Ingoma yezinyoni enamandla iwucingo lokuvuka izivakashi ezingalulindela lapho zihlala e-Paraa Safari Lodge osebeni lomfula iNayile, nakuba indlela evamile - njengokungqongqoza ngobuhlakani emnyango ngenkathi iletha ibhodwe letiye elishisayo ekuseni - nakho kungaba ukunakekelwa ngemva kokwenza amalungiselelo ne-reception ngaphambi kokulala kusihlwa.
Ngangihambe ngayizolo ntambama ngisuka eKampala ngiya epaki ukuyothamela umhlangano wendawo owawubizwa iHeritage Oil and Gas (U) Ltd. wabaholi besifunda kanye nabathintekayo futhi ngafika endaweni yokulala ngemva kokubamba isikebhe sokugcina, kakade sesiwela umfula ebumnyameni. futhi ukufika kukhanyiswe kuphela yizihloko zezimoto ezimbili zokugcina ezithatha uhambo.
Amathawula abandayo kanye nejusi yezithelo ebandayo eqabulayo kwenze inqubo yokungena yaba mnandi nakakhulu, njengoba bekufanele ngisayine ifomu, nalo lonke olunye ulwazi oseluvele lukhona kusukela ekuvakasheni kwangaphambilini, okwabangela “ukwamukela futhi” ngenjabulo ngabasebenzi bokwamukela izivakashi.
Ukuhamba usuka eKampala ngomgwaqo kuthatha cishe amahora angu-6 ½, okuhlanganisa nokuma eMasindi ukuze uthole uphethiloli kanye nokulunywa ngokushesha,okuthe kulokhu kuthathwe eMasindi Hotel elungiswe kahle. Ngokuphambene, uhambo lwendiza olusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza saseKampala eKajjansi noma esikhumulweni sezindiza esikhulu e-Entebbe kuthatha imizuzu engu-45 nje ngendiza enenjini emibili, noma ihora ngeCessna Grand Caravan, engakwazi ukugxumela kuyo ukuze ngibuyele ekhaya. I-Paraa Safari Lodge inezimoto ezingu-4×4 ezitholakalayo ukuze zidluliselwe esikhumulweni sezindiza kanye nokushayela imidlalo, ukuhlangabezana nezivakashi endizayo kanye noMarasa - inkampani ephethe ama-safari lodge aphethwe yi-Madhvani e-Uganda - manje isinikeza namaphakheji ezindiza ezivakashi ezinesifiso sokuchitha. isikhathi esengeziwe epaki esikhundleni somgwaqo - ngingakuvumela kuphela lokhu futhi ngincome kakhulu le ndlela yokuhamba ngenkathi ngikwi-safari.
Selokhu ngagcina ukuvakashela epaki ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, umgwaqo ophakathi kukaMasindi nesango lokungena esiqiwini usuphinde wahlelwa, kodwa angifuni ukudumisa ngalokhu phezu kokugxekwa kwami okunzima ngaleso sikhathi emkhandlwini, futhi Umgwaqo omningi wepaki obheke esikhumulweni sesikebhe nawo usanda kufakwa amagremu, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba ngisho nangemoto yasesaluni, nakuba i-4×4 efanele ingcono uma ushayela izimoto ngezinye izikhathi kunezingoma ezimbi kwezinye izingxenye zepaki.
Ngijoyine itafula lokudlela elihlangene nezinye izivakashi eziyi-7 - indawo yokudlela yethala yayigcwele phama ebusuku phakathi nesonto - ukuze ngilalele futhi ngibambe iqhaza enkulumweni engenakugwemeka ye-safari kanye nokuklabalasa okunobungane ngepolitiki yendawo, ngaphambi kokuya ekamelweni lami lapho yayisesitezi esiphezulu. Lokhu kwangivumela ukuthi ngishiye umnyango we-balcony uvuliwe ukuze ngijabulele umoya ohlanzekile ngobusuku bonke (isimo somoya siyatholakala) kuyilapho inetha lomiyane elihlanganisa konke linakekela ubusuku obunokuthula - kwaze kwaba yilapho ukukhanya kokuntwela kokusa sekuqala ukunyakazisa izinyoni ukuthi zibuyele ekuphileni okungukuthi.
