AMEHLO AVUKE KAKHULU
Unyaka wezi-2011 ube unyaka wezinguquko nezinselelo ezinkulu. Inkinga yezomnotho, uguquko lwezifunda kanye nezinguquko, izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukulahleka okungazelelwe kwezithombe nezikhungo - izikhathi eziningi zibe ngaphezu kwenganekwane, ngale kokubikezela, ngaphezu kwalokho obekulindelwe, futhi okungaphezu kokuqonda.
Embonini yezokuvakasha neyokuvakasha yomhlaba wonke, unyaka usuphinde wakhombisa, ukuthi akuwona nje kuphela ukuthi imboni ikwazi ukumelana nokuqina, kanjalo nabahambi. Ngiyabonga. Imicimbi emikhulu ifakazela kaningi ukuze ivuse ilukuluku elikhulu nesifiso sokuzibonela yona. Lapho kwenzeke khona inkinga, abahambi emhlabeni wonke baye baqaphela kakhulu umthelela wokuba khona kwabo okungaba nawo ekululameni kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo. Ukusimama komnotho, ngokuphelele. Kodwa futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuvuselelwa komoya wendwangu yomphakathi. Isibonelo esisodwa esihamba phambili: I-Cairo's Tahrir Square, inkaba yokuvukela kwase-Arab Spring Spring yase-Egypt esheshayo futhi ephethwe ngokuthula, manje isimi inde njengendawo ehamba phambili eheha izivakashi. Umhlaba ufuna ukubona, futhi uzizwe, lapho kwenzeka khona.
Njengoba manje sekunabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa emhlabeni wonke, futhi umkhakha wezokuvakasha usufinyelele ingqophamlando yokufika kwesigidigidi esisodwa samazwe ngamazwe ngo-2012, ububanzi bokukhangwa kwezohambo buyakhula kuphela. Kwezinye izihambi, ukufuna iholide elizivumela ukuthi zibuke umhlaba ngezingilazi ezinombala orozi: izindawo ezibukeka kahle eziqhingini, izindawo zemvelo ezingakathintwa, imiphakathi yamasiko engavamile evumelana nendawo yazo kanye nendawo yazo endaweni yonke. Kwabanye, isifiso sokuhamba siyindawo evula izindlela ezintsha zokuthola nethuba lebhizinisi noma lokungcebeleka. Kukhona nalabo abafuna izindawo ezibavumela ukuthi babone umhlaba esimweni sawo se-geo-politiki, ukubheka izindaba kanye nemibono ngqo emehlweni. Futhi kukhona labo abafuna ukubona ukuthi bangenza kanjani umehluko ngokuba khona kwabo, ukusiza izindawo zakhe ikusasa eliqinile. Izifiso ekuhambeni ziningi njengenani labahambi. Asikho isidingo sokucabanga ukuthi bashiywe ngaphandle.
Ezindaweni ngokwazo, nokho, inkinga ingabangela ukusabela okungokwemvelo kokushaqeka, amahloni, kanye nokufuna ukubheka eceleni njengoba kuthatha ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo somhambi kanye nethuba lendawo oya kuyo. Inkinga ekuqaleni ibonakala iyisiqalekiso.
Isaga sesiShayina segama elithi “inhlekelele” esibuye sisho “ithuba,” okuyinkulumo eyasetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni njengoba kwaqala ukuwohloka kwezomnotho emhlabeni wonke ekupheleni kuka-2008, siyiqiniso elingeke lishaywe indiva.
Njengoba kulula nje ukuthi izindawo eziya kuzo zivale amehlo kumuntu okwenzeka esikhathini sobunzima, kungaba ezombusazwe, ezomnotho, ezemvelo noma okunye, ithuba langempela liyagqama uma le nkinga ibhekwe ngamehlo abomvu.
I-X-RAY ENGABALULEKILE
Uma kwenzeka isimo esibucayi, abaholi bemboni yezokuvakasha, ezinkampanini zikahulumeni nezizimele, baphonse phambi kwabo i-x-ray yendawo okuyiwa kuyo kanye nakho konke ukusebenza kwayo. Amaphuzu okuxhumana, ukusebenzisana, nokungqubuzana abonakala ngokushesha. Njengomzimba womuntu ofakwa kwi-x-ray, ngokushesha kuvela izingxenye ezibuthakathaka zomzimba - amathambo enzelwe ukunikeza amandla asebuthakathaka, imithambo ehloselwe ukondla umzimba osuvalekile, izakhi zangaphandle ezingene emzimbeni futhi ukubangela ukulimala.
