I. Isimo esiyisisekelo nezici Ekuthuthukisweni Kwezokuvakasha kwe-Tibetan
1. Isimo esiyisisekelo
Imboni yezokuvakasha yaseTibet etholakala endaweni embozwe yiqhwa igcwele izintelezi eziyingqayizivele. Inqwaba yabavakashi basekhaya nabangaphandle bamagange ukuya eTibet. Nokho, ngaphambi kokukhululwa ngokuthula kweTibet ngo-1951, yayingekho imboni yezokuvakasha lapho. Ezokuvakasha zaseTibet zaqala ngawo-1980. Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva, imboni yezokuvakasha yaseTibet ithuthukile isuka ezeni futhi yanda isuka kwencane iye enkulu. Futhi ingeyokuqala ukuzuza intuthuko enkulu ezimbonini zakuleli, futhi isibe yimboni eyinsika yokuthuthukisa umnotho wesifunda esizimele saseShayina sase-Tibet.
Ohlelweni lweshumi nanye lweminyaka emihlanu, iTibet yamukele ngokuphelele izivakashi eziyizigidi ezingama-21.25 ezivela ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngokwenyuka konyaka ngama-30.6%, lapho izigidi ezi-0.991 ziyizivakashi zakwamanye amazwe, eziyizigidi ezingama-20.259 ezasekhaya. Isamba semali engenayo yezokuvakasha ifinyelele kumabhiliyoni angama-22.62 ama-RMB nokukhuphuka okungama-29.8%. Qhathanisa nenani eliphelele labavakashi kanye nemali engenayo ngo-2005, i-Tibet yathola ngokuphelele izivakashi eziyizigidi ezingu-68.5 ezivela ekhaya naphesheya ngo-2010, izikhathi ezingu-3.8 kunezonyaka wezi-2005. Futhi imali yonke engenayo yayiyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.14 zama-RMB, izikhathi ezingu-3.7 kunaleyo ka-2005. XNUMX.
2. Izici zokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha zaseTibet
① Isikali sokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha sinwetshiwe.
Ngesikhathi sohlelo lweshumi nanye lweminyaka emihlanu (2005-2010), isifunda esizimele sasinamahhotela alinganiswe ngezinkanyezi angu-173, amahhotela angenankanyezi angu-1165, kanye namahhotela omndeni anezilinganiso zezinkanyezi ezingu-315 anesamba semibhede engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-80. Futhi kwakukhona Izimoto Zokwamukela Ezikhethiwe ezingu-2947 ezokuvakasha. Isibalo sezindawo zabavakashi e-Tibet ezivulekele umphakathi sesifinyelele ku-297, okuhlanganisa nezindawo ezinhle ze-A-Level ezingama-28, izindawo eziwu-17 zezwe kanye nezinga elizimele, iziqiwu eziyisithupha zemvelo, amapaki amabili ezwe, kanye neDolobha Elihle Lezokuvakasha laseChina elilodwa. Imakethe yethu yezokuvakasha isithuthuke isuka ohlotsheni olulodwa oluthola izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe kuphela ukuya ekubeni yinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izinsiza ezinkulu ezintathu zezokuvakasha, okungukuthi, abahambi abangenayo, abaphumayo nabasekhaya.
Inani lama-ejensi okuvakasha esifundeni esizimele selifinyelele ku-102. Futhi inani eliphelele lempahla egxilile yezimboni laliyi-RMB eyi-12.638 billion. Imboni yezokuvakasha iqashe abantu abayizigidi ezi-4.38 futhi ngokungaqondile iqashe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-18.8. Futhi inikeze imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-3,000 unyaka ngamunye. Ezokuvakasha zifake isandla ekwandiseni imisebenzi nasekuchumeni kwesifunda nabantu baso.
②Ukutshalwa kwezimali kuqinisiwe futhi nengqalasizinda yezokuvakasha ibone intuthuko esheshayo.
Ohlelweni lweshumi nanye lweminyaka emihlanu, ngokuholwa yikomidi leqembu likazwelonke nelesifunda kanye nokwesekwa yiminyango efanele, senze uchungechunge lwezimpumelelo ezimangalisayo. I-Qinghai-Tibet Railway ivulekele izimoto kanye ne-Linzhi, i-Ali Airports. I-Lhasa-Xigatse Railway kade yakhiwa. Imigwaqo emikhulu yokuhamba isheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwayo. Imibuthano emine yezokuvakasha egxile e-Lhasa isheshisa inqubo yokufakwa kwetiyela. I-Ancient Tea Horse Road kanye nemisebenzi yokulungiswa komgwaqo uLashi Highway isebenza ngokugcwele. Ukuhlelela ezokuvakasha kubekwa eqhulwini. Indawo yaseShangri-la eco-tourism kanye nokuhlelwa kwezokuvakasha kukajantshi wesitimela wase-Qinghai-Tibet sekuqediwe, futhi sisebenzela nemithetho enemininingwane yezindawo zemvelo (amabala. Umbuso utshale imali eningi ekugcineni izinto ezibalulekile eziheha abantu. Iqoqo lamagugu amasiko angaphatheki lifakiwe ohlwini lukazwelonke.