Umfula, owawufihlwe ebumnyameni ngayizolo kusihlwa, wawuthwele amagwebu aye ezansi nomfula udlula endaweni yokulala, eyanyamalala ngokumangalisayo phakathi nezinsuku, okuwumthombo wesinye isihloko ukuze sifinyelele ekugcineni kwalesi simo esingafuneki nemfumbe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Kodwa emuva kwesizathu esiyinhloko sale ndaba, umsebenzi wokuhlola uwoyela owawuyimpikiswano, kodwa ogunyazwe ngokugcwele yi-Heritage ngaphakathi kwepaki, okwathi esikhathini esidlule wawuholele ekutheni izingxenye ezithile ezivaliwe zamathrekhi okubuka igeyimu zivalwe ukuze kutholakale ithrafikhi. Kamuva, kuye kwaba nezinkulumo ezicashile neziphumela obala, futhi kuye kwenziwa inqwaba yezinsolo kokubili obala kanye nangasese, zonke ezibonakala ziqhutshwa imizwelo kunokuba eqinisweni, isimo lesi sihloko okuthemba ukuthi sizosiza ukusilungisa.
Uhulumeni wase-Uganda ngoMnyango Wezamandla Nezokuthuthukiswa Kwezimbiwa, i-NEMA, kanye ne-UWA, unikeze zonke izimvume nezimvume ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa ngaphakathi kwepaki njengoba imvume yokuhlolwa kukawoyela YeGugu ihlanganisa izingxenye zomhlaba wepaki kazwelonke. Njengengxenye yokuvakasha nemihlangano, ababambiqhaza abakhethiwe bakwazi ukuhlola lezo zindawo ezimbili futhi bathola isimo sendawo eseduze futhi banquma kokubili uhlaza kanye nezilwane zasendle eziseduze, konke lokhu okwenzeka ezinyangeni ezedlule ngaphansi kokuqagela okuningi namahemuhemu.
Nakuba izivakashi ezivela kubaphathi besifunda sase-Amuru zephuze ukufika, izethulo zoMnyango Wezamandla Nezokuthuthukiswa Kwezimbiwa (okuqinisekisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kuka-US$1 bhiliyoni kulo mkhakha kuze kube manje), abeluleki bezemvelo abathole inkontileka yi-Heritage, abasebenzi benkampani kawoyela, futhi ngokuphawulekayo i-UWA yayisaqhuba yonke into, nakuba ngemva kwamahora amabili kunokuba bekuhleliwe ekuqaleni. I-UWA imangaze abambalwa ngokweseka kwabo okungenamibandela ekuhlolweni kukawoyela ngaphakathi kwepaki “yabo,” kodwa ngokusobala intshisekelo yezwe kumele ibe neqhaza elikhulu ekwenzeni lesi sinqumo. Eqinisweni, ngokolwazi olutholwe esizeni, i-Heritage inikele ngesikebhe esisemfuleni e-UWA, esikwazi ukuthwala iloli elilodwa noma izimoto ezimbili, selokhu saqala ukusebenza endaweni ebanzi, esikwazi ukuthwala iloli elilodwa noma izimoto ezimbili, sabe sengeza imoto engu-4×4 kanye nezakhiwo zenkambu, konke kunenani elingaphezu kuka-US$200,000 - akukubi, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi asikho isibopho esinjalo okuvunyelwene ngaso ngokwenkontileka ngalesi sikhathi. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi i-UWA ibonga kakhulu ngokuthinta okunjalo futhi inethemba elinokuthula lokuthola ukwesekwa okunjalo okubalulekile ukusiza ukusebenza kwayo kwepaki.
Ngokwemithombo esekelwe ku-lodge, bambalwa kakhulu abaqhubi be-safari abaye baphikisana ikakhulukazi nokumbiwa ngaphakathi kwepaki, okuhlanganisa ukusikisela nokusongela ukuduba okungacacile okungaphumeleli, kuyilapho izivakashi zezivakashi ngokuvamile zikhombisa ukuthakasela odabeni, ngaphandle uma uma kunenxeba. baphakanyiswe ngabaqondisi babo bezokuvakasha abahlukene abaphromotha i-ajenda yabo kanye neyomphathi wabo. Baphinde bacaphuna imithombo efanayo, okusolakala ukuthi yiyona le okwathi esikhathini esedlule baphinde badubula abantu ezindaweni zokulala epaki ye-safari - okuhlanganisa nokukhomba abanikazi beParaa Safari Lodge besebenzisa imizwa yokucwasa ngokwebala - futhi obekugxilwe kakhulu kulo mbiko. ukubika ngezinye izindaba kabanzi ezithinta imboni yezokuvakasha e-Uganda.
