I-DUBAI, United Arab Emirates - USofia, owesifazane waseFrance oneminyaka engu-34 ubudala, wathuthela lapha ngonyaka odlule ezothatha umsebenzi wokukhangisa, eqiniseka kakhulu ngomnotho wase-Dubai okhula ngokushesha kangangokuthi wathenga indlu cishe ngama-US $ 300,000 nomuntu oneminyaka engu-15. imali yendlu.
Manje, njengezisebenzi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe ezakha amaphesenti angama-90 abantu lapha, udiliziwe futhi ubhekene nethemba lokuphoqwa ukuba alishiye leli dolobha lasePersian Gulf - noma okubi nakakhulu.
“Ngiyesaba ngempela ukuthi kungenzekani ngoba ngithenge indawo lapha,” kusho uSofia ocele ukuthi kugodlwe isibongo sakhe ngoba usazingela umsebenzi omusha. “Uma ngingakwazi ukuyikhokha, ngatshelwa ukuthi ngingagcina ngivalelwe ejele labakweletayo.
Njengoba umnotho waseDubai ubhidlika mahhala, amaphephandaba abike ukuthi zingaphezu kuka-3,000 izimoto ezihlezi zishiywe endaweni yokupaka esikhumulweni sezindiza eDubai, zishiywe abantu bangaphandle ababalekayo, abacwile ezikweletini (okungase baboshwe uma behluleka ukukhokha izikweletu zabo). Abanye kuthiwa banamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti aphelele ngaphakathi namanothi okuxolisa aqoshwe kuwindi lomoya.
Uhulumeni uthi inani langempela liphansi kakhulu. Kepha lezi zindaba ziqukethe okungenani uhlamvu lweqiniso: abantu abangenamsebenzi lapha balahlekelwa ama-visa abo omsebenzi bese kufanele balishiye izwe kungakapheli inyanga. Lokho-ke kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali, kudala izikhala zezindlu, futhi kwehlisa amanani ezindawo ezithengiswayo ekwehleni okushiye izingxenye zeDubai - eyake yahlonishwa njengamandla amakhulu kwezomnotho eMiddle East - ebukeka njengedolobha eliyisipoki.
Akekho owaziyo ukuthi izinto zibe zimbi kangakanani, nakuba kusobala ukuthi amashumi ezinkulungwane ahambile, amanani ezindlu ezithengiswayo ehle, futhi inqwaba yemiklamo emikhulu yokwakha yaseDubai imisiwe noma yakhanselwa. Kepha njengoba uhulumeni engafuni ukunikeza imininingwane, amahlebezi azodlondlobala, alimaza ukuzethemba futhi acekele phansi umnotho.
Esikhundleni sokuqhubekela phambili ekukhanyeni okukhulu, ama-emirate abonakala ehambela kwelinye icala. Uhlaka olusha lomthetho wabezindaba luzokwenza kube yicala ukulimaza isithunzi noma umnotho wezwe, okujeziswa ngenhlawulo efinyelela ku-1 million dirham (cishe ama-US$272,000). Abanye bathi sekuyaba nomthelela omubi ekubikeni ngale nkinga.
Ngenyanga edlule, amaphephandaba endawo abike ukuthi i-Dubai ihoxisa ama-visa omsebenzi angu-1,500 nsuku zonke, icaphuna izikhulu zikahulumeni ezingadalulwanga. Ebuzwa ngale nombolo uHumaid bin Dimas, okhulumela uMnyango wezabaSebenzi eDubai, uthe ngeke aqinisekise noma aphike futhi wenqabile ukuphawula kakhulu. Abanye bathi inani langempela liphakeme kakhulu.
"Okwamanje kukhona abakulungele ukukholelwa okubi kakhulu," kusho uSimon Williams, isikhulu sezomnotho ebhange le-HSBC eDubai. "Futhi imikhawulo yedatha yenza kube nzima ukulwa namahemuhemu."
Ezinye izinto zicacile: amanani ezindlu, akhuphuke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula kweDubai iminyaka eyisithupha, ehle ngamaphesenti angama-30 noma ngaphezulu ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu ezedlule kwezinye izingxenye zedolobha. Ngesonto eledlule, i-Moody's Investor's Service imemezele ukuthi ingase yehlise izilinganiso zayo ezinkampanini zikahulumeni eziyisithupha ezivelele kakhulu zase-Dubai, isho ukuwohloka kwesimo somnotho. Izimoto eziningi zikanokusho ezisetshenzisiwe ziyadayiswa, ngezinye izikhathi zithengiswa ngamaphesenti angu-40 ngaphansi kwenani elibuzwayo ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule, kusho abadayisi bezimoto. Imigwaqo yase-Dubai, ngokuvamile eminyene nesiminyaminya ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, manje isicacile kakhulu.
