Ukususwa okucacile kwe- I-Alitalia (AZ) njengenkampani yenhloko yomphakathi, i-Extrema Ratio (isixazululo sokugcina), kulindwe i-EU Placet (ukuvunywa) ngenxa yomyalo oqinile wezepolitiki.
Okwamanje, abaphathi bayo baphathiswe uFrancesco Caio, uMongameli, owaziwa kakhulu kwezokuxhumana ngocingo, noFabio Maria Lazzerini Ceo, owayeyiMenenja Yezwe ye-Emirates Airlines futhi okwesikhashana i-CBO e-Alitalia, bobabili okukholakala ukuthi bangongoti abathembekile emkhakheni wezindiza.
Uphawu lwesimo se-Alitalia noma isifiso sokuvelela?
Kuze kube ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ukucabanga ukubuya kombuso wase-Italy ekuphathweni kokuthuthwa komoya bekuthathwa njengokunethezeka kwesicebi sase-Arabhu, kuphawula abezindaba base-Italy abanegunya. Abezombusazwe akumele bakhohlwe inkathi yezimpawu zesimo ezithandwayo enkathini yempi yezwe yangemva kwesibili yase-Italy (1945) lapho bekhombisa inhlalakahle ibuswa yindlala.
Ukuqhathaniswa ne-Italy akuhlukanisi nokwedlule. Uphawu lwesimo kanye nokulangazelela akulifanele izwe elinomnotho oyinhlekelele nelikusasa elingaqinisekile naphezu kwemvume yakamuva ye-EU yemali, umlilo ovuthayo wesikhashana ngaphandle kokuxhaswa yizimboni ezifayo kanye nama-SME ukuyivimba ingacimi. Kepha isizukulwane samanje sezombangazwe sincane, futhi kuyacaca ukuthi asihlolisisi okwedlule.
I-Alitalia, i-tricolor yase-Italy esibhakabhakeni somhlaba
Kusukela yazalwa, i-AZ ibilokhu iqhenya futhi iwuphawu lwamaNtaliyane ngaleso sikhathi ayengazi ngeqhaza lawo eliphezulu ekulondolozweni kwawo futhi anganakile ekuphatheni udoti kanye nempahla engekho emthethweni (izimali zikahulumeni) ezingakaze zidalulwe emphakathini.
Abaholi be-AZ eminyakeni yayo yegolide (uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sethu) baye baphatha inkampani enikela ngezindleko, nangaphezulu ekuqashweni kwabasebenzi abalawulwa ukuphoqa kwezepolitiki ngaphezu kwalokho obekudingeka ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ama-akhawunti abomvu abelokhu evuselelwa nguhulumeni futhi umbono womphakathi wagcinwa ebumnyameni.
I-Alitalia, ukulandelana kwesikhathi kokuwa
Kusuka ku-2006 kuya ku-2020 ngeminye iminyaka eyi-14 yokubusa okungalungile, isifinyezo se- ukwehluleka komphathi wefulegi ingenziwa ku-Repetita iuvant (Kuyasiza ukuphinda).
“U-1996 unyaka wokulahleka kokuqala komnotho okubalulekile kwe-AZ: ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-625 kumanani akhona manje. Uhulumeni kaLamberto Dini, ophethe inkampani ngokusebenzisa i-IRI (ihhovisi lokutshalwa kwezimboni elilawulwa umbuso), uvumela ukwanda kwemali engu-1.5 billion yemali yakudala “yelire”. Bekungokokuqala ochungechungeni olude lokutakula. Imali yabakhokhi bentela, noma kunjalo, yayinganele ukubuyisa i-Alitalia. Kusukela ngo-1974 kuya ku-2014 kuphela, inkampani yabiza ama-Italiya ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-17.4, ngokusho kwezibalo zeMediobanca.
UGiancarlo Cimoli uwuphawu lwemfucuza ka-Alitalia. Uqokwe njenge-CEO ngo-2004 ngeholo lonyaka lama-2.8 million euros wathembisa ukuthi uzolinganisa isabelomali. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, wagwetshwa nabanye abaphathi abaphezulu aba-3 iminyaka engu-8.8 (6.6 no-6.5 kulabo ababehamba nabo) ngokukhwabanisa kokuqothuka okubandakanya ukuhoxiswa ngokungemthetho kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa). Uthole ama-euro ayizigidi ezintathu ngaphezulu njengo "xhawula kwegolide" ukuhamba ngenkathi i-AZ icwila. Akukubi ngesiboshwa.
