BAGHDAD – INational Museum yase-Iraq iphinde yavulwa ngoMsombuluko ngegalari likakhaphethi obomvu enkabeni ye-Baghdad cishe eminyakeni eyisithupha ngemuva kokuthi abaphangi bathumba izinto zakudala njengoba amasosha aseMelika ayemi eduze nesiphithiphithi sokuwa kwedolobha amasosha aseMelika.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwemnyuziyamu kwaba wuphawu lwabagxeki besu laseWashington langemva kokuhlasela kanye nokungakwazi kwayo ukugcina ukuhleleka njengoba amaphoyisa kaSaddam Hussein namasosha eqaqeka.
Kodwa undunankulu wase-Iraq, uNouri al-Maliki, ukhethe ukubheka phambili. Ubize ukuvulwa kabusha ngenye ingqophamlando ekubuyeni kancane kweBaghdad ekuzinzeni ngemuva kweminyaka yokuchitheka kwegazi.
"Kwakuyinkathi yobumnyama i-Iraq eyadlula kuyo," kusho undunankulu emcimbini wokunikezelwa kwenkonzo ngemuva kokwehla kukhaphethi obomvu engena emnyuziyamu. Le ndawo yempucuko iye yacekelwa phansi.
Umnyuziyamu - ophethe izinto zobuciko ze-Stone Age ngezikhathi zaseBhabhiloni, e-Asiriya nase-Islamic - uzovulelwa umphakathi kusukela ngoLwesibili kodwa ohambweni oluhleliwe ekuqaleni, kusho izikhulu.
"Siwuqedile umoya omnyama (wodlame) futhi sesiluqalile uhlelo lokwakha kabusha," u-al-Maliki etshela amakhulukhulu ezikhulu nabaqaphi bamagugu acebile ase-Iraq ngesikhathi amasosha ase-Iraq aphethe amabharethi abomvu eqaphile.
Lapho sekuyikhaya lelinye lamaqoqo ahamba phambili emhlabeni wezinto zobuciko, umnyuziyamu waba yisisulu seqembu lamasela ayehlomile agasela enhloko-dolobha ngemva kokuba abaseMelika bebambe iBaghdad ngo-April 2003.
Bekuphakathi kwezikhungo eziningi ezaphangwa kulo lonke elase-Iraq, okuhlanganisa amanyuvesi, izibhedlela namahhovisi amasiko. Kodwa ukunotha kweqoqo lemnyuziyamu - nokubaluleka kwayo njengomnakekeli wobunikazi bomlando wase-Iraq - kuholele ekukhaleni emhlabeni jikelele.
Amasosha aseMelika, okuyiwona kuphela amandla edolobheni ngaleso sikhathi, agxekwa kakhulu ngokungavikeli ingcebo emnyuziyamu nakwezinye izikhungo zamasiko njengomtapo wezincwadi kazwelonke kanye neSaddam Art Center, imnyuziyamu yobuciko besimanje base-Iraq.
Lapho ebuzwa ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi kungani amasosha ase-US engazange azame ukunqanda ukwephulwa komthetho, uNobhala Wezokuvikela ngaleso sikhathi uDonald H. Rumsfeld wathi: “Izinto ziyenzeka ... nokwenza izinto ezimbi.”
Abanye bathi amasosha aseMelika ayengenalo igunya lokuthatha isinyathelo eWashington.
Zibalelwa ku-15,000 izinto zobuciko ezantshontshwa emnyuziyamu, kanti umphenyi ophambili waseMelika wathi ngonyaka odlule ukushushumbiswa kwalezo zinto kwasiza ngezimali i-al-Qaida e-Iraq kanye namasosha angamaShiite.
Ekugcineni, izinto ezibalelwa ku-8,500 zatholwa emzamweni wamazwe ngamazwe ohlanganisa nezinkonzo zezamasiko esifundeni sonke, i-Interpol, abalondolozi bemnyuziyamu kanye nezindlu zendali.
Ezingcezu ezibalelwa ku-7,000 ezisalahlekile, ezingaba ngu-40 kuye kwezingama-50 zithathwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni, ngokusho kwenhlangano yezamasiko ye-UN i-UNESCO.