Ukumbiwa kokuhlola okwengeziwe manje sekuhleliwe, kodwa njengoba izingxoxo zisaqhubekayo mayelana neshejuli yokumba, awukho umsebenzi wokumba osuqalile ngalesi sikhathi futhi ulinganiselwe ekulungiseni indawo. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi i-Heritage ingathanda ukuhlola umshini endaweni eyodwa kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ilungiselela indawo elandelayo lapho kufika umshini wokumba, ukuze ihambe ngokushesha isuka kwenye indawo iye kwesinye futhi isheshe iphume epaki. I-UWA yona iveze ukuthi ukukhetha kwabo kuzoba ukubhola okukodwa, ngaphambi kokubuyiselwa kwesiza esigcwele - okubize isamba esingasho lutho esingaba ngu-US $ 500,000 indawo ngayinye - bese beqala umsebenzi kwenye indawo, ukushiya indawo eningi yepaki ivulekele imidlalo yokushayela. , kuyilapho ngokusobala yamukela isikhathi eside somsebenzi uwonke ngaphakathi kwepaki. Iziza eziyisi-6 sezigunyaziwe, okungenzeka ukuthi ezine ngaphezulu uma ngabe imiphumela yenza lokhu kudingeke, futhi lokhu kubonakala kuhlukene ngokulinganayo phakathi kohlangothi olusenyakatho neningizimu yomfula. Lezi zingxoxo, nokho, kubikwa ukuthi sezicishe zaphothulwa futhi kuzofinyelelwa ukuvumelana ngokungangabazeki ukuze kubhekelwe izinhlangothi zombili. Okucacayo nokho ukuthi amahlebezi angalawuleki, athi iHeritage izomba kuzo zonke iziza ngesikhathi esisodwa, ayinganekwane emsulwa, njengoba EYODWA kuphela umshini wokumba otholakalayo, obuye wabelanwe neTullow Oil (enye inkampani ehlola uwoyela ebambisene neHeritage) ishejuli okuvunyelwene ngayo ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, inkulumo "yeminyaka eminingi yokuhlolwa kokumba epaki" ingamanga futhi idukisa ngamabomu futhi cishe ihloselwe ukuvusa ukungathembeki komphakathi kanye nokuphikiswa ngokujwayelekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhaphaza imithombo kawoyela yase-Uganda, manje okulinganiselwa ukuthi iku-1 + isifunda semiphongolo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zamadiphozithi aqinisekisiwe futhi cishe nokunye okuningi njengoba kutholwa okusha njalo. Inkampani empeleni ilinganisela ukuthi esimweni esingcono kakhulu, bazoba nohlelo lwabo lokumba lokuhlola phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6-9 futhi uma kufanele balungiselele inketho ende. umsebenzi kufanele uqedwe phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-9-12.
Inkulumo-mpikiswano yokuthi "uma kunjalo," nokho, seyadlula futhi yadlula - ikakhulukazi njengoba izwe lingeke likwazi ukushiya uwoyela ungakathintwa ukuze kugcinwe kuphela izindawo ezinhle, izitshalo, izilwane, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngenxa nje yesizathu. yayo, ngenkathi ihlezi phezu kukawoyela onenani lezigidigidi zamadola aseMelika futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuye ngoxhaso lwabaxhasi ngisho nokuxhasa isabelomali sonyaka. Inqobo nje uma izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zamazwe ngamazwe zisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izigaba endleleni futhi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bamuva nje besimanje, inqobo nje uma izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuhlola nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela ezindaweni ezivikelekile neziseduze kuvunyelwana ngazo kusengaphambili futhi ngemva kwalokho. uma kulandelwa ngokuqinile, kuzokwazi yini ukusebenzisa uwoyela, kanye nokunakekela iziqiwu, iziqiwu, izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi, nogu lwamachibi okudlula kuwo amabhulokhi kawoyela ahlukahlukene.
