Isingeniso: Ukuthola Iwayini LamaGreki - I-Palate Adventure
Kulolu chungechunge olunezingxenye ezi-4, “Amawayini esiGreki. I-Small-Scale + Impact Enkulu,” sibheka ukuthi kungani amawayini e-Greek kufanele abe ku-radar yakho.
Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zomdabu: I-Greece inamagilebhisi endabuko angaphezu kuka-300, ngalinye linokunambitheka okuhlukile nezici zalo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka okumangalisayo kuvumela abathandi bewayini ukuhlola izinhlobonhlobo zezinkulumo zamagilebhisi ezibonisa ifa laseGreece elicebile le-viticultural. Kusukela ku-Assyrtiko ecwebezelayo neqhutshwa ngamaminerali kuya ephunga elimnandi nezimbali UMoschofilero, kunewayini lesiGreki elifanelana nolwanga ngalunye. Ukuhlola lezi zinhlobonhlobo zendabuko kufana nokuthatha uhambo lokunqamula i-terroir namasiko aseGreece.
I-Teroir ehlukile: Isimo sezulu saseGreece esihlukahlukene, ukukhanya kwelanga okuchichimayo, nokwakheka kwenhlabathi eyingqayizivele kwenza iwayini libe sezingeni elimangalisayo. Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile sivumela amagilebhisi ukuthi avuthwe ngokugcwele, okuholela ekunambithekeni okugxilile kanye ne-asidi ephilayo. Umhlabathi omncane nompofu, ovame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, uphoqa imivini ukuba ithwale kanzima, ikhiqize isivuno esincane kodwa amagilebhisi ekhwalithi engavamile. Le nhlanganisela yezinto idala iwayini eliyinkimbinkimbi, ukujula, kanye nomuzwa onamandla wendawo.
Amawayini amhlophe ahehayo: Amawayini amhlophe eGreece athole ukuqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele ngekhwalithi yawo evelele kanye nesimilo esihlukile. I-Assyrtiko, etshalwa kakhulu e-Santorini, ikhiqiza iwayini elomile emathanjeni eline-asidi ephezulu, i-minerality ezwakalayo, kanye nama-flavour aqabulayo e-citrus. I-Malagousia ne-Moschofilero zinikeza amaphrofayili anephunga elimnandi anamanothi ezimbali kanye namacebo ezithelo ezingavamile. Lawa mawayini amhlophe ahlukahlukene futhi ahambisana kahle nokudla okuhlukahlukene, okuwenza abe ukwengeza okujabulisayo kunoma yiliphi iqoqo lewayini.
Iwayini elibomvu elivezayo: Iwayini elibomvu lamaGreki, ikakhulukazi i-Xinomavro ne-Agiorgitiko, nawo athole ukunakwa ngokujula nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwawo. I-Xinomavro, evame ukuqhathaniswa ne-Nebbiolo yase-Italy, ikhiqiza okubomvu okufanele ubudala okunama-tannins aqinile, i-acidity ephilayo, nama-flavour ezithelo ezimnyama, izinongo, nomhlaba. I-Agiorgitiko, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Igazi Le-Hercules" iletha iwayini elihle neliphakathi nendawo elinamakha abomvu nama-tannins aluhlaza. Lawa mawayini abomvu anikeza i-twist eyingqayizivele ezinhlotsheni zamagilebhisi zakudala futhi anikeze umuzwa ophoqelelayo kubathandi bewayini.
Izitayela Ezilungele Ukudla: Amawayini aseGreece aziwa ngokudla kwawo kanye nekhono lawo lokugcwalisa kahle ukudla kwezwe. Ngokugcizelelwa kwayo ezithakweni ezintsha, amakhambi anephunga elimnandi, nama-flavour agqamile, ukudla kwamaGreki kuhambisana kahle newayini lamaGreki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ujabulela idili lokudla kwasolwandle nge-Assyrtiko ehlanzekile, ukubhanqa isidlo sewundlu ne-Xinomavro enesibindi, noma i-meze emnandi ye-Greek ene-Agiorgitiko enemisebenzi eminingi, amawayini e-Greek aphakamisa isipiliyoni sokudlela futhi adale ukuhambisana okuvumelanayo.
