Imboni yesimanje yezokuvakasha yazalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1960 lapho inkathi yama-ocean liners iphela ngokufika kohambo lwendiza olunqamula ulwandle. I-Ocean Liners yayiseqophelweni eliphezulu lobuhle nobuchwepheshe lapho umhlaba uthola okuthile okusha nangcono, futhi kungazelelwe izinkulungwane zabantu abanekhono abasebenza emakhulwini emikhumbi babengasadingeki. Akuvamisile ukuthi imboni iqine futhi ibaluleke njengama-ocean liners iphelelwa yisikhathi cishe ngobusuku obubodwa.
Imikhumbi yemikhumbi yanamuhla iwukujwayela kweMelika isiko laseYurophu ocean liner. Nakuba iningi lebhizinisi le-ocean liner lidabuka e-Europe, elinamagama afana ne-Cunard, i-Holland America ne-Hapag Lloyd; imboni yesimanje yezokuvakasha yaqala futhi yaqhakaza eMelika ngamagama afana neCarnival Corp., Royal Caribbean International kanye ne-NCL. I-New York ne-Los Angeles babambe iqhaza ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuhamba ngomkhumbi, kodwa yi-Miami eyazala imigqa yanamuhla yokuhamba ngomkhumbi ephumelela kakhulu. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 abantu baseMelika baqala ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ngendlela enkulu, kodwa imikhumbi ababehamba ngayo yayisagcwele izikhulu zaseYurophu kanye nabasebenzi.
Abantu baseYurophu banomkhuba omude, ocebile wokwakha nokuhamba ngemikhumbi yabagibeli, kodwa iningi labo baqala ukusebenzela imakethe yaseMelika ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Kwavela imigqa emincane yaseYurophu yokuhamba ngomkhumbi, njengePullmantur yaseSpain noma i-Aida yaseJalimane, kusetshenziswa imikhumbi yangaphambili yasolwandle ephinde yasetshenziswa njengemikhumbi yokuzijabulisa, kodwa kwaze kwaba ngo-2000 ukuhamba ngomkhumbi njengeholide bekungelula neze ku-radar yabantu baseYurophu uma kuqhathaniswa nemakethe ehamba phambili yokuhamba ngomkhumbi eMelika. . Ngenkathi imboni yezokuvakasha yaseMelika isingene ku-10% wabantu base-US, amazwe amaningi aseYurophu ayesekumaphesenti owodwa kuya kwamane.
Lokhu kwaqala ukushintsha ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990 lapho uhambo lwemikhumbi lwase-Italy oluneminyaka engu-60 ubudala, iCosta Crociere, lutholwa yi-Carnival Corporation ezinze e-US. Inkampani yezokuvakasha ephumelele kakhulu emhlabeni, iCarnival Corp. iphinde yazuza iHolland America kanye neCunard Lines.
ICosta, manje engaphansi kweCarnival, ibe nombono omusha wokuhamba ngomkhumbi eYurophu. Njengoba nje izwekazi lalihlela ukuba yi-European Union, iCosta yabona ngeso lengqondo umzila wokuqala we-pan-European cruise line ukuze unikeze imikhumbi yesimanje, yesitayela saseMelika kuyo yonke imakethe yaseYurophu. Umqondo wawuwukunweba umgoqo wolimi ngokunikeza yonke into emkhunjini ngezilimi ezinhlanu; IsiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi, iSpanishi, isiJalimane nesiNgisi.
Uhambo lokuzijabulisa lwase-Europe lwaqala ukubamba ngendlela enkulu kule nkulungwane entsha yeminyaka. UCosta nguyena owahlomula ngokushesha, kodwa ngo-2003 esinye isikhulu semikhumbi sase-Italy, u-Gianluigi Aponte, naye wabona amandla emakethe ye-pan-European cruise market. U-Aponte wayesevele engumnikazi oyedwa we-Mediterranean Shipping Company, ibhizinisi lesibili elikhulu lokuthutha impahla emhlabeni elinemikhumbi engaphezu kuka-400, lapho eqala umzila omusha wokuhamba ngomkhumbi; I-MSC Cruises.
