Ngemuva kokuvela kwesifo sokuqala I-COVID-19 coronavirus in EWuhan, eChina, amazwe aqala ukuvala imingcele yawo, futhi kwezinye izindawo, abantu ababukeka base-Asia basolwa ngezinsolo zokusabalalisa “igciwane laseChina,” kusho i-trip.com. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezigabeni zokuqala zokuqubuka kodlame eChina, omunye umbono odumile waveza ukuthi lesi sifo empeleni besiyisikhali sofuzo esenzelwe ukubhekisa amaShayina, nabantu base-Asia kabanzi, okuholela kubhubhane lokucwaswa kwabokufika.
Lo mbono oyimpikiswano ushicilelwe kabusha lapha ngu eTurboNews. Ukuqubuka kwamazwe ngamazwe kwe-COVID-19 kuhlangatshezwene nokusekelwa okukhuthazayo okuvela emazweni amaningi, kodwa ngeshwa, ubhubhane lokucwaswa kwabokufika kanye nokuthambekela kokulwa nembulunga yonke nakho sekubonakale kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Manje, ngemva kwenyanga, njengoba ukuqubuka kuqhubeka ukusabalala eYurophu nase-US, ukuqagela okunjalo okungenasisekelo kufanele kuyeke ukutholakala. Ngokunjalo, kufanele kube sobala manje ukuthi leli gciwane akulona elezwe elilodwa, nokuthi ukuchazwa kwezinhlanga kufanele kume, ngendlela efanayo naleyo yokuthi esikhathini esingangenyanga edlule, izakhamizi zaseHubei bekungafanele zikhishwe inyumbazane eChina.
Kule nhlekelele, isintu sihlanganyela isiphetho esisodwa, futhi ukuze kuzuze ukunqoba, umhlaba kufanele uhlangane ukuze uqinisekise ukubambisana komhlaba wonke, futhi uvimbele 'ukuqubuka' kokucwaswa kwabantu bokufika.
Esikhathini lapho umhlaba uncike ebuholini babo ukuthi buqinisekise ubumbano, kuyadabukisa ukuthi abanye abaholi bomhlaba abafana noMongameli waseMelika uDonald Trump baqhubekile nokuvusa imizwa engemihle, bajoyina abaholi bokwesaba ekukhulumeni okucasulayo njengokubiza inoveli ye-COVID-19 “ igciwane laseShayina” ku-Twitter - lowo obizwa ngomholi wezwe elikhululekile elisekela lolu bhubhane lokucwaswa kwabokufika. Ngomqondo ofanayo, ukuqubuka kwe-H2009N1 yango-1 eNyakatho Melika kwakungabizwa “ngomkhuhlane waseMelika” - kodwa akekho owehlela phansi ukuze awucwase.
Yiqiniso, amagciwane awayazi imingcele, uhlanga, noma imibono. I-World Health Organization (WHO) iqambe leli gciwane ngokusobala ngendlela engathathi hlangothi ngokuqondile ukuze kugwenywe ukuzihlanganisa okucwasayo nezifunda, izinhlanga noma izigaba. Umhlaba kumele uqaphe ukuze ungavumeli ukucwaswa kwabokufika kubonakale ezikhathini ezinjengalesi, lapho amazwe kufanele ahlangane ukuze aqinisekise ukunqoba kwesintu.
Ukwabelana ngolwazi
Ngaphandle kokucwaswa okuhlukahlukene nezinsolo ezivele ngokungenakugwemeka, futhi yize iziphathimandla zezempilo eWuhan kanye naseSifundazweni saseHubei zenze amaphutha ahlukahlukene okwahlulela phakathi nezigaba zokuqala zokuqubuka kwe-COVID-19, kulandela ukungenelela kukahulumeni omkhulu, iChina yasebenza ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi. ku-WHO kanye nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Lapho leli gciwane liqinisekiswa ukuthi liwuchungechunge olusha lwe-coronavirus, izwe laqinisekisa ukuthi ukulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo okuphelele, ama-primers kanye nama-probes kwenziwa kutholakale emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba umzamo wokuqukatha uqhubeka, i-China yabelane ngemiphumela ehlobene nezindlela zokulawula ubhubhane nezindlela zokwelapha, futhi yabamba inqwaba yezikhathi ezikude nezinhlangano ezinjenge-WHO, i-ASEAN, i-European Union, namazwe ahlanganisa iJapan, Korea, Russia, Germany, France kanye US. Lokhu akudali ubhubhane lwe-xenophobia, kuhlinzeka ngolwazi olungaba wusizo kwamanye amazwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi empini yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nalolu bhubhane.