Endabeni yemboni yezokuvakasha, le x-ray inikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi impilo idinga ukubuyiselwa kuphi ekusebenzeni kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo, kodwa ukuthi impilo yesikhathi esizayo yale ndawo ingathuthukiswa kanjani ngokuphawulekayo.
Ngezinjongo zomfanekiso, isifunda se-MENA - iqoqo lamazwe ancike kakhulu kwezokuvakasha ukuze kuthuthuke umphakathi nezomnotho - okwamanje sihlushwa izinguquko ezimangalisayo zezwe, okuholela ekwehleni okungenakuqhathaniswa komsebenzi wemboni yezokuvakasha.
Igagasi lenguquko nenguquko le-Arab Spring eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNyakatho Afrika (MENA) linikeze umhlaba inqubo yemfundo emangalisayo neyigugu engxenyeni yomhlaba evame ukunganakwa futhi ehlolwa ngaphansi. Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, ukuvukela kwesifunda se-MENA kufundise i-geography yesifunda somhlaba. Ayisabonwa iMpumalanga Ephakathi njengenqwaba yezifundazwe zama-Arab ezakhelwe phezu kukawoyela futhi zihola okhokho abagqoke ngokwesiko. Njengoba i-Arab Spring iqala ukuvela, imbewu yolwazi yatshalwa kuso sonke isifunda. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba nezenzakalo zenzeka, lezi zimbewu zakhula olwazini, ekuqondeni, ekuzweleni nasekwaziseni.
Namuhla, uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka owodwa nje odlule, isifunda se-MENA siye savela ekubonweni njenge-geo-block, ukuze siqondwe ngokuhlukana okucacile njengezizwe, abaholi, amasiko, izindawo, kanye nekusasa elilwelayo.
Ngenkathi ezinye izizwe ziqhubeka nokulwela inkululeko, ezinye ziye zasebenza ngempumelelo ngezikhathi zazo zoshintsho futhi zathatha izinyathelo zazo zokuqala endleleni entsha yekusasa. Ukhetho luyaqhubeka. Noma kunjalo, ukululama kwemikhakha yabo yezokuvakasha kusalokhu kuntekenteke - kuhamba kancane, kuyantenga futhi kungazinzi. Nokho, ithemba lihlala liqinile. Isizathu siwukuthi, emazweni afana neTunisia, Morocco, Egypt kanye neJordani, lo mkhakha ubonakala, ngokusobala njengengxenye ebalulekile yomnotho, futhi manje, amandla awo okubuyela ezinyaweni zawo. Njengoba kushiwo u-Amr Badr, Umqondisi Ophethe we-Abercrombie & Kent (A&K) e-Egypt naseMpumalanga Ephakathi kusukela ngo-1999, "abantu baseGibhithe bakholelwa ukuthi ezokuvakasha ziyimpahla yokuphila ebalulekile ekuvuseleleni umnotho wethu."
Izehlakalo ze-Arab Spring ziphoqa izizwe ezibhekene nezibhelu zibe sezingeni eliphansi lapho izinombolo zezivakashi zithinteka khona. Ngokuqondakalayo, izivakashi zalahlekelwa ukuzethemba emandleni azo okuhamba ngokukhululekile, ngokuphephile, nangokuthula ezindaweni zazo zokuvakasha ze-MENA ezikhethwa kuzo. Embonini yezokuvakasha, izixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka zomkhakha wezokuvakasha zavezwa ngokushesha.
Njengoba izinombolo zabafikayo zihwamuka, okwabonakala ngokucacile kwaba izindawo lapho indawo, iyonke, kanye nezingxenye ezincikene, kufanele kuqiniswe ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha ukubaluleka nomthelela obalulekile womkhakha wezokuvakasha.
Njengoba kwenzeka kuzo zonke izindawo emhlabeni jikelele ezibhekene nenkinga, kungaba ezombangazwe, ezemvelo, ezomnotho, noma okunye, “ubunjiniyela” obumaphakathi nobubalulekile bendawo buyadalulwa. Amakhono abalulekile avivinywa, kwavezwa amakhono. Njengama-paradigms, kanye nesidingo sokushintshwa kwe-paradigm. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu: ukuthi ezokuvakasha zizimele zodwa.