I-Economics of Greek Wine Industry
IGreece inomlando omude nocebile wokukhiqizwa kwewayini, futhi ibambe indawo ebalulekile kumagugu amasiko ezwe. I-geography ye-Greece eyingqayizivele, ne-microclimate yayo ehlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zenhlabathi, ivumela ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwewayini elinokunambitheka okuhlukile kanye nezici.
Ngokwesilinganiso sesivini, iGrisi ithathwa njengomkhiqizi omncane uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe akhiqiza iwayini. Isamba sezivini eGreece silinganiselwa kumahektha ayi-106,000, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwewayini ngonyaka kungamahektholitha ayizigidi ezi-2.2. Lesi silinganiso esincane sokukhiqiza sinomthelela ekukhetheni kanye nobuciko obuhlobene newayini lamaGreki.
Imboni yewayini yaseGreece ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zabakhiqizi ngokusekelwe kumthamo wabo wokukhiqiza. Izitolo ezinkulu zewayini zinamandla okukhiqiza angaphezu kuka-100,000 amahektholitha ngonyaka, kanti izindawo zokudayisa iwayini ezimaphakathi zikhiqiza phakathi kwama-hectolitha angama-30,000 nezi-100,000 ngonyaka. Izindawo zokukhiqiza iwayini ezincane, ezivame ukuba ngezomndeni, zinomthamo olinganiselwe wokukhiqiza ongaphansi kwamathani angu-30,000. Ukwengeza, kunamadlelandawonye agxile ekukhiqizeni nasekusabalaliseni iwayini ikakhulukazi ezingeni lendawo.
Cishe bangu-700–1350 abakhiqizi bewayini abasebenzayo eGreece abanama-692 abanelayisensi yokukhiqiza iwayini le-PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) kanye ne-PGI (Protected Designation of Indication). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le nombolo ihlanganisa abakhiqizi bewayini abanezindawo eziningi zewayini, ezibhaliswe kanye kuphela ngokusekelwe endaweni yekomkhulu labo. Igama elithi “esebenzayo” libhekise kubakhiqizi asebevele bakhiqiza iwayini elisemabhodleleni. Abanye abakhiqizi bewayini eGreece bangase babe nezivini kodwa abakabi nabanikazi bamawayini aphelele, futhi bathembele kwezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza iwayini ukuze bakhiqize futhi basekele. Ukukhiqizwa kwewayini eGreece kunokugxilwa kwamasheya emakethe aphansi futhi azikho izinkampani ezinesabelo semakethe esingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-5.
Umkhakha wewayini eGreece uvame ukuthatha uhlobo lwamabhizinisi omndeni anesiko lesikhathi eside. Lezi zindawo zewayini eziphethwe wumndeni zihambisa phambili amanani, izimpawu, namasiko agxile kakhulu emasikweni namagugu abo. Iningi lale mindeni lizakhele udumo oluqinile lwemakethe eminyakeni edlule, ngenxa yokuzinikela kwabo kukhwalithi kanye nokuzibophezela kwabo ekulondolozeni izici ezihlukile zamawayini aseGreece.
I-boom ehlobene embonini yewayini yamaGreki ingabangwa yilokhu:
1. 1969, ukuze kugcwaliseke imibandela yokujoyina i-European Union, iGreece yabuyekeza uhlaka lwayo lomthetho lwamawayini.
2. 1988, ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi “iwayini lesifunda” kuvunywe yimithetho kazwelonke.
Lezi zinguquko ziholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinga lamawayini akhiqizwayo kanye nokuvuselelwa komkhakha wewayini wezwe. Le ntuthuko iqiniswe yizenzo ezihlanganyelwe zabakhiqizi bewayini ezifundeni ezimbalwa ezidale izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo.
