekhaya nokwesekwa ayenele futhi ayifinyeleli kubo bonke abasebenzi abaswele, ikakhulukazi labo abasemgwaqweni. Sekukonke, imiphumela yocwaningo iqinisekise ukuthi bangaki abasebenzi abangekho emthethweni abathembele ezivakashini zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze baziphilise.
“Ngibhekene nezinkinga zezimali futhi nginezikweletu okwamanje. I-Covid-19 ilethe izinkinga zomndeni wami futhi ngacindezeleka. Kwadingeka ngishintshe umsebenzi ukuze ngibe umdobi ukuze ngithole imali eyengeziwe yokondla umkhaya wami. Akukho ukuphromotha okwanele noma umkhankaso kuhulumeni wokuthola izivakashi zasekhaya. Ngiyethemba ukuthi izwe lizovulwa maduze futhi litholakalele umgomo.”
Njengoba sekushiwo, ukwesekwa kwamalungu omndeni kanye nomphakathi bekubaluleke kakhulu futhi namanje kubasebenzi abangekho emthethweni. Lokhu bekubaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzi bokufika abavela emazweni angomakhelwane njengeCambodia, Myanmar neLao PDR, abangafanelekile ukuthola izinzuzo zomphakathi kuHulumeni waseThailand. Izisebenzi eziningi ezifudukayo zibuyela emazweni akubo zilambatha noma zithembele emphakathini wabo kanye namaqembu omphakathi eThailand, adonsa kanzima.
“Abasebenzi abangekho emthethweni basebenzise yonke imali ababeyilondolozile; abaningi babelane ngemali yabo yokusekela nabasebenzi bokufika ababengakwazi ukuthola izinzuzo zomkhankaso kaHulumeni.”
– Empower Foundation, Chiang Mai
“Abasebenzi abaningi abasebenza ebusuku bashintshele emisebenzini eholela kancane noma babuyela ezifundazweni zabo. Abasebenzi bokufika baphindela emazweni akubo kusenesikhathi bengaholi lutho olutheni.”
– Friends-International, NGO, Bangkok
Ukuze kuvulwe kabusha ezokuvakasha zamazwe ngamazwe ngokuphepha nangokuqhubekayo, abasebenzi abangekho emthethweni bagqamisa isidingo sokuqeqeshwa nokwakhiwa kwamandla okuhlobene 1) namazinga ezempilo nenhlanzeko kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha zokusebenza, 2) ukuthuthukiswa kabusha nokukhangisa komkhiqizo wezokuvakasha osekelwe emphakathini, kanye 3) nokuqonda izidingo ezintsha kanye nezidingo zezivakashi ngemuva kwe-COVID-19 ukuze zikwazi ukunikeza ulwazi olukhangayo kuzo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzi abangekho emthethweni bagcizelele ukuthi ukuthola kalula imali ebolekiwe esemthethweni ngeke kubazuzise, ngoba abafuni ukungena ezikweletini ezinkulu.
Ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwezivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe kubasebenzi abangekho emthethweni ukuze babe nezinga lempilo eliyimpumelelo, nokuthi kungani ama-89% afuna ukuthi izwe livulwe kabusha futhi alungele ukuqala kabusha imisebenzi yawo yebhizinisi futhi amukele abavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe.
Nakuba ucwaningo luphinde lwaveza ukuthi iningi labo okwaxoxwa nabo bahlangabezane nobunzima, kukhona abanye abakwazile ukujwayela nokuthola imisebenzi emisha kweminye imikhakha ezinzile futhi enenzuzo.
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- Ukuze kuvulwe kabusha ezokuvakasha zamazwe ngamazwe ngokuphepha nangokuqhubekayo, abasebenzi abangekho emthethweni bagqamisa isidingo sokuqeqeshwa nokwakhiwa kwamandla okuhlobene 1) namazinga ezempilo nenhlanzeko kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha zokusebenza, 2) ukuthuthukiswa kabusha nokukhangisa komkhiqizo wezokuvakasha osekelwe emphakathini, kanye 3) nokuqonda izidingo ezintsha kanye nezidingo zezivakashi ngemuva kwe-COVID-19 ukuze zikwazi ukunikeza ulwazi olukhangayo kuzo.
- Ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwezivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe kubasebenzi abangekho emthethweni ukuze babe nezinga lempilo eliyimpumelelo, nokuthi kungani ama-89% afuna ukuthi izwe livulwe kabusha futhi alungele ukuqala kabusha imisebenzi yawo yebhizinisi futhi amukele abavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe.
- Abaningi bebeshaya phansi ngonyawo bathi imikhankaso kahulumeni yokukhuthaza ezokuvakasha kwasekhaya nokwesekwa ayenele futhi ayifinyeleli kubo bonke abasebenzi abaswele, ikakhulukazi labo abasemgwaqweni.