Eqinisweni, kulindelekile ukuthi imali engenayo kawoyela yesikhathi esizayo ingasebenzisa ngokwengxenye izindlela zokusekela ukongiwa kwezimali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithintekile. Isipho sesivele sibekwe etafuleni ngabakwa-Heritage sokuxhasa ngezimali ukuvulwa kwamasekhethi namathrekhi okushayela imidlalo emisha e-Murchisons, isipho esengeziwe i-UWA ingasamukela ngokushesha kodwa ukugunyazwa kukahulumeni kokubuyisela izindleko kusasele izinyanga ezimbalwa. Eqinisweni, ngemva kokubona amathrekhi amaningana abheke ezindaweni zokumba izivivinyo, umbuzo usetafuleni futhi ngethemba ukuthi uzophendulwa yi-UWA kanye ne-NEMA, kungani amathrekhi anjalo kungafanele anwetshwe ukuze agcine endaweni ekude kakhulu yamanzi noma esiqongweni sentaba esiseduze, lapho i-rondavel encane efulelwe ngotshani inganikeza umthunzi nendawo yokuba nepikiniki noma ukudla kwasehlathini kwezivakashi, njengoba kwenzeka emapaki amaningi eKenya naseTanzania. Ukususa wonke lawa mathrekhi asebenzayo futhi uwabuyisele ehlane kungase kwenqabele abaqhubi be-safari izinketho ezengeziwe zokuyisa izivakashi kwezinye izingosi ngaphandle kwamasekethe ambalwa, okwamanje akhona ngaphakathi kwe-Murchisons. Ngokwemithombo ye-UWA abaqhubi be-safari abaningi kubikwa ukuthi bafuna ukwazi ukuthi azogcina etholakale nini amathrekhi amasha athenjiswa i-UWA futhi laba baqhubi be-safari bangase bafise ukulusukumela lolu daba futhi bafune le nketho. Ukudla kokucabanga kwamandla akhona, futhi ngethemba ukuthi bazonquma ngokuhlakanipha kulo mbuzo ngaphandle kokumosha izinsiza futhi basebenzise ukucabanga okuthile okunobuhlakani ukugcina bonke abathintekayo bejabule.
Ukuvakasha okunwetshiwe ezindaweni ezimbili ezindala zokumba izivivinyo kubonise ngokucacile ukuthi ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esincane kuzo zonke, esifihleke ngendlela enomnyango obonakalayo ovalwe ngaphansi kwawo izigxobo zokumba, abukho ubufakazi obusele mayelana nemisebenzi yakamuva. yokumba ukuhlola, njengoba utshani nezinye izimila seziphinde zatshalwa futhi sezimila izimpande, njengoba inkathi yemvula isiqala ukushuba. Kuneziqephu eziningi ezingenalutho ezitholakala kuyo yonke ipaki lapho kungazange kubambe uhlaza khona noma lapho amanzi agelezayo ashanele inhlabathi engaphezulu nezitshalo, kodwa izindawo lapho ukumba ukuhlolwa kwenzeke khona zibonakala zisekahle ukuthi ziphinde zikhule futhi - futhi emigwaqweni emikhulu akuvezi lutho ngomsebenzi wangaphambilini ezivakashini ezikude, ngisho nalapho zisebenzisa izibonakude noma amalensi ocingo.
UBryan Westwood, inhloko yezamaGugu e-Uganda, naye ubeseParaa futhi njengoba bemazi kusukela efika e-Uganda ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 njengomdlali webhola lezinyawo, le ntatheli ayinakungabaza ngesitatimende sakhe esilandelayo: “Sizokwenza konke esingakwenza yenza lokhu kube indawo engcono kakhulu yokukhiqiza uwoyela i-Heritage has. Ngifuna ukubuya esikhathini esizayo nabazukulu bami, sivakashele iMurchisons Falls National Park, ngibabonise esikwenzile futhi siziqhenye ngakho. Ngifuna ukusebenzisana nabantu balapha ukwenza lokhu kwenzeke.”