U-Amr Badr we-A&K uqhubeke wathi: “Kuze kube manje, bekungavamile ukuthi imboni (yezokuvakasha) ixhumanise isimo sezombusazwe nesenhlalo esisizungezile nebhizinisi lethu. Abantu kwezokuvakasha babengavamisile ukucabanga ngezindaba zezwe futhi babone ibhizinisi njengokunethezeka, ukuzijabulisa, nokuhluka nempilo yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abasebhizinisini lezokuvakasha, kubalulekile ukuxhumanisa izindaba zesifunda, ezomnotho kanye nezombangazwe ezinhlelweni zabahambi. "
Njengoba kulahleka izigidigidi emnothweni wezokuvakasha ngezikhathi zobunzima, indima edlalwa ezokuvakasha ekukhuleni komnotho nasekuthuthukiseni umnotho wezwe. Manje kunanini ngaphambili umthelela wezomnotho wemboni yezokuvakasha uvezwa, ngokusobala. Imisebenzi, imali engenayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokuzethemba okulahlekile akusho nje umoya wendawo, kodwa amashidi ebhalansi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-Egypt, iJordani, iJapane, iTunisia, iThailand, nanoma iyiphi enye indawo yezokuvakasha yabhekana nenhlekelele, umyalezo “wezokuvakasha ubalulekile!” angeke abe namandla.
UKUZUZA AMANDLA NGOKUBONA UBUTHATHAKA
Inkinga yezindawo zezokuvakasha onyakeni odlule, neminyaka edlule, inikeze abaholi bezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke ithuba lokuhlonza, ezimweni eziningi ngokushesha, lapho kukhona khona ubuthakathaka lapho beya khona, ngakho-ke, lapho amathuba ekhona okuqinisa ikusasa.
Inhlekelele iletha ukunakwa, iletha ukuqwashisa, iletha ithuba. Kuletha futhi uzwelo, ukubambisana, ubunye, ubuwena, kanye nokubizelwa phambili kwamandla angaphakathi.
Uma sicabanga ngale minyaka eyishumi edlule, u-Amr Badr uyacaca ukuthi ushintshe kanjani umbono wakhe ngobuholi bebhizinisi lezokuvakasha. “Uma ngibuyela emuva kule minyaka engu-10 edlule, uma kukhona engikufundile, wukuphrojusa, ngilungiselele, ngihlele. Ebhizinisini lethu, ngaso sonke isikhathi, njalo, hlala ubhekisisa izindaba zasekhaya, i-geopolitics yesifunda, futhi uyixhume nebhizinisi lakho ukuze ukhiqize, ulungiselele futhi uhlele, ”kusho yena.
Njengoba izinto eziningi zishintsha, ukuze kuqhutshekwe nebhizinisi lezokuvakasha, nendawo oya kuyo, abaholi bamabhizinisi kanye nezikhulu zezokuvakasha ehhovisi kumele bacabange: “Uma okuthile kwenzeka e-____, lokho kulithinta kanjani ibhizinisi/indawo engiya kuyo? Lokho kukuthinta kanjani ukukhula kwebhizinisi lami/indawo engiya kuyo?”
Le ndlela isebenza kukho kokubili ukulungela okungekuhle nokuhle ukubhekana nenhlekelele. Ngasohlangothini olubi lokuthi “kungenzekani,” imboni yezokuvakasha idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasistimu nezakhiwo zikhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yabahambi, ukuvikelwa, ukuxhumana, futhi, uma kudingeka, ukuphuma. Uhlelo lokuphendula ngokushesha ludinga ukwenziwa, kusengaphambili, ukuze kubhekwane nezimo ezihlukahlukene ezingase zenzeke phansi.
Ezingeni likahulumeni, ukwesekwa okusheshayo kufanele kutholakale kubasebenzi bemboni, kubeke phambili ukuphepha kwabahambi kanye nolwazi lwendawo okuyiwa kuyo kuqala nokubalulekile.
Ezindaweni ezibuka amazwe angomakhelwane ezisebunzimeni, le nkulumo engemihle ethi “kuthiwani uma” ingase ibe umphumela womphumela ongemuhle. Njengoba kubonakala eJordani naseMorocco, ngenkathi izimo zabo zasekhaya zazithambile kakhulu kunamazinga obunzima obubhekene nawo emazweni angomakhelwane njengeLibya, Yemen, Tunisia, futhi, ngokudabukisayo, futhi iGibhithe, ukusondela kwabo ezinkingeni kungaba nomthelela omubi. embonini yabo yezokuvakasha.