Njengoba nje abanye bomhlaba bematasatasa ngokujikijela iChina icala, abahlaziyi bakuleliya lizwe bashesha ukunandisa yonke inhlobo yozungu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngomhla zingama-29 kuMasingana, i-New England Journal of Medicine edume umhlaba wonke yashicilela iphepha ngokuqubuka kokuqala e-Wuhan, elathola ukuthi leli gciwane kungenzeka ukuthi lasakazwa phakathi kwabantu maphakathi no-December 2019, nokuthi ekuqaleni kuka-11 January 2020, kwase kunamacala angama-200 aqinisekisiwe eWuhan. Lo mbhalo, obhalwe ngokubambisana ngabacwaningi abavela ezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene okubandakanya iSikhungo SaseChina Sokulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo, iHubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, kanye neNyuvesi yaseHong Kong, yenze ukuhlaziya okubuyiselwe emuva ngezigaba zokuqala zalolu bhubhane ngokwesisekelo. yedatha eyenziwe yatholakala kamuva. Abanye abahlaziyi baku-inthanethi babuze ukuthi ingabe ababhali bafihle ngamabomu le datha ukuze bavikele ukushicilelwa. Kodwa imibono enjalo yayingenakuba kude neqiniso. Njengoba ongoti bezifo eziwumshayabhuqe besho, ukutholakala kolwazi kubalulekile ukuze kuqukethwe ngempumelelo ukuqubuka kwesifo. Ukushicilelwa kwalesi sihloko esithangamini samazwe ngamazwe ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari, ebhalwe ngesisekelo sedatha eyayitholakala ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungahlangene neqiniso lokuthi lolu bhubhane aluzange likuthole ukunakwa okufanele lube khona eChina ngoDisemba 2019. Eqinisweni, ukushicilelwa okufika ngesikhathi kwalawa maphepha kwaba wusizo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kuthola ukunakwa okufanele emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe, nokuthi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zakwazi ukwakhiwa.
Muva nje, kulandela ukunqanyulwa ngempumelelo kwalolu bhubhane e-China, izwe labelane ngemiphumela yalo nomhlaba wonke ukuze namanye amazwe ahlomule, futhi kutholakale ukunqoba komhlaba wonke. Isibonelo, ngemuva nje kokuthi i-WHO iqoke lokhu kuqubuka njengobhubhane, inkundla ehlanganise amazwe angama-60 kanye ne-WHO yabanjelwa eBeijing, lapho ochwepheshe baseChina babelane ngalokho abakutholile ezigabeni zokuqala zokulawula ubhubhane. Ngemuva kokuqukethwe ngempumelelo lokhu kuqubuka ekhaya, iChina ikhombise ukuzimisela okuqinile ukufaka isandla ekutholeni ukunqoba komhlaba wonke ekulweni nokuqubuka kwe-COVID-19, ngendlela efanayo nabanye abasiza ngayo ngesikhathi sayo.
Ukuthuthukisa ikhambi
Ochwepheshe baphikisa ngokuthi imithi kanye nemithi yokugomela leli gciwane amathemba amakhulu esintwini okuzuza ukunqoba ekulweni ne-COVID-19, futhi kube nenani lentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nalokhu.
Intuthuko egqame kakhulu kuze kube manje i-Radixivir, umuthi owenziwe inkampani yase-US ye-biotechnology i-Gilead Sciences, okhiqize imiphumela ekhuthazayo ovivinyweni lomtholampilo lweziguli eziyi-14 olwabanjelwa e-Japan, lapho iziguli eziningi zalulama khona. Nakuba ukuhlolwa okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe okuphindwe kabili okuyizimpumputhe kuyadingeka ukuze kube nemiphumela eqinisekile, ngenxa yesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwelashwa, iGileyadi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize ukuhlinzekwa okwanele ukusekela ukwelashwa emhlabeni wonke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Mhla ziyi-16 kuNdasa, umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 othuthukiswe yiChina uqhubekele esigabeni sokuqala ngqa. Ngalo lolo suku, i-US National Institute of Allergy and Infndrome Diseases yamemezela ukuthi umuthi wokugomela owenziwe e-US we-COVID-19 nawo usungene esigabeni sokuqala sezivivinyo zomtholampilo, nokuthi amavolontiya abeseqalile ukuthola imijovo yokuhlola. IJalimane, i-UK, iFrance, iJapan, i-Israel namanye amazwe nawo abesebenza njengengxenye yomzamo wamazwe omhlaba wokuthuthukisa umuthi wokugomela leli gciwane.
