E-DUBAI, United Arab Emirates - Ngemva konyaka nje ukwehla kwamandla emali emhlabeni kuphazamise ukukhula okukhulu kwe-Dubai, idolobha manje seligcwele izikweletu kangangokuthi selicela ukuhoxiswa izinyanga eziyisithupha ekukhokheleni izikweletu zalo - okudale ukwehla kwezimakethe zomhlaba ngoLwesine futhi kuqubule imibuzo. mayelana nedumela le-Dubai njengozibuthe wokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuwa kwehle ngokushesha futhi kuzwakale emhlabeni jikelele ngemuva kwesitatimende sangoLwesithathu sokuthi injini enkulu yokuthuthukisa yaseDubai, iDubai World, izocela abakweletwayo ukuthi "bame" ukukhokha isikweletu sayo esingu-$60 billion kuze kube okungenani uMeyi. Uphiko lwezindlu zale nkampani, uNakheel - amaphrojekthi akhe ahlanganisa isiqhingi esimise okwesundu eGulf - sithwala isamba semali ngenxa yamabhange, izindlu zokutshala izimali kanye nosonkontileka abathuthukile bangaphandle.

Sekukonke, amanethiwekhi asekelwa uhulumeni ateketiswa nge-Dubai Inc. angamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-80 kanti i-emirate yayidinga ukutakulwa ngasekuqaleni konyaka kumakhelwane wayo ocebe ngowoyela u-Abu Dhabi, inhloko-dolobha yase-United Arab Emirates.

Izimakethe zizithathe kabi lezi zindaba - ngezinkinga zaseDubai kanye nokuwa okuqhubekayo kwedola laseMelika kunikeza abatshalizimali izinkathazo ezimbili. Isinyathelo sikaDubai siphakamise ukukhathazeka ngezikweletu kulo lonke elaseGulf Region. Izintengo zokuqinisekisa izikweletu ezivela e-Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia nase-Bahrain zonke zikhuphuke ngamaphesenti anezinombolo ezimbili ngoLwesine, ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-CMA DataVision.

E-Europe, i-FTSE 100, i-DAX yaseJalimane kanye ne-CAC-40 yaseFrance zivuleke kakhulu. Ngaphambilini e-Asia, inkomba ye-Shanghai yehle amaphuzu angu-119.19, noma amaphesenti angu-3.6, ekwindla enkulu yosuku olulodwa kusukela ngo-Aug. 31. I-Hang Seng yase-Hong Kong yehlise amaphesenti angu-1.8 kuya ku-22,210.41.

I-Wall Street yayivaliwe ngeholide Lokubonga futhi izimakethe eziningi eMpumalanga Ephakathi zazithule ngenxa yedili elikhulu lamaSulumane.

"Isimemezelo sokuma kweDubai ... besingakacaci futhi kusenzima ukubona ukuthi isicelo sokuthi kumiswe sizobe sesokuzithandela," kusho isitatimende se-Eurasia Group, iqembu labacwaningi elizinze eWashington elihlola ubungozi bezepolitiki nezezimali kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abathanda iDubai. .

"Uma kungenjalo, i-Dubai World izohluleka futhi lokho kuzoba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu esikweletini sase-Dubai, i-Dubai World kanye nokuthembela kwezimakethe ku-UAE jikelele," kusho isitatimende.

I-Dubai ibe yisisulu esikhulu sokwehliswa kwezikweletu eGulf ngonyaka odlule. Kepha umbusi wayo, uSheik Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Maktoum, ubelokhu echitha izikhalazo mayelana nokushoda kwezimali kwedolobha futhi wathi leqile ngezikhathi ezimnandi.

Lapho ebuzwa ngesikweletu, waqinisekisa izintatheli ngokuzethemba emhlanganweni ongandile ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule ukuthi “silungile” futhi “asikhathazeki,” eshiya imininingwane yohlelo lokubuyisela - uma uhlelo olunjalo lukhona - ekuqageleni kwawo wonke umuntu.