Eceleni, lapho izinto zingahambi kahle endaweni eyodwa, kunokwabiwa kabusha kwemvelo kwebhizinisi okungenza izinto zihambe kahle kwenye indawo. Ezinye izindawo, empeleni, zingathola ukuthi inkinga eseduze ivula ithuba. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, imboni yezokuvakasha iyakwazi ukuqina ngoba abahambi bayakwazi ukuqina. Kubenzi bamaholide ababheke e-Luxor kulo nyaka odlule, nokho benovalo ngengozi yokuqhubeka nokungqubuzana kwezombusazwe, isifiso sokuhamba asizange siphele, sivele sashintsha lapho siya khona. Isifunda se-GCC kanye neGreece bajabulele ukukhula ekufikeni kwabo kwezokuvakasha njengoba abahambi bevula i-Plan B yabo.
Noma ngabe kukuhle noma kubi, umkhakha wezokuvakasha uwonke udinga ukuba nezimpendulo ezisheshayo zokuthi zingahlanganisa kanjani ngokushesha izinhlelo nezinhlaka ezibalulekile zezindawo okuyiwa kuzo (okungukuthi, izinkampani zezindiza, izikhumulo zezindiza, amahhotela, abahlinzeki bezokuvakasha, amahhovisi angaphandle, njll.), ukuze kuhlanganiswe imboni yezokuvakasha. futhi (kabusha)sivuse umkhakha wezomnotho.
UKUGXILA EZIMFUNDENI
Nakuba kunenqwaba yezifundo eziphuma enkingeni, izehlakalo zowezi-2011 zidalule izindawo ezinhlanu zamathuba olwazi lomkhakha wezokuvakasha, futhi, ngakho-ke, ukuqiniswa kobunjiniyela bezindawo ekuyiwa kuzo kuwo womabili amazinga emboni kahulumeni nezimele, okuyilezi:
1. Ulwazi Lwendawo kanye Nezemfundo:
I-Crisis ifundisa i-geography. Njengoba izingcingo zezindaba zidlulisa izindaba zenhlekelele, imininingwane yendawo lapho kufundiswa khona izethameli (nabangase babe ngabahambi) mayelana nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesizwe - izindawo zazo, ukuhlukana kwazo ngokwezindawo, ukwakheka kwazo kwezenhlalo namasiko, kanye nezikhathi eziningi ezikhangayo. Lolu lwazi olusha kufanele lwakhelwe phezu kwenkathi- nangemuva kwenhlekelele ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuqonda okuqhubekayo kwesimo phansi, indawo yaso ngokuhambisana nezinye izingxenye zaleyo ndawo, futhi lapho isilungile, isimemo salo kubahambi ukuthi (futhi) bavakashele. .
2. Ukusebenzisana Kwemboni Ezizimele:
Lapho kubhekwana nenhlekelele, amandla okuphendula empeleni asezinambeni, ngisho noma lezi zinombolo ziyizimbangi zemvelo. Njengoba kushiwo ngu-Amr Badr: “Uma kukhulunywa ngemboni ezimele, ubudlelwano bethu obuqhubekela phambili akumele bube bokuncintisana, kodwa bumayelana nokwabelana, kanye nokuhlanganisa imboni ukuze ifake ingcindezi yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusabela ezimeni ezinzima kuyashesha futhi kukodwa. Ukucindezela kontanga kuyasebenza, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka ukwesekwa nokuthathwa nguhulumeni.”