U-Aponte akazange nje acwilise izinzwane zakhe ebhizinisini lokuhamba ngomkhumbi, wajuba ekhanda kuqala. Uhlele ukwakhiwa okushesha kakhulu kwemikhumbi yesimanje yezokuvakasha emlandweni. Kusukela ngo-2003 i-MSC Cruises isivele yakha imikhumbi emisha eyishumi futhi inomunye osendleleni. I-MSC akuyona nje imikhumbi emincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi ihamba ngemikhumbi emibili yesigaba sesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni (ngemuva kweRoyal Caribbean). Le mikhumbi emibili ngamunye ikwazi ukuthwala abagibeli abangu-3,959 futhi ifika ngamathani ayi-138,000 aphelele.
Manje sekunemizila emibili ye-"pan-European" cruise, iCosta Crociere (isiNtaliyane esisho 'imikhumbi yomkhumbi') kanye ne-MSC Cruises. Ngokumaketha imikhumbi yabo kulo lonke izwekazi, iCosta ne-MSC bayakwazi ukunikela ngemikhumbi ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Ingabe kukhona umbango onzima phakathi kwe-MSC neCosta Cruises? Ukusho okuncane, yebo, kukhona futhi kufanele kube.
Ihluke kanjani i-Pan-European Cruising kune-American Cruising?
Impendulo emfushane yalo mbuzo ayihlukile neze nhlobo � ikakhulukazi uma ubheka ngaphandle. Selokhu kwathi nhlo kunemikhumbi yokuvakasha e-Europe, kodwa ibithengiswa kakhulu kubagibeli baseMelika. Ulimi lwendabuko emikhunjini enjalo luhlala luyisiNgisi. Yize le mikhumbi emisha ye-pan-European icishe ifane ngesitayela futhi ihlobise nabazala bayo baseMelika, umehluko ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi ezinhlanu emkhunjini, isiNgisi singesokugcina kuzo.
Eqinisweni, nakuba ingakhangiswanga kakhulu, icebo elisobala leCosta Cruises ngaso sonke isikhathi bekuwukuphindaphinda isipiliyoni seCarnival Cruise Line kodwa emakethe yaseYurophu. I-Carnival Cruise Lines iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuhamba ngesikebhe emakethe yase-US, ngakho ukuphinda imodeli eYurophu kwakuyisinqumo esingokwemvelo. Yonke imikhumbi yaseCosta eyakhiwe kusukela ngo-2000 ingamakhophi afanayo, ngokwesakhiwo esikhulu, emikhunjini ekhona yeCarnival. Nakuba ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kuhlukile emkhunjini ngamunye wase-Costa njengoba nje umkhumbi weCarnival unendawo engaphakathi eyingqayizivele, i-Carnival Destiny, Conquest kanye nezinhlelo zephansi le-Spirit zonke zimelelwe emkhunjini wase-Costa.
E-United States, i-Royal Caribbean kanye ne-NCL sebeqhudelane phezulu kwe-Carnival Cruise Lines, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuthi umuntu oqhudelana neCosta uzovela emakethe yaseYurophu. Nakuba i-Royal Caribbean inobukhona obuqinile e-Europe, ulimi lwabo lwe-onboard isiNgisi kuphela ukuze bangaqhudelani ngokuqondile ne-Costa Cruises. Lolo dumo lwaya ku-MSC Cruises, okuwukuphela komzila wokuhamba ngesikebhe wezilimi eziningi we-pan-European yingakho waba imbangi yokuqala noCosta.