③ Isu lezokuvakasha lezinga eliphezulu selibekiwe futhi isithombe setimu ye-Tibet kwezokuvakasha siyathuthuka.
Phakathi nohlelo lweshumi nanye lweminyaka emihlanu, ngokuhambisana neSinqumo Sokusheshisa Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezokuvakasha esikhishwe yikomiti leqembu kanye nohulumeni wesifunda sase-Tibet Autonomous, i-Tibet yazama ukuklama ukuvakasha kokubuka izindawo eziqongweni zeqhwa nezihosha ezijulile, ukuvakasha kwezemvelo kuze kube sekuqaleni. amahlathi nezimfunda, uhambo lokungcebeleka oluya emachibini naseziphethwini ezishisayo, ukuvakasha kwamasiko esintu aqukethe isiko lama-Tibet ezindaweni ezithakaselwayo. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Tibet yazikhandla ekuklameni uhambo lwemikhosi yesintu olwathuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-Tibet Autonomous Region.
④ Ukuphatha kuqinisiwe futhi isevisi yathuthukiswa
Ngesikhathi sohlelo lweshumi nanye lweminyaka emihlanu, iMinyango Yokuphatha Ezokuvakasha kuwo wonke amazinga eSifunda Esizihambelayo sase-Tibet yathatha izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo ukuze kuqiniswe abaphathi embonini yezokuvakasha: ukusebenzisa izindinganiso nemithetho eqinile kubanikazi bezokuvakasha, beqondisa iNhlangano Yezimboni Zokuvakasha, ukulawula imvelo yezokuvakasha, ukuqinisa ukubambisana phakathi komnyango ngamunye kwezokugcinwa komthetho nokunye. Futhi sithole imiphumela egculisayo ngemva kokuthatha zonke lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla.
⑤ Ezokuvakasha zasemaphandleni sezithuthuke ngamandla, futhi abantu baseTibet basuse ubumpofu baqala ukuceba.
Phakathi nohlelo lweshumi nanye lweminyaka emihlanu, i-Tibet ithuthukise ngokugcwele imikhiqizo yezokuvakasha yasemakhaya okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala zasemakhaya, ukuhlala kwasekhaya kwaseTibet, nezindawo zokungcebeleka, phakathi kokunye. Yonke le mikhiqizo yezokuvakasha isiza izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni kanye nabantu abahlala ezindaweni zezolimo nezaseluse ukuze benze inzuzo ngokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha kwendawo. Njengamanje, imindeni engu-12,029, yonke izakhamuzi ezingu-48,120 ezindaweni zezolimo nezalusa zinganikeza izivakashi izinsiza zokwamukela izivakashi, okuletha ama-Yuan ayizigidi ezingu-294 futhi umuzi ngamunye uhola iholo lonyaka lama-Yuan angu-24,474 ngokwesilinganiso, imali engenayo yonyaka ngomuntu ngamunye yi-6,118 Yuan. Lokhu kubeka isisekelo esihle senqubo yokuguqula indlela yokukhiqiza kanye nezindlela zokuphila ezindaweni zezolimo nezalusayo, ukudlulisa inani labasebenzi abayinsalela yasemaphandleni, kwandiswe imali etholwa abahlali kanye nokubakhipha ebuphofini.
⑥ Ukuhlelwa kwezokuvakasha kuthuthukisiwe, kwamiswa izinga kanye nomthetho, futhi imboni yezokuvakasha iyonke ithuthukile.
Ohlelweni lweshumi nanye lweminyaka emihlanu, saphikelela ekuhleleni ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo, sanamathela ezindinganisweni zezimboni, saphatha imboni yezokuvakasha ngokwemithetho futhi sakha inqwaba yezinhlelo nemithetho nemithethonqubo okuhlanganisa ne-Eleventh Five-year Plan for Development of Tibet's. Imboni Yezokuvakasha, Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nambili Lokuthuthukiswa Kwengqalasizinda Embonini Yezokuvakasha yase-Tibet, Amazinga Okuhlolwa Kwezokuvakasha Zasemakhaya, Umthetho Wamandla Okuzikhethela Esijeziso Sokuphatha Ngokuphathwa Kwezokuvakasha Kwesifunda Esizimele Sase-China sase-Tibet kanye nezinye.