Kwathi ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, watshela abagxeki baseDubai ukuthi “bavale umlomo.”

"Kudingeka enze uhlelo lokubuyisela oluzohlonishwa yilabo abafuna ukwenza ibhizinisi neDubai," kusho uSimon Henderson, uchwepheshe weGulf namandla eWashington Institute for Near East Policy. "Uma engenzi kahle, iDubai izoba yindawo edabukisayo."

Ngemuva kwezinyanga zokuphika ukuthi ukwehla komnotho kwathinta ngisho nedolobha elikhazimulayo, uhulumeni waseDubai ngasekuqaleni konyaka ukhombise izimpawu zokuzama ukubhekana nokuwa kwezimali okumise inqwaba yamaphrojekthi futhi kwathinta ukuphuma kwabasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe.

NgoFebhuwari, inyuse amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 ekuthengisweni kwebhondi okuhleliwe ngokushesha ebhange eliphakathi lase-United Arab Emirates, elizinze e-Abu Dhabi.

Isivumelwano - esibonwa abaningi njengosizo luka-Abu Dhabi e-Dubai - sasiyingxenye yohlelo lwamabhondi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 ukusiza i-Dubai ihlangabezane nezibopho zayo zezikweletu.

NgoLwesithathu, uMnyango Wezezimali waseDubai umemezele ukuthi i-emirate ikhulise enye imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu zamaRandi ngokuthengisa amabhondi - wonke athathwe amabhange amabili alawulwa yi-Abu Dhabi.

Umndeni ophethe e-Abu Dhabi, i-Al Nahyan, ubuzibambele mathupha ekusebenziseni kwawo imali, utshala inzuzo kawoyela kwingqalasizinda, isiko kanye nezikhungo zikahulumeni. Ngesikhathi sebonanza yezindawo ezithengiswayo eDubai, abakwaNahyans babone umjaho womakhelwane wabo owubukhazikhazi phambili ngezinhlelo zentuthuko nezinhlelo zezokuvakasha ezazinokukhulu ukushuba kodwa imininingwane embalwa yokuthi bazokhishwa kanjani.

Ezinye zenzeke. IBurj Dubai engamamitha angaphezu kuka-2,600 (amamitha angu-800) ihlelelwe ukuvulwa ngoJanuwari njengesakhiwo eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kodwa amanye amaphrojekthi amaningi, okuhlanganisa umbhoshongo omude nakakhulu kuneBurj Dubai kanye namadolobha ayisathelayithi ogwadule, asengamapulani nje.

Ukuma cishe ngeke kuthinte ngokushesha i-CityCenter, indawo yekhasino engu-$8.5 billion ezovulwa ngenyanga ezayo e-Las Vegas engaphansi kwe-Dubai World. Inkampani engaphansi kwe-Dubai World kanye nomqhubi wekhasino i-MGM Mirage bavumelana namabhange ngo-April ukuthi baxhase ngokugcwele futhi baqedele imibhoshongo eyisithupha, ukuthuthukiswa kwamahektha angu-67 kwezindawo zokungcebeleka zikanokusho, amakhondomu, inxanxathela yezitolo kanye nekhasino eyodwa e-Las Vegas Strip.

Kodwa-ke, umphumela wokuma ungazwakala ezindalini ezidumile zamahhashi e-Keeneland eduze kwase-Lexington, e-Ky., lapho u-Sheik Mohammed engumthengi odumile.

Ngesonto eledlule, uSheik Mohammed wehlise esikhundleni amalungu ambalwa aqavile ezinkampanini eziphakeme zaseDubai wafaka amalungu omndeni obusayo, okuhlanganisa namadodana akhe amabili, enye yawo eyindlalifa ka-Mohammed.