Lezi zindlela ezimbili zokuvakasha ngokuqinisekile aziyona imikhiqizo yokuqala emakethe kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile nganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo odinga ukuxhumana ngezilimi ezinhlanu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, wonke umgibeli uthola ukuxhumana ngomkhumbi kuphela ngolimi lwakhe, njengamamenyu noweta abazi ubuzwe bezivakashi zabo kusengaphambili. Ngakho umgoqo wolimi uba inkinga ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuphela, njengaphakathi nemibukiso ehlukahlukene yokuzijabulisa. Ngokwemvelo, ulimi ngalunye alukwazi ukwethulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kuzo zonke izimo. Amamenyu angaphrintwa ngezilimi ezingazodwana futhi abalindi bangathatha ama-oda ngolimi lwabagibeli, kodwa izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezinezithameli eziningi kufanele zibonise ukuzijabulisa okungakhulumi, noma-ke izimemezelo kufanele zenziwe ngezilimi ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zilandelana.
Ukuba nendawo enamasiko amaningi nakho kudala ukuhlukahluka kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinketho kwezinye izindawo, ezifana nokudla. Abantu baseYurophu banamuhla abaqondi nje kuphela futhi bazise lokhu kuhlukahluka; baye bahlakulela amakhono amangalisayo okubhekana nalesi sithiyo solimi. Zijwayelene nesimo futhi zihlala ndawonye kalula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abaningi baseMelika bakuthola kukhungathekisa ukulalela ezinye izilimi ezine ngaphambi kokuba inguqulo yesiNgisi ifike.
Ngakho-ke, okubalulekile ukuthi yomibili le migqa yokuvakasha ifaneleka kahle kubagibeli baseYurophu abafuna izinzuzo zomkhumbi we-pan-European cruise. Lokhu kufaka phakathi okwakamuva ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi enamachibi amakhulu, amatiyetha kanokusho, ukudla okuhlukahlukene kanye nezindawo zobuciko ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Bathola imikhumbi emisha nemikhudlwana ngamanani angcono kunalapho bebhukha ulayini wohambo olulodwa lapho konke kungolimi lwabo lwendabuko.
Kuthe ukuhluka kwabaseMelika. Empeleni, sinenhlanhla yokuba nemikhumbi eminingi yokuvakasha esevele yenza yonke into ngesiNgisi. Ikakhulukazi kungenxa yemboni yezokuzijabulisa yaseMelika, osekuphele amashumi eminyaka ithumela umculo, amamuvi kanye nomabonakude phesheya kwezilwandle, ukuthi isiNgisi siwulimi lomhlaba. Bonke abantu baseYurophu bayahlomula ngokwazi isiNgisi esincane, ngakho-ke ungumuntu waseYurophu ongandile kulezi zinsuku ongaqondi okungenani ukushayisana, ngaphezu kwalokho thina maMelika esiqonda isiNtaliyane noma isiFulentshi.
I-coup de resistance yesiNgisi njengolimi lomhlaba ohambweni lwami lwakamuva lwe-MSC Cruises yeza lapho ngihlangana nonogada womkhumbi eskena amakhadi ezivakashi ezishiya umkhumbi ethekwini. Lapho bekhuluma naye ngesiFulentshi waphendula wathi, “Ngikhuluma isiNgisi!” - Ngephimbo eliqinile lezwi ngingangeza. LamaFulentshi amphendula ngesiNgisi ngokushesha cishe ngendlela yokuxolisa. Ngambuza ngakho wathi, “Angikho emsebenzini wokusiza umphakathi emkhunjini, ngiwunogada. IsiNgisi ulimi lomhlaba wonke futhi angikhulumi noma yiziphi izilimi zaseYurophu (wayengumRumanian). Ngikhuluma isiNgisi futhi uma izivakashi zifuna ukukhuluma nami yilokho okufanele zikusebenzise.” Kulungile � kuyathakazelisa.
