I-DOT kanye ne-FAA ziphothula imithetho yezinhlelo zezindiza ezincane ezingenamuntu

WASHINGTON, DC – Namuhla, uMnyango Wezokuthutha, iFederal Aviation Administration usuphothule imithetho yokuqala yokusebenza yokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano yezinhlelo zezindiza ezincane ezingenamuntu (i-UAS noma “ama-drones”), okuvula izindlela zokuhlanganisa ngokugcwele i-UAS endaweni yezindiza yezwe. Le mithetho emisha isebenzela ukusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha ngokuphepha, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemisebenzi, ukuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo lwesayensi olubucayi futhi kusindise izimpilo.

“Siyingxenye yenkathi entsha kwezokundiza, futhi amandla ezindiza ezingenamuntu azokwenza kuphephe futhi kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi ethile, ukuqoqa ukwaziswa, nokuthumela usizo ezinhlekeleleni,” kusho uNobhala Wezokuthutha wase-United States u-Anthony Foxx. "Sibheke ngabomvu ukusebenzisana nomphakathi wezindiza ukusekela izinto ezintsha, kuyilapho sigcina izindinganiso zethu njengendawo yomoya ephephe kunazo zonke futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke emhlabeni."

Ngokwezilinganiso zezimboni, lo mthetho ungase ukhiqizele umnotho wase-US imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-R82 futhi udale amathuba emisebenzi emisha engaphezu kuka-100,000 eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo.

Umthetho omusha, oqala ukusebenza ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, unikeza imithetho yokuphepha yezindiza ezingenamuntu ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-55 ezenza imisebenzi engeyona into yokuzilibazisa.

Izinhlinzeko zalo mthetho zenzelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi kwezinye izindiza nabantu nempahla ephansi. Imithethonqubo idinga abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi bagcine indiza engenamuntu ngaphakathi komugqa obonakalayo. Ukusebenza kuvunyelwe emini naphakathi kokuhwalala uma i-drone inamalambu avimbela ukushayisana. Imithetho emisha iphinde ibhekane nemikhawulo yobude nesivinini kanye neminye imikhawulo yokusebenza, njengokuvimbela izindiza ezidlula kubantu abangavikelekile abaphansi abangabambi iqhaza ngokuqondile emsebenzini we-UAS.

I-FAA inikela ngenqubo yokususa eminye imikhawulo uma opharetha efakazela ukuthi indiza ehlongozwayo izokwenziwa ngokuphepha ngaphansi kokuyekelwa. I-FAA izokwenza ukuthi ingosi eku-inthanethi itholakale ukufaka izicelo zala mawavers ezinyangeni ezizayo.

“Ngalo mthetho omusha, sithatha indlela ecophelelayo nengamabomu elinganisa isidingo sokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe obusha nomsebenzi we-FAA wokuvikela ukuphepha komphakathi,” kusho uMqondisi we-FAA uMichael Huerta. “Kodwa lesi yisinyathelo sethu sokuqala nje. Sesivele sisebenzela eminye imithetho ezonweba ububanzi bemisebenzi.”

Ngaphansi komthetho wokugcina, umuntu oshayela i-drone empeleni kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-16 ubudala futhi abe nesitifiketi sokushayela esikude esinesilinganiso esincane se-UAS, noma agadwe ngokuqondile othile onesitifiketi esinjalo. Ukuze afanelekele ukuthola isitifiketi somshayeli werimothi, umuntu kufanele aphumelele ukuhlolwa kokuqala kolwazi lwendiza esikhungweni sokuhlola ulwazi esigunyazwe yi-FAA noma abe nesitifiketi sokuhlola esikhona seNgxenye 61 ongeyena umfundi. Uma efaneleka ngaphansi kwelungiselelo lakamuva, umshayeli wendiza kufanele abe eqede ukubuyekezwa kwendiza ezinyangeni ezingama-24 ezedlule futhi kufanele athathe isifundo sokuqeqeshwa se-inthanethi se-UAS esinikezwa yi-FAA. I-TSA izohlola ingemuva lezokuphepha lazo zonke izicelo zomshayeli ezikude ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi.

Abaqhubi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-drone iphephile ngaphambi kokundiza, kodwa i-FAA ayidingi i-UAS encane ukuthi ithobelane namazinga amanje e-ejensi yokuba sezindiza noma ukuqinisekiswa kwendiza. Esikhundleni salokho, umshayeli wendiza okude uzomane enze ukuhlola okubonakalayo nokusebenzayo kwangaphambi kokundiza kwe-UAS encane ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi amasistimu aphathelene nokuphepha ayimpahla esebenzayo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola isixhumanisi sokuxhumana phakathi kwesiteshi sokulawula ne-UAS.

Nakuba umthetho omusha ungakhulumi ngokuqondile ngezindaba zobumfihlo ekusetshenzisweni kwama-drones, futhi i-FAA ayilawuli ukuthi i-UAS iqoqa kanjani idatha yabantu noma impahla, i-FAA yenza okuthile ukuze ibhekane nokucatshangelwa kobumfihlo kule ndawo. I-FAA ikhuthaza ngokuqinile bonke abashayeli bezindiza be-UAS ukuthi bahlole imithetho yendawo neyezwe ngaphambi kokuqoqa ulwazi ngobuchwepheshe benzwa bekude noma ukuthwebula izithombe.

Njengengxenye yomkhankaso wokufundisa ngobumfihlo, i-ejensi izohlinzeka bonke abasebenzisi be-drone imihlahlandlela yobumfihlo enconyiwe njengengxenye yenqubo yokubhalisa ye-UAS nangohlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwe-FAA lwe-B4UFly. I-FAA izophinde ifundise bonke abashayeli bezindiza ze-drone ngobumfihlo ngesikhathi senqubo yabo yokuhlola izitifiketi; futhi izokhipha umhlahlandlela omusha kohulumeni basekhaya nowezifundazwe ezindabeni zobumfihlo ze-drone. Umzamo we-FAA wakhela phezu “kwezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu” zobumfihlo ze-National Telecommunications and Information Administration eshicilelwe ngenyanga edlule njengomphumela wohlelo lokuxhumana oluthatha unyaka wonke olunabagqugquzeli bobumfihlo nezimboni.