Osomabhizinisi abangazange bathandeke bebehlotshaniswa kakhulu nempumelelo eyisimanga yaseDubai. Bahlanganisa inhloko ye-Dubai World, uSultan Ahmed bin Sulayem, kanye no-Mohammed Alabbar, isikhulu se-Emaar Properties, umthuthukisi we-Burj Dubai kanye namakhulu amanye amaphrojekthi.

"Uzama ukulungisa izinto," kusho uChristopher Davidson, ofundisa eGulf eDurham University yaseBrithani kanye nombhali wezincwadi ezimbili e-UAE.

Kodwa-ke, uDavidson wanezela, isinqumo sika-Mohammed sokuvala isikhala salabo abasiza ukubeka iDubai ebalazweni lomhlaba nezihlobo zakhe singase “sifundwe njengokwenyuka kobushiqela obungabonakali kahle emhlabeni wonke.”

Akuwona wonke umuntu ophatheke kabi ngokuguqulwa kwe-Dubai Inc. ibe yibhizinisi lomndeni, kusho abahlaziyi.

Izinyathelo zakamuva zika-Mohammed kungenzeka zithokozise u-Abu Dhabi ngaphezu kwabatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe, kodwa yi-Abu Dhabi esenezisusa eziqine kakhulu zokusindisa i-Dubai osizini lwayo lwezezimali.

"Ngokubuyisela isisekelo samandla emndenini izinto zinjengoba kufanele zibe maqondana no-Abu Dhabi," kusho uMohammed Shakeel, umhlaziyi ozinze eDubai we-Economist Intelligence Unit.

Ngemuva kohambo olubizayo lokwenza izinto ngendlela yaseNtshonalanga, “kubuyela emuva eziyisisekelo” eDubai, kwengeza uShakeel.

Ukubambezeleka kwezikweletu ze-bai kuthuntubeza abatshalizimali

Umakhi wezakhiwo uNakheel bekumele akhokhe cishe u-$3.5bn wamabhondi ngoDisemba [EPA]

Izinkinga zezikweletu eDubai zinyakazise abatshalizimali futhi zafaka ingcindezi kumasheya amabhange emhlabeni wonke njengoba kukhula ukwesaba kokungakhokhi izikweletu.

Amasheya aseYurophu ehle kakhulu angakaze abonwe kusukela ngoMeyi kanti amabhondi eqa ngoLwesine ngemuva kokuthi iDubai imemezele izinhlelo zokuhlela kabusha isikweletu seDubai World, okuyinhlangano ephethwe nguhulumeni ehole ekukhuleni kwe-emirate.

"Lokhu kuyinto ezenzakalelayo kuyo yonke into ngaphandle kwegama," u-Andrew Critchlow, umqondisi ophethe weDow Jones Middle East, etshela i-Al Jazeera.

“Akekho obekulindele lokhu. Abantu bebelindele ukuthi iDubai isiqala ukuphuma enkingeni yezomnotho futhi inqobe ukwehla esikubonile emhlabeni jikelele. ”

Izindleko zokuqinisekisa isikweletu saseDubai zikhuphuke ngoLwesine kulandela isimemezelo sikahulumeni.

Iminyaka emihlanu yokushintshashintsha kwezikweletu zaseDubai - umshwalense obhekene nengozi yesikweletu - ikhuphuke yafinyelela cishe kumaphuzu angama-470, okukhuphuke ngamaphuzu angama-30 ekupheleni kweseshini yangaphambilini, kusho i-CMA Datavision, iqembu elihlaziya izimakethe ezinze eLondon.

"I-Dubai ayenzi lutho oluyintandokazi engozini futhi izimakethe zihlala zisesimweni esisengozini yomqondo," uRussell Jones, inhloko yocwaningo lwemali engenayo engaguquki kanye nohlobo lwemali eLondon kwa-RBC Capital Markets, etshela i-Bloomberg.com.

“Sisesimeni lapho sisengcupheni yokushaqeka kwezezimali kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo futhi lokhu kungezinye zazo,” kusho yena.