Abanye abahlaziyi bathi le nkinga kungenzeka ibe nemiphumela ehlala njalo kumfelandawonye wamalungu ayisikhombisa wama-emirates, lapho iDubai sekunesikhathi eside idlala umfowabo omncane no-Abu Dhabi ocebe ngowoyela futhi ongonga kakhulu. Izikhulu zaseDubai, zigwinye ukuziqhenya kwazo, zikubeke kwacaca ukuthi zizobe sezivuleleke ekutholeni ibheyili, kodwa kuze kube manje i-Abu Dhabi isinikeze usizo emabhange ayo kuphela.
"Kungani i-Abu Dhabi ivumela umakhelwane wayo ukuthi alahlwe isithunzi samazwe ngamazwe, kuyilapho engakwazi ukukhipha amabhange aseDubai futhi abuyisele ukuzethemba?" kusho uChristopher M. Davidson, owabikezela inkinga yamanje ethi “Dubai: The Vulnerability of Success,” incwadi eyanyatheliswa ngonyaka odlule. "Mhlawumbe icebo liwukuhlanganisa i-UAE," ngaphansi kokulawulwa ngu-Abu Dhabi, wacabanga, ngomnyakazo ozonciphisa kakhulu ukuzimela kwe-Dubai futhi mhlawumbe uguqule isitayela sayo sokusayina samahhala.
Kubantu abaningi bakwamanye amazwe, iDubai ekuqaleni ibibonakala iyindawo yokuphephela, ivikelekile obishini oluqale ukushaya umhlaba wonke ekwindla edlule. IPersian Gulf izungezwe ingcebo enkulu kawoyela negesi, futhi abanye abalahlekelwa imisebenzi eNew York naseLondon baqala ukufaka izicelo lapha.
Kepha iDubai, ngokungafani ne-Abu Dhabi noma iQatar eseduze neSaudi Arabia, ayinawo owayo uwoyela, futhi izakhele udumo ngendawo ethengiswayo, ezezimali, nakwezokuvakasha. Manje, abantu abaningi abavela kwamanye amazwe lapha bakhuluma ngeDubai njengokungathi bekuwumdlalo wokukhohlisa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amahemuhemu e-Lurid asakazeka ngokushesha: i-Palm Jumeira, isiqhingi sokwenziwa esingesinye sentuthuko yophawu lwaleli dolobha, kuthiwa siyacwila, futhi uma uvula ompompi bamahhotela akhiwe phezu kwaso, kuphuma amaphela kuphela.
“Ingabe kuzoba ngcono? Bakutshela lokho kodwa angisasazi ukuthi yini okumele ngiyikholelwe,” kusho uSofia osanethemba lokuthola umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba siphele isikhathi sakhe. "Abantu bethuka ngokushesha."
U-Hamza Thiab, wase-Iraqi oneminyaka engama-27 owathuthela lapha esuka e-Baghdad ngo-2005, walahlekelwa umsebenzi wakhe enkampanini yobunjiniyela emasontweni ayisithupha edlule. Unesikhathi kuze kuphele uFebhuwari ukuthi athole umsebenzi, noma ahambe. “Sekuphele izinyanga ezintathu ngifuna umsebenzi omusha, futhi nginenhlolokhono emibili kuphela,” usho kanje. “Phambilini benivula amaphepha lapha nibone inqwaba yemisebenzi. Ubuncane bukanjiniyela wezakhiwo onolwazi lweminyaka emine babuvamise ukuba ngu-15,000 dirham ngenyanga. Manje, inani eliphezulu ozolithola ngu-8,000,” noma cishe ama-US$2,000.
UMnu. Thiab wayehlezi eCosta Coffee Shop enxanxatheleni yezitolo i-Ibn Battuta, lapho iningi lamakhasimende lalibonakala lingamadoda angashadile ahlezi wodwa, ephuza ikhofi ngokuzikhandla emini bebade. Uma ehluleka wukuthola umsebenzi, kuzomele aye eJordan, lapho enamalungu omndeni wakhe - i-Iraq iseyingozi kakhulu, uthi - nakuba isimo singesihle lapho. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kuzomele aboleke uyise imali ukuze akhokhe imali engaphezu kuka-US$12,000 asayikweleta ebhange ngemoto yakhe yohlobo lweHonda Civic. Abangane base-Iraq bathenge izimoto ezishibhile futhi manje, abanawo umsebenzi, badonsa kanzima ukuzithengisa.
“Phambilini, abaningi bethu bebephila impilo emnandi lapha,” kusho uMnu Thiab. “Manje asikwazi ukukhokha izikweletu zethu. Sonke nje silele, siyabhema, siphuza ikhofi futhi siphathwa yikhanda ngenxa yalesi simo.”
Umsebenzi we-New York Times e-Dubai ufake isandla ekubikeni.