Ayikwazi ukulwa nomncintiswano wezindleko eziphansi, i-AZ yashona ekulahlekelweni okuqhubekayo futhi yayizobhujiswa.
Ekupheleni kuka-2006, izingxoxo zeNdunankulu uRomano Prodi ne-Air France-Klm zokuthengisa i-AZ zaqala. Umphathi weFranco-Dutch unikeze ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.7 ukumunca i-AZ futhi wacela ukusikwa kwabasebenzi abangu-2,100. Ukuqala ukubusa ngemuva nje kukaSilvio Berlusconi kukhansele lesi sivumelwano ngegama elithi "isiNtaliyane" kwathi u-Alitalia wathengiswa eqenjini loshaka eliholwa nguRoberto Colaninno. Labo ababizwa ngokuthi "izinduna ezinesibindi" banikela ngokutshalwa kwemali okulinganayo kwabaseFrance, kodwa benqaba ukuthatha izikweletu. I-CAI (inkampani yezindiza yase-Italy) yadalwa lapho imisebenzi enenzuzo ye-AZ yaphela khona. Inkampani endala, igcwele izikweletu futhi inabasebenzi abengeziwe, yawa.
Yize kungene abantu abasha abazimele, ukulahlekelwa kwaqhubeka. Ku-2014, u-Etihad, ophethe ifulegi le-Abu Dhabi, weza wazosiza i-AZ. U-Emir Al Nahyan uthenge amaphesenti angama-49 enkampani yezindiza. Amabhange ashiye ingxenye yesimangalo sabo kwathi abasebenzi abangu-2,251 2017 AZ babekwa eceleni. UJames Hogan, oyisikhulu esiphezulu ku-Etihad, wathembisa ukuvula inzuzo phakathi konyaka we-XNUMX, isithembiso esingahlali sigcwaliseka.
UCarlo Verri, indoda ebisizokonga u-Alitalia, uvinjelwe yiwo wonke umuntu ngemisebenzi yakhe yokutakula futhi ushone engozini yemoto ngemuva konyaka esebenza.
Julayi 2020: Isexwayiso sikaNgqongqoshe Wezentuthuko
UStefano Patuanelli, uNgqongqoshe Wezentuthuko, unethemba lokuthi uCaio noLazzerini (abaholi abasha be-AZ) bangawagwema wonke amaphutha esikhathi esidlule futhi bangathonywa ukukhetha kwezombusazwe okungahambisani nemakethe (kubika iphephandaba likazwelonke) futhi wanezela: " Umlando we-Alitalia ukhombisa ukuthi amaphutha abelokhu evame ukwenziwa ngumnikazi wamasheya womphakathi (umbuso) kunabaphathi. Umehluko wangempela nesikhathi esedlule ngukuthi i-COVID-19 iwuqede wonke umkhakha, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-AZ iqala ezingeni lezinye izindiza zase-Europe. ”
Iqiniso lihlukile: I-Alitalia iqale kabusha ngemali engafanele ye-3 billion euro. Ukwephula umthetho 19/8/16 nr. 175 maqondana nezinkampani ezisekelwa yimali yomphakathi ethi "noma ngubani onenkinga yezezimali ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 1, 2020 akakwazi ukuthola lolu hlobo losizo."
U-Alitalia, nokho, uyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngekusasa, eshiya emuva ukuphathwa okuyiphutha kwezigidigidi eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqiniso likhombisa ukuthi bobabili abaninimasheya nezimenenja benze amaphutha afanayo.
“Ngisho nomnotho wezindiza ezinkulu zase-Europe (kodwa hhayi kuphela) woniwe yi-COVID-19, waphoqeleka ukuthi asebenzise izimalimboleko zikahulumeni futhi aqalise ukunciphisa abasebenzi ngenkathi i-AZ igcina isibalo sayo sabasebenzi futhi ithola izibonelelo zokonga.
Izibonelo ezimbili zokuziphatha okufanele kukahulumeni
- I-Thai Airways International: Ukwanda kwabantu baseThailand ngokuqhubeka nokunikezwa kwemali yomphakathi kubaphathi bayo abakhohlakele kudale uhulumeni ukuthi athathe amalungiselelo ahlakaniphile.
- Iso elibhekile lowayenguNdunankulu waseSingapore u-Lee Kuan Yew.