3. Ukuxhumana Kwabezindaba:
Isikhathi lapho kuqubuka khona inkinga, abezindaba bakhona, bekhuluma ngendaba kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Yingakho nje abaholi bendawo bedinga ukuba khona eduze, batholakale njengomthombo wocingo lokuqala kanye nensiza. Ukuxhumana okuqinile nabezindaba kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi indaba ixoxwa ngendlela efanele, ngokungaguquki, ngokuphelele, nangamazwi okuhola afanele embonini. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi abaholi bomkhakha - kokubili abazimele kanye nezinkampani zikahulumeni - babe munye njengezwi elilodwa, nemiyalezo ecacile nezithunywa. Isibonelo esiqinile sokubambisana kwemithombo yezindaba okusebenzayo, okusebenzayo ukuphatha kweKenya inkinga ku-Q3/4 ngo-2011 njengoba amavukelambuso e-al-Shabaab ewela umngcele waseKenya neSomalia athatha izimpilo zezivakashi ezindaweni zokungcebeleka ezisenyakatho. UNgqongqoshe kazwelonke Wezokuvakasha, uMhlonishwa uNajib Balala, ngokushesha waphumela obala njengendawo yokuqala yokuxhumana yale ndawo futhi waphawula mayelana nomthelela wenhlekelele kwezokuvakasha, esebenza ngokuqondile nangokusobala nabezindaba zomhlaba wonke, isifunda, kanye nezwe lonke. Ukudideka kokuthi kwenzakalani, kuphi, ngani, nokuthi kwenziwani ngakho, kudala ukwethuka, kubhebhethekisa umonakalo, futhi kungaba nomthelela omubi ngale kwenhlekelele uqobo lwayo. Ukunemba, ubumbano, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokungafihli lutho ngemidiya kungasebenzela indawo okuyiwa kuyo kuphela.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwezeluleko Zokuvakasha
Izeluleko zokuvakasha zihlala zingenye yezinkinga ezibangwa kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngenhlekelele yendawo oya kuyo. Okubalulekile kule nkinga ukuthi izeluleko zokuvakasha zisetshenziswa ngokushesha amazwe asekhaya abantu abangaba abahambi abanesivinini esikhulu, ukucaciswa kwendawo okulinganiselwe, kanye nokulandelela okuncane kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kususwe izexwayiso. Imizamo yenziwa izinhlaka zezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele njenge UNWTO ukusebenzisana nohulumeni emhlabeni wonke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izeluleko zokuhamba yilezi:
- i-geo-specific,
- isikhathi esinqunyelwe, futhi
– ibuyekeziwe.
Ngaphezu kwale mizamo, abaholi bemiphakathi yamabhizinisi kanye neziphathimandla zezokuvakasha zikahulumeni kumele basebenzisane nomphakathi womhlaba wonke ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izeluleko zokuvakasha ziphathwa ngokucophelela, futhi zisuswa ngesikhathi, ukuze zingavimbi imizamo yokubuyisela indawo okuyiwa kuyo.
5. Ukusebenzisana Kukahulumeni Wesifunda
Okokugcina, kuyintshisekelo yokuvakasha kwesifunda ukuthi izindawo eziya kuzo zilulame, futhi zithuthukise, isifunda sisonke. Ngokusebenzisana ukuze kuvuselelwe kabusha umsebenzi wezokuvakasha, imifelandawonye yezifunda ingabamba iqhaza elibalulekile, okubaluleke kakhulu, ekwakheni kabusha ukuzethemba kwabahambi, okuzophinde kwakhiwe kabusha umsebenzi. Izikhathi zobunzima ngokwemvelo zivula isifiso sokubambisana, ukugqashula ekubambeni okunzima kwezinselele ezibhubhisayo esizweni. Ububele bomuntu budlula ukuncintisana. Ukuthatha indlela yesifunda enkingeni kwezokuvakasha ngezibuyekezo ezihlangene mayelana nemizamo yokubuyisela, njengoba UNWTO ibilwela esifundeni se-MENA ngokwesibonelo, ivumela zonke izizwe ukuthi ziphakamele ukungqubuzana ukuze zibe nekusasa elizinzile, elivikelekile, nelithembisayo kwezokuvakasha kwesifunda.
Ekugcineni, kuyabonakala, ubuholi obusebenzayo obusikhuthazayo futhi busiqondise ebunzimeni. Njengoba kuvezwe u-Amr Badr, ecabanga ngalokho okuzodingeka ukuze i-MENA ilulame njengendawo yezokuvakasha elinganayo, esimeme: “Sifana nanoma yiliphi elinye ibhizinisi. Sidinga uzinzo, sidinga ukuphepha, sidinga ithemba.”
Kulezi zikhathi ezishintshayo nezihlala ziyinselele, into eyodwa icacile: njengemboni, njengomnotho okhula ngokushesha, futhi njengamandla amakhulu okuthula emhlabeni wonke nokuqonda emhlabeni, ukuvakasha nezokuvakasha yilokho okudingwa umhlaba. ukuya phambili.
Njengoba kuqala unyaka omusha, lapho amazwe ethatha izimo ezintsha nekusasa, sengathi ukufuna kwethu ukweqa imingcele kungaqhubeka kusisondeza eduze, ngazo zonke izindlela ezibalulekile.