Ngakho-ke, ku-MSC Cruises (ngikholelwa ukuthi kuyafana naseCosta), “izilimi ezivamile” ezisemthethweni phakathi kwabasebenzi isiNgisi (ibinzana elisho ulimi lomhlaba, nakuba ngokwezobuchwepheshe lihumusha ngokuthi “ulimi lwesiFulentshi,” umhlaba wangaphambili. ulimi). IsiNgisi siyakhulunywa futhi lapho umgibeli oyedwa engakwazi ukuqonda isisebenzi noma omunye umgibeli.
AmaMelika on Cruises European?
Umbuzo uphakama nakanjani, kufanele yini umMelika athathe uhambo lwe-MSC noma lwaseCosta? Impendulo inguyebo, uma ulindele okufanele. Izinzuzo ukuthi ungakwazi ukubona ukonga okuhle kakhulu ohambweni lwemikhumbi kule migqa, ikakhulukazi e-Caribbean noma eNingizimu Melika. Bazohlala bekhuluma isiNgisi esanele ukuze ukwazi ukuxhumana nabasebenzi kanye nabaqondisi bakho bokuvakasha.
Izingqinamba ukuthi iningi labagibeli ngeke likwazi ukukhuluma isiNgisi kakhulu, ngakho ungalindeli ukuthola inqwaba yabangane abasha. Uzobe uzungezwe abantu abakhuluma okungezona isiNgisi, ngakho-ke awusoze waqonda ukuthi uthini umuntu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke ube nezingxoxo eziningi ezizenzakalelayo nabantu ongabazi, futhi uze uzwe igebe elithile lamasiko njengoba uhambahamba emkhunjini. Uhlelo lwethelevishini lwaluneziteshi ezimbalwa zesiNgisi, kodwa kwakuyi-CNN International kanye neziteshi zezezimali ezimbili ezihlanganisa imakethe yamasheya yaseYurophu.
Uma uthatha izingane ezincane, cishe ngeke zilujabulele uhlelo lwezingane kakhulu e-Europe njengoba imisebenzi eminingi izokwenziwa ngezilimi zaseYurophu. Cishe ngeke benze cishe abangani abaningi emkhunjini njengoba bebengenza emkhunjini okhuluma isiNgisi. Intsha ingase yenze kangcono njengoba izingane ezindala eYurophu zivame ukukhuluma isiNgisi ngendlela emangalisayo. E-Europe, nokho, iningi labantu baseMelika abahamba ngale migqa kufanele bahlele ukunamathelana ngaphandle kokuxhumana nabasebenzi.
Kokubili i-MSC neCosta nazo ziya eCaribbean, futhi izinto zizohluka lapho, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Ulimi oluyinhloko kuzoba isiNgisi futhi izihambeli eziningi kuzoba amaMelika. Izingane ezifika eminyakeni engu-17 zihamba ngomkhumbi unyaka wonke ku-MSC.
Kukhona nezinye izindaba zamasiko. AbaseYurophu abacishe bafane nogwayi njengabaseMelika. Lindela ukuhlangana nenani elifanelekile labantu ababhemayo, nakuba bevinjelwe ezindaweni ezithile zomkhumbi. Kulezo zindawo iyakwazi ukushuba, futhi uma uzwela kakhulu ngisho nephunga lentuthu cishe uzolibona emaphaseji.
Enye inkinga ngezohambo. Iningi labantu baseYurophu selivele liyibonile iNaples neRoma, ngakho-ke izindlela zohambo zivame ukugxila kakhulu ezindaweni zabavakashi kubantu baseYurophu kunokuba abantu baseMelika bacabangele izindawo ezifanelekile zokubuka izindawo zaseYurophu. Bazovakashela i-St. Tropez kune-Nice, noma i-Mallorca kune-Gibraltar.