Ukwakhiwa okufika ngesikhathi komuthi wokugoma ophephile futhi osebenzayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kokutheleleka nge-COVID-19. Kuphela ngokusebenzisana ngokubambisana - hhayi ngobhubhane lwe-xenophobia - amazwe angakwazi ukuzethemba kulokhu kuthuthukiswa okusha kwezokwelapha futhi alinqobe igciwane.
Ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokugqashuka eChina, imaski yayiyimpahla eyivelakancane. Ukuphendula, iJapan, iSouth Korea nabanye, bathumele imaski yezokwelapha nezingubo zokuzivikela ezweni. Amaphakheji avela e-Japan anamagama esikhuthazo athathwe ezinkondlweni zaseShayina amukelwe kahle ku-inthanethi futhi aba uphawu lokwesekana phakathi kwamazwe ekulweni nalolu bhubhane.
Kodwa-ke, ngoMashi, lapho isibalo samacala amasha kuzo zonke izifundazwe eziningi zaseShayina sesifinyelele kwangqingetshe, isibalo sokuxilongwa ngaphandle kwaseChina sase sikhule ngokushesha sadlula inani lamacala eChina, futhi amazwe ahlukahlukene aqala ukushoda okufanayo kwezinsiza zokwelapha. Ukuphendula, i-China yashintsha isuka esikhundleni sokuba yindlalifa yaba ngumzuzi. Ngaphezu kokusekelwa nguhulumeni, amabhizinisi omhlaba asezinze ezweni abambe elikhulu iqhaza. I-Trip.com Group inikele ngezifihla-buso eziyisigidi emazweni ahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa iJapan, iSouth Korea ne-Italy, kanti i-Alibaba Foundation inikele ngamamaski, izingubo zokuzivikela kanye nezinsiza zokuhlola emazweni angama-1 e-Afrika. Le minikelo ibibalulekile hhayi kuphela ngokwenani layo lezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa njengezimpawu zokuzimisela nokuzimisela kwamabhizinisi omhlaba kanye nomphakathi ukweseka amanye amazwe ekunqobeni le nselele efanayo.
Ngaphezu kwezinto ezibalulekile zezokwelapha, iChina iphinde yathola ukwesekwa eyakuthola ekuqaleni kwamanye amazwe ngokuthumela amathimba ochwepheshe bezokwelapha emazweni nasezifundeni ezithinteke kakhulu ngenxa yalesi sifo ukusiza ngokuvikela nokulawula. NgoMashi 12, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abavela kuKhomishini Yezempilo Kazwelonke kanye neChinese Red Cross bafika eRoma namathani angama-31 ezinto zokwelapha ukuzokweseka i-Italy ekulweni nalolu bhubhane, ngemuva kokuba sebethumele amaqembu asekelayo e-Iran nase-Iraq.
Ochwepheshe bazovuma ukuthi ngokwesekwa ngamanye amazwe, iChina ithole imiphumela ekhuthazayo ekuqukethe lokhu kuqubuka, okuphambene kakhulu nalokho okukhuthazwa ubhubhane lokucwaswa kwabokufika. Manje, izwe linokuningi okumele likwabe ngakho kokubili izinsiza kanye nokutholakele futhi selizwakalise ukuzimisela ukufaka isandla esixazululweni somhlaba wonke sokuqubuka kwalesi sifo.
Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa
Ezigabeni zokuqala zalolu bhubhane, amazwe amaningi asebenzisa imingcele yokungena kubantu baseChina. Njengoba isimo siqala ukuba ngcono eChina futhi siba sibi kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, izwe lethule izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuvalelwa kwabantu abafika bevela phesheya, ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kwesibili ezweni. NgoMashi 16, ngokwesibonelo, idolobha laseBeijing lasebenzisa inqubomgomo edinga ukuthi bonke abafika kwamanye amazwe, kungakhathalekile ukuthi badabuka kuphi kanye nobuzwe, ukuthi bahlaliswe ezindaweni ezibekiwe ngezindleko zabo izinsuku eziyi-14. I-Shanghai iphinde yamemezela imithethonqubo edinga bonke abafika kwamanye amazwe abanomlando wokuhamba wakamuva emazweni nasezifundeni ezithinteke kakhulu, ezibuyekezwa ngokolwazi lwakamuva olutholakalayo, ukuba zivalele izinsuku eziyi-14.