Isikweletu 'simile'

Uhulumeni waseDubai uthe ngoLwesithathu uzocela abakweletwa yiDubai World ukuthi bamukele ukumiswa kwezikweletu ezibiza izigidigidi zamarandi.

Lesi sinyathelo siyingxenye yohlelo lokuhlela kabusha inkampani ephethwe uhulumeni kanye nenkampani engaphansi kukanjiniyela wezakhiwo uNakheel.

"I-Dubai World ihlose ukucela bonke abahlinzeki bezimali e-Dubai World naseNakheel ukuthi 'bame kancane' futhi banwebe ukuvuthwa kuze kube okungenani zingama-30 kuMeyi 2010," kusho isitatimende esikhishwe yi-Dubai Financial Support Fund.

UNakheel, umakhi weziqhingi zokuhlala ezimise okwesundu, bekumele akhokhe cishe u-$3.5bn kumabhondi amaSulumane asekhulile ngoDisemba.

UNakheel ubhekele ukwakhiwa kwesiqhingi sokwenziwa sasePalm Jumeriya [AFP]
UCritchlow utshele u-Al Jazeera ukuthi: “Bekunezimpawu zokubuya kwemakethe yezakhiwo. Ezohwebo nezokuvakasha zase ziqala ukushuba futhi.

"Ngakho-ke lokhu kumangaze wonke umphakathi wamabhizinisi futhi akekho noyedwa ngaphandle kwamabhange aphesheya okungenzeka alahlekelwe izigidigidi lapha."

UJohn Sfakianakis, isazi sezomnotho esikhulu ebhange laseSaudi Fransi, uthe: “Kungase kube isinyathelo sokuhlukanisa isincibilikisi ezinkampanini ezincibilika kancane emzamweni wokususa isisindo ezinkampanini ezingadalulwanga kangako.

“[Kodwa] lokho akukudambi ngokuphelele ukukhathazeka kwemakethe kodwa kungase kubonise ukuqala kwenqubo yokuhlela kabusha nokuhlela kabusha izigaba.”

I-Dubai inezikweletu zangaphandle ezingaba ngu-$80bn, lapho i-Dubai World, enye yezinkampani ezinkulu eziphethe i-emirate, inabanikazi cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine.

I-emirate manje isithathwa njengohulumeni wesithupha okungenzeka ukuthi ukhokhe imali ebolekiwe emhlabeni wonke, ngokusho kwe-CMA Datavision, ikubeka ngaphansi kweLatvia ne-Iceland.

"Kubukeka sengathi iDubai World izohlukaniswa," kusho uCritchlow. "Empeleni yizindaba ezimbili - ezinhle nezimbi - i-DP World ngakolunye uhlangothi ... bese kuba nezinye izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo."

Ukuhlela kabusha okubalulekile

Uhulumeni waseDubai uthe ngoLwesine iDP World, inkampani yamachweba omhlaba, futhi isikweletu sayo ngeke sibe yingxenye yokuhlelwa kabusha kweDubai World ngoLwesine.

IDubai World ibizama ukunxenxa abakweletwa ngamabhange ukuthi bahlele kabusha imali efika ku-$12bn yemali mboleko yayo.

Inkampani, ephethe i-Barneys New York, yaqasha inkampani yabeluleki ngo-Agasti ukuze iyisize ihlole izindlela zokuthuthukisa isimo sezimali se-US luxury chain.

I-emirate iqongelele isikweletu sayo njengoba ikhula emkhakheni wamabhange kanye nezindawo ezithengiswayo ngaphambi kokuba inkinga yezimali yomhlaba yomise uxhaso olukhona.

Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu ezixhumene nohulumeni manje sekuseqhulwini njengoba uhulumeni efuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzobuyela emuva emnothweni wakhe wezohwebo, ezokuvakasha kanye nogxile ezinsizakalweni futhi alulame ekulimaleni kwempahla.