Ekusungulweni kokusungulwa kwe-MSA, ngaleso sikhathi iSingapore Airlines (SIA), kusukela eposini yakhe, u-Lee Kuan Yew waduma: “I-SIA ngeke ibe nayo imixhaso kahulumeni futhi ngeke indizele udumo lwezwe. Ukuziphatha kwayo kufanele kube njalo kwezentengiselwano futhi kufanele kuveze inhlalakahle yezomnotho yezwe! Amaphutha ekukhetheni kwezohwebo namathuba azobiza ukuvalwa kwawo okungenakuguqulwa. Ukukhokhwa kwentela njenganoma iyiphi inkampani yangasese nakho kuyimpoqo ngaphandle kokubekezelela okuncane kunoma ikuphi ukubambezeleka noma ukweqiwa. Umbuso okuwukuphela kwawo ovumayo: ukubolekwa kwezigidi ezingama-31.5 zamadola aseMelika ngo-1974 kwacishwa ngenzalo ngo-1978.
UNgqongqoshe wase-Italy uPaola De Micheli
UNgqongqoshe Wezengqalasizinda nezokuThutha, uPaola de Micheli, uthe esithangamini nabezindaba muva nje: “Siyaqhubeka nokwamukela abasebenzi abaningi (umkhuba, mhlawumbe osuqalile), ngoba uhlelo lokuhleleka luzosihola kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2022 kuye phambili izindiza zebanga elide kakhulu. Futhi ngeke sisebenzise ukungasebenzi kwabasebenzi okuphakanyisiwe. ” Isidingo sokusinda kwezwe lonke sibekelwa eceleni ukuze kugcinwe i-AZ iphila, ibhekwa “njengophawu lwesimo” kuphela.
Ezinye iziqephu zokuphathwa kabi esikhathini sika-2014-2017 zenze i-AZ kukhomishani ngecala lokuqothuka okukhohlisayo, okungelona iqiniso kwezokuxhumana nabantu, kanye nesithiyo emisebenzini yokuqapha, isimo ngokusho kweCodacons, (Uhlu Lwabathengi) isihudulele izinkulungwane zabaninimasheya amancane kwalasha okwesibili. Laba, baqoqelwe esigabeni sokulwa no-Alitalia, balinqobile leli cala, kepha abakatholi mbuyiselo okwamanje.
Isenzo samaCodacon
AmaCodacons akulungele ukuphonsela inselelo imali entsha ka-Alitalia ngemali yomphakathi eYurophu ngemuva kwezindaba zokufakwa kwi "Cura Italia" (isimemezelo sendatshana egunyaza ukwakhiwa kwenkampani entsha elawulwa ngokuphelele nguMnyango Wezomnotho Nezezimali noma elawulwa yi inkampani ebamba iqhaza ikakhulu emphakathini noma ngokungaqondile).
“Lesi yisigcwagcwa sangempela okuzodingeka ukuthi i-Europe isivimbe,” kubhala uCodacons, “ukufakwa kukazwelonke kwe-AZ kuzofaka udoti omkhulu wemali yomphakathi, izinsizakusebenza ezikulesi sikhathi sobunzima bezwe okufanele zimiselwe eminye imikhakha, futhi zingadunwa nakanjani. ukugcwalisa ukuphathwa okuyihlazo kwenkampani yezindiza. ”
Ngakho-ke, amaCodacon, akhumbula ukuthi ukutakulwa kwe-AZ kuwudle umphakathi kanjani amanye ama-9 billion kule minyaka edlule, asekulungele ukufaka isicelo kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu ukuthi ivimbe okunye ukungenelela ngemali yomphakathi yezindiza.
UMario Masciullo (kwesobunxele) no-MD weMalaysia Singapore Airlines efrijini e-FCO Airport Rome ngemuva kokuxhuma kokuqala kweSingapore neRoma ngoJuni 1, 1971.
Umbhali wakuthola ukuthuthuka kwezindiza zomphakathi zase-Italiya kusuka ngonyaka we-1960 kuya kowe-1989. Kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1967, wayengumphathi wezentengiso kwiBritish European Airways yasePiedmont ezinze eTurin; kusuka ngo-1968 kuya ku-1970, wayesebenzela iDSM Northern Italy kwi-East African Airways; kusukela ngoJanuwari 1971 kuya ku-Okthoba 1972, wayengumsunguli weMalaysia Singapore Airlines e-Italy esikhundleni seMenenja Yezwe e-Italy; futhi kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1972 kuya kuNovemba 1989, wayenguMphathi Wezokukhangisa e-Italy wezindiza zaseSingapore.
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