Inzuzo kawoyela, uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha, inganikeza izwe inetha elibanzi lezwe lonke lezikhungo zezempilo, izikhungo zemfundo, nengqalasizinda ethuthuke kakhulu, uma kucatshangelwa isibonelo sokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, iNorway yasebenzisa kanjani imithombo yayo ecebile kawoyela. Kuliqiniso ukuthi iNorway isizwakalise isifiso sayo sokusiza uhulumeni wase-Uganda ukuthi angene ngakubo kunokuba awele ogibeni, phakathi kokunye, isibonelo saseNigeria nawo wonke amaphutha ahlobene nawo, futhi empeleni abelane ngomcebo uwoyela owulethayo. isizwe sonke ngokwakha ukubaluleka okuhlala njalo kwengqalasizinda, ezempilo, kanye nezemfundo, izisekelo zempumelelo yezwe elisathuthuka. Okuhlangenwe nakho kweNigeria endaweni yaseNiger kufanele, empeleni, kube yisixwayiso esiqinile ezinkampanini zikawoyela, izinhlangano zezokongiwa kwemvelo nezokuvakasha, uhulumeni, nezinhlangano zomphakathi, ukuthi kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa okukhulu ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo futhi kuncishiswe zonke izici ezimbi zokumba ukuhlolwa. futhi nakakhulu uma ukukhiqizwa kuqhubeka. Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kanye nokuxoshwa kwezilwane zasendle endaweni yase-Niger delta kubangele umthwalo osindayo emiphakathini yendawo futhi kwasiza futhi kwavimbela ukuqiniswa kwabantu bendawo, ekugcineni okubangele ukudunwa kwezimoto, ukuthunjwa, ukubulawa, kanye nezenzo zokucekela phansi, ezingazange zibe usizo ekugcineni. izizathu ezizwakalayo zabantu bendawo noma ukuxhashazwa okulawulwayo kwemithombo enjalo yemvelo. Izinkampani zikawoyela, ngokobunjalo bazo, zigxile ebhizinisini nasekwenzeni inzuzo, kanye nomthetho oqinile wokulawula, ukugadwa okuseduze, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinkundla zokweluleka nokubonisana kuzohamba ibanga elide ukwethula imingcele ebophezela ngokusemthethweni ezinkampanini zikawoyela, ihlinzeke ngokunciphisa, ukuziphendulela, nokwenza izinto obala kanye nokugwema ukungqubuzana okungaba khona kohlobo lwaseNigeria. Lobu budlelwano phakathi kwe-Uganda nezinkampani zikawoyela zakwamanye amazwe akufanele futhi akumele kuyekelwe emizamweni yokuzithandela kuphela kodwa kufanele bube ngendlela yezivumelwano ezibophezelayo ezinemiphumela elinganisekayo.
Okubalulekile e-Uganda ukuthi kokubili ibhizinisi likawoyela kanye nokuvakasha okusekelwe emvelweni kungathuthuka ngokuhambisana futhi kubambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wesizwe esizayo, futhi akukho mkhakha okufanele uzame ukwenza ngcono omunye. Izingxoxo ezihlala njalo kanye nokuxhumana okuqotho kuzohamba ibanga elide ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kwezokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nezokuvakasha futhi kusize ekuvezeni indlela eya phambili lapho izinhlangothi zombili zibambisana khona kunokuba zihlale ziphikisana. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwamanje, ikakhulukazi ngemva komhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi nababambiqhaza nokunye ukusebenzisana okungofakazi bezamaGugu nemiphakathi ethintekile futhi engase izuzise, kanye/noma ethintekile, kukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlalisana nokubambisana sekuyinto engokoqobo vele mayelana nobudlelwano nemiphakathi yendawo kanye nokuthi ukubambisana okunesisekelo okubanzi, ukuhlanganisa ndawonye. zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo mayelana nokusebenzisana ngezandla, zingakufeza lokhu.
Sengiphetha, ukuphawula okokugcina: azikho ezinye izinkampani zikawoyela ezifakazele ukuthi ziyeza, zivulekile, futhi zikhuthele njengeGugu, futhi kungethenjwa kuphela ukuthi nazo, ekugcineni zifika kubude obufanayo futhi zibonise ukukhanya nokuvuleleka okulinganayo lapho zisebenzelana umphakathi jikelele kanye nabezindaba. Ukugcina ukusebenzelana kwabo kuyimfihlo ngokuqinisekile ngeke kuyisize injongo yabo.
Kubafundi abathanda ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, sicela ubhalele ku [i-imeyili ivikelwe], uJacob Manyindo Esq., ukuze acele ukuthunyelwa kombiko wakamuva we-Uganda Wildlife Society ngesihloko esifanayo esivezwe kulesi sihloko.