Izikhathi zokudla zingenye inkinga. AbaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi abavela eSpain nase-Italy, badla kamuva kakhulu kunabaseMelika. Izihlalo zangaphambi kwesikhathi e-Europe zizoqala ngo-7:30, ukuhlala sekwephuzile ngo-9:30 noma ngo-10:00. Abantu baseYurophu abayimilutha kangako inkonzo yasekamelweni kunathi. E-Europe kuzoba nenkokhelo ye-la carte yezinto zemenyu yenkonzo yasekamelweni, nakuba ingavimbeli. Imenyu yesevisi yasekamelweni nayo ikhawulelwe ekunikezweni uma kuqhathaniswa nolayini bohambo lwesikebhe oluzinze e-US.
Umehluko wokugcina, lapho le mikhumbi ise-Europe, ukuthi izokhokhisa zonke iziphuzo ngokudla, ngisho nasendaweni ye-buffet. Lokhu kufaka ngisho namanzi aphuma ebhodleleni, njengendawo yokudlela yaseYurophu. Itiye elibandayo lizobiza okufanayo nesiphuzo esithambile. Lokhu kushintsha lapho le mikhumbi ifika eCaribbean, noma kunjalo. Isevisi yasekamelweni imahhala futhi akukhokhiswa amanzi, itiye elineqhwa noma iziphuzo ezifanayo ngokudla. E-buffet yokudla kwasekuseni ngisho naseYurophu ungathola ikhofi nejusi mahhala, kodwa ijusi yewolintshi ifana nesoda esolintshi futhi ikhofi iyitiyela elimnyama abalibiza ngokuthi ikhofi eYurophu. Okuhle ukuthi ukukhethwa kokudla endaweni ye-buffet kuyamangaza kukho konke ukudla ngoba umkhumbi kufanele uhehe ukunambitheka okuningi.
Ukufingqa Imigqa Yemikhumbi YaseYurophu
Le migqa emibili ye-pan-European cruise, i-Costa kanye ne-MSC Cruise, empeleni iyindlela yaseMelika yokuhamba ngemikhumbi emikhulu, yesimanje eyenziwe yafinyeleleka emakethe yaseYurophu. Banakho konke umkhumbi we-cruise cruise onakho; izinsiza zamanzi ezinamachibi, obhavu abashisayo nama-slide amanzi; amakhabethe e-balcony, imisebenzi yezemidlalo, ezinye izindawo zokudlela, izindawo zokudlela zama-lido, imibukiso emikhulu yokukhiqiza nokunye. Ungakwazi ukumaketha kalula imikhumbi efanayo emakethe yase-US ngempumelelo.
Umehluko uvela ekusebenzisaneni okusebhodini nabasebenzi nabanye abagibeli. Lesi isiko laseYurophu, elinokubhema nokugqoka okungajwayelekile kakhulu okwamukelwa abagibeli njengokujwayelekile. Lezi zindlela zokuhamba ngomkhumbi zibhekisela kulokho okwenzeka emkhunjini njengokuthi "isipiliyoni samasiko aseYurophu," okuyikho. Kodwa-ke, kuyisipiliyoni sesimanje sase-Europe, akufani nomlando wamasiko aseYurophu iningi labantu baseMelika elicabanga ngawo kuqala.
Yomibili le migqa yokuhamba ngomkhumbi imema futhi ikhuthaze abantu baseMelika ukuthi bazame imikhumbi yabo eYurophu naseCaribbean. Uma umgomo wakho kuwukuthola isiko laseYurophu lesimanje lena indlela eyodwa yokwenza, kodwa kufana nokulalela i-sitcom yaseMelika ngolimi lwangaphandle ku-TV. Konke kubukeka futhi kuzwakala kujwayelekile, kodwa kunomehluko ohlukile. Abanye abantu bazokujabulela lokho kanti abanye ngeke bakujabulele. Konke kuncike ezingeni lakho lokunethezeka ngokuba sendaweni lapho abantu abambalwa bekhuluma isiNgisi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lena imikhumbi emihle yokuhamba ngesikebhe enamanani amahle ohambweni.