II. Umbono ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yezokuvakasha yase-Tibet ngesikhathi sohlelo lweminyaka eyishumi nambili:
① Isu lokuthuthukisa
Kufanele sinamathele endleleni yokuthuthukisa enezici zesiShayina kanye nezici zaseTibet futhi sigxilise umqondo wokuthi "Ukuthuthukisa imboni yezokuvakasha ukugxila ekuthuthukisweni, ukuthuthukisa ukuvuleka nokugcina ukuzwana". Umgomo wethu uwukwakha iTibet ibe indawo yezivakashi yomhlaba wonke enemvelo enhle kakhulu, izici zamasiko eziyingqayizivele kanye nomphakathi ophucuzekile nonobunye.
② Izimiso zokuthuthukiswa
Izimiso zethu zentuthuko yilezi: uhulumeni kufanele abambe iqhaza eliphambili; ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha kufanele kuhlomulise abantu; intuthuko kufanele isimeme; ukuthuthukiswa kufanele kube sezingeni eliphezulu futhi kube nezici eziyingqayizivele; zonke izinhlaka zikahulumeni kufanele zenze imizamo ngokubambisana.
③ Imigomo yokuthuthukisa
Ohlelweni lweshumi nambili lweminyaka emihlanu, kufanele siguqule izinzuzo zethu emikhiqizweni yezokuvakasha zibe ezezomnotho, sithuthukise imboni yezokuvakasha ibe imboni ehamba phambili ekuhlomiseni isifunda sendawo kanye nokucebisa izakhamuzi kanye nemboni eyizinsika ukuze sisize sonke isifunda ukuba sizuze impumelelo. ukuthuthukiswa komnotho okuqhubekela phambili, kanye nokubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokwakha iTibet ibe indawo yokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke.
-Ukwandisa izinga lemboni yezokuvakasha yaseTibet
Phakathi nohlelo lweshumi nambili lweminyaka emihlanu, sizosebenzisa ngokugcwele uhlelo lokuphindaphinda inani lezivakashi ezivakashela e-Tibet. Sizama ukuhlangabezana nomgomo wokwamukela izivakashi eziyizigidi ezingu-15 unyaka ngamunye, sizuza ama-Yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-18 embonini yezokuvakasha futhi sidale imisebenzi engu-300,000 embonini yezokuvakasha nezimboni ezihlobene nayo ngo-2015.
-Ukuthuthukisa nokuqinisa imboni yezokuvakasha yaseTibet
Ngonyaka wezi-2015, sizofinyelela umgomo wethu wokwakha uhlelo lwemboni yezokuvakasha oluthuthukiswe ngokuhlelekile olusekelwa amabhizinisi abalulekile naphakathi nendawo, kanye nohlelo lwemakethe yezokuvakasha olunokukhangisa okuphumelelayo, isakhiwo esiphusile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-leapfrog.
-Ukwenza ngcono izinga lentuthuko kanye nokucwengisiswa kwemboni yezokuvakasha yaseTibet inhloso ye-Tibet ukuthi ngo-2015, inani elengeziwe lemboni yezokuvakasha liwukuba libhekelele ngaphezu kuka-50% womkhakha wezinsizakalo e-Tibet kanye nabantu abasebenza embonini yezokuvakasha ukuze baphendule. ngaphezu kwama-50% abantu abaqashwe emkhakheni wezinsizakalo. Futhi, i-Tibet ihlose ukuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezokuvakasha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izama ukuhola eNtshonalanga China ngengxenye yezinzuzo zomnotho ezivela embonini yezokuvakasha ngenani eliphelele lomkhiqizo waso sonke isifunda.
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- During the eleventh five-year plan, in accordance with the Decision on Accelerating the Development of Tourism Industry released by the party committee and the government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet endeavored to design sightseeing tours to snowy peaks and deep canyons, ecological tours to primeval forests and meadows, recreational tours to lakes and hot springs, folk culture tours featuring Tibetan culture to places of interest.
- During the eleventh five-year plan period, Tourism Administration Departments at all levels in the Tibet Autonomous Region took various practical and effective measures to reinforce the management in tourism industry.
- And it is the first to achieve great-leap-forward development among the local industries, and has become the pillar industry to promote economic leap-forward development of China’s Tibet autonomous region.