Osomnotho bathi izinyathelo ezithathwe eShanghai zinembe kakhulu futhi zivumela ukuthi impilo ibuyele kokujwayelekile, futhi ekugcineni, iqukethe ukuqubuka ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo ongadingekile emnothweni. Amazwe kufanele asebenzisane, hhayi wodwa, ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kwesibili. Ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nokubika okungamanga kungaxazululwa ngokusebenzisana nezinkampani zokuxhumana zezizwe ngezizwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe umlando wokuvakasha wabahambi, kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngesisekelo “sekhodi yezempilo” esetshenziswa e-China njengamanje. Ukuhlonzwa okunembe kakhudlwana kwabahambi abasengozini nakho kuzovumela ukuthi kuvulwe imikhawulo emazweni nezifunda ezinokulawula ubhubhane olungcono ngokuqhathaniswa (isibonelo, i-Japan, i-Singapore, i-Hong Kong, i-Macao ne-Taiwan). Lokhu kuzosebenza ukunciphisa izithiyo empilweni yansuku zonke, ibhizinisi kanye nokuhwebelana, kanye nokugxilisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezilinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezinobungozi.
Isiphetho
Uma ukushintshana okungenamthungo nokuvamile kuphazanyiswe yilolu bhubhane, futhi umthelela walokhu kuphazamiseka ungase ubaluleke kakhulu njengobhubhane ngokwalo. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho futhi kuwucingo lokuvuka. Ukuba nemikhawulo engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili ebekwe kwezokuxhumana nasekuhwebeni kuphoqe abaningi bethu ukuthi bafune ezinye izindlela lapho besingeke sibe nazo ngenye indlela.
Izithiyo zokushintshana ezibekwe phezu kwethu kulesi sikhathi esinzima kufanele futhi zisebenze njengesikhumbuzo esisangulukisayo sokuthi kusenemigoqo ehlukahlukene yokuzibekela yona, kanye nemigoqo engadingekile ekuhwebeni okukhiqizayo phakathi kwamazwe, okufanele siyinciphise. Njengoba osomnotho bephikisana isikhathi eside, ukudiliza izithiyo ezahlukahlukene zohwebo phakathi kwe-US neChina, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imigudu ebalulekile yokwabelana ngolwazi nokuxhumana njenge-inthanethi ihlala ivulekile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikusasa lomnotho womhlaba.
Ngeshwa, ngendlela efanayo imingcele yokuphuma eyenza ukuhamba kungenzeki nhlobo, ochwepheshe baphikise ngokuthi lokho okubizwa nge-'Great Firewall of China' kuqhubekile nokusebenza njengesithiyo esibalulekile ekuhwebeni okubalulekile kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngemikhawulo engakaze ibonwe yokunyakaza nokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke, kanye nenqwaba yabantu abaphephela besikhashana emazweni abo, ezinye izindlela zedijithali zokuxhumana eziwela imingcele zinendima enqumayo okufanele ziyidlale ekuvumeleni umsebenzi wezomnotho ukuthi uqhubeke, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi lokhu kungenzeki. kuthiywe imingcele engadingekile. Abafundi akufanele bakhathazeke ngokungakwazi ukufinyelela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenyuvesi yabo ngenxa yemikhawulo ye-inthanethi ye-'Great Firewall', isibonelo.
Ngaphansi komfutho walolu bhubhane olukhona manje, ukwehluleka ukubhekana nalezi zihibe ezisobala kubeka engcupheni yokubuyisela emuva ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke.
Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, ukubaluleka kokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuyavela. Ngenkathi iChina ibhekene nokuqubuka kokuqala, amazwe amaningi elula isandla sokusiza, futhi manje njengoba lolu bhubhane selulawulekile, iChina isiphindisele ngokunikeza lokho ekutholile kanye nezinsiza zokusiza amanye amazwe ukunqoba le nselelo ejwayelekile. Izenzo zethu kulolu bhubhane zinquma isiphetho sezwe elilodwa, uhlanga, noma umbono, kodwa sohlanga lwesintu.
Amagciwane ayizitha ezivamile zesintu. Ubhadane lwamanje lusinike ithuba lokuzindla ngokujulile ngencazelo yangempela yesiphetho esifanayo saso sonke isintu futhi silethe izingibe zamanje ekunakeni kwethu ngokushesha. Amazwe kuyodingeka asebenzisane eduze ukuze aphendule ezinseleleni esibhekana nazo ngokuhlanganyela, futhi aphule imigoqo esekhona yokuhwebelana. Kulapho kuphela lapho singathola khona ukunqoba ngokweqiniso kwesintu.