Kwakungaba kubi kakhulu. Izikhulu zase-Iraq zavala umnyuziyamu emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlasela okuholwa yi-US futhi zafihla izinto zobuciko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni eziyimfihlo ukuvimbela ukweba kwazo.
Izingcezu ezibaluleke kakhulu neziyingqayizivele zeqoqo, okuhlanganisa nezinkunzi ezimbili ezincane ezinamaphiko nemifanekiso yenkathi yase-Asiriya naseBhabhiloni eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2,000 edlule, bekubukiswa ngoMsombuluko. Abanye basala bevalelwe ngaphandle.
U-Abdul-Zahra al-Talqani, umqondisi wezindaba ehhovisi lezokuvakasha kanye nezindaba zemivubukulo e-Iraq, uthe indaba yesikhala kunezokuphepha ngoba ayisishiyagalombili kuphela amahholo angu-23 aselungisiwe.
Eminye imivubukulo izokhonjiswa njengoba kuvulwa amanye amahholo, engeza ngokuthi izikhulu zesigcinamagugu zilindele uxhaso olungeziwe lukahulumeni.
Ekuqaleni kuzovunyelwa kuphela izinkambo ezihleliwe zabafundi namanye amaqembu kodwa iminyango izogcina ivulekele izivakashi ngazinye.
U-Al-Talqani uthe uyazethemba ngezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithathiwe ukuvikela lesi sigcinamagugu, nakuba enqabile ukucacisa kabanzi.
"Silindele ukuthi azikho izinkinga zokuphepha futhi sithemba ukuthi konke kuzohamba kahle," esho.
Izindonga zase-Asiriya ezibonisa izinkunzi ezinamaphiko abantu zazihlanganisa amahholo amabili. Amanye amahholo ayequkethe i-mosaic yamaSulumane, ukudayela kwelanga ngemabula kanye namakesi engilazi abonisa ubucwebe besiliva neminsalo.
Enye yayinikezelwe ezintweni zasendulo ezaziphangiwe ezazitholiwe, kuhlanganise namavazi nezimbiza zobumba, ezinye eziphukile, kanye nemifanekiso yezilwane ezincane, imigexo namasilinda.
Ukuvulwa kabusha komnyuziyamu okumenyezelwe kakhulu kuza njengoba uhulumeni ezama ukukhuthaza ukuzethemba komphakathi ekwehleni okukhulu kodlame enhlokodolobha nasezindaweni ezizungezile, yize ukuhlasela kuqhubeka futhi nezikhulu zamasosha aseMelika zixwayisa ngokuthi izinzuzo zokuphepha zihlala zintekenteke.
UMnyango Wezangaphakathi e-Iraq umemezele ngoMsombuluko ukuboshwa kweqembu lamaphoyisa angamaShiite elisolwa ngokubulala udadewabo wePhini likaMengameli wamaSunni ngo-2006 njengengxenye yohide lokuthumba nokubulala.
Okhulumela uMajor General Abdul-Karim Khalaf uthe abantu abangu-12 ababoshiwe bebengabasebenzi bomnyango. UMnyango Wezangaphakathi usolwa ngokungena esikhathini esidlule ngamasosha angamaShiite aqhuba udlame olubi kakhulu lwamahlelo.
Udadewabo wePhini likaMongameli uTariq al-Hashemi, uMaysoun al-Hashemi, washona ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa isibhamu ngo-Ephreli 27, 2006 ngesikhathi eshiya ikhaya lakhe eBaghdad.
Odlameni lwakamuva, oshayasibhamu bavimbe indawo yokuhlola amasosha ase-Iraq ngoMsombuluko entshonalanga yeBaghdad, babulala amasosha amathathu kwalimala abanye abantu abayisishiyagalombili, ngokusho kwamaphoyisa.
NgoMsombuluko nangoMsombuluko, ukuqhuma kwebhomu eceleni komgwaqo okubhekiswe kwamaphoyisa abehambahamba enkabeni yeBaghdad kubulale okungenani abantu ababili kwalimala abayisithupha, kusho amaphoyisa nezikhulu zesibhedlela.
Lezi zikhulu zikhulume ngombandela wokuthi zingadalulwa ngoba azigunyaziwe ukukhipha imininingwane.