Usayizi wemakethe womkhakha wewayini waseGreece (2023) olinganiswa ngemali engenayo ngu-182.0m Euros. Imakethe yehle ngamaphesenti angu-15 ngonyaka ngokwesilinganiso phakathi kuka-1018 no-2023. Imboni iqashe abantu abangu-3580 ekukhiqizeni iwayini (2023) ngesilinganiso sabasebenzi abangu-4.8 endaweni ngayinye.
Abathengi bayakhuthazwa
Iwayini laseGreece linikeza inselele ethokozisayo kumthengi njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi zomdabu ezitshalwayo. Nakuba la magilebhisi akhiwe kahle, amaningi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, awakaziwa ngaphandle kweGreece futhi amagama awo ngokuvamile anzima ukuwabiza. Amagama amawayini, izifunda, kanye nabakhiqizi nakho kuletha inselele efanayo.
Ukulebula kwamawayini aseGreece kusekelwe emthethweni we-European Union womkhakha wewayini ngakho-ke kufanele kulandele imithetho ethile. Ilebula lewayini elenziwe ngendlela efanele lizoqukatha ulwazi oludingekayo nolungazikhethela, ngokuya ngesigaba sewayini.
Amawayini akhiqizwa amazwe ase-European Union, iGreece eyilungu lawo, ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: i-VQPRD (isiFulentshi Yewayini Elisezingeni Elikhiqizwe Esifundeni Esinqunyiwe) kanye Newayini Letafula. Isigaba esingcono kakhulu se-Table Wines i-Regional Wines ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi i-Vins de Pays.
Amawayini ane-Appellation - VQPRD
E-Greece, kunezigaba ezimbili ze-VQPRD:
1. Amawayini Anegama Lekhwalithi Ephakeme [Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Ανωτέρας Ποιότητος noma ΟΠΑΠ]
2. Amawayini ane-Appellation of Controlled Origin [Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Eλεγχόμενης noma ΟΠΕ] asetshenziselwa iwayini le-dessert kuphela.
Ukuze iwayini linqunywe njenge-Appellation of Origin, kufanele lilandele imithetho mayelana nezindawo ezishiwo:
a. Lapho amagilebhisi avunyelwe ukulinywa
b. Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi
c. Indlela yokulima
d. Isivuno esiphezulu ngehektare
e. Iphesenti lotshwala
f. Indlela ye-vinification
g. Izici ezizwakalayo zewayini elikhiqiziwe
Kunezicelo ezingama-28 eGreece. Ezingu-20 ziyi-Appellations of Superior Quality zamawayini owomile kanti ezingu-8 ziyi-Appellations of Controlled Origin zamawayini e-dessert.
Ubani Ophuzayo?
Izibalo zabantu kanye ne-psychographics yabantu abaphuza iwayini lesiGreki ingahluka, njengoba ukuphuza iwayini kuthonywa izintandokazi zomuntu ngamunye, izici zamasiko, kanye nokuthandwa komuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, izici ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zichaza labo abajabulela iwayini lamaGreki:
Abathandi bewayini: Abantu abathanda iwayini, abajabulela ukuhlola izindawo ezahlukene zewayini, futhi bathokozela ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele nezici zamawayini avela emhlabeni wonke kungenzeka bavuleleke ekuzameni iwayini lamaGreki. Bangase bafune ngenkuthalo izindawo zewayini ezingaziwa kakhulu noma ze-niche nezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi, kuhlanganise nalezo ezitholakala eGreece.
Abahloli Bezamasiko: Abantu abanentshisekelo ekuhloleni amasiko kanye nokudla okuhlukahlukene kanye neziphuzo bavame ukudonswa amawayini esiGreki. Laba bantu bangase babe nelukuluku lokwazi ngamasiko, umlando, namasiko amaGreki, futhi babheke iwayini njengendlela yokuhlola nokuxhumana namagugu ezwe.
I-Adventurous Palates: Abantu abajabulela ukuzama ama-flavour amasha, ukufuna okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile, nokuphumela ngaphandle kwezindawo zabo zokunethezeka kungenzeka bahehwe amawayini esiGreki. I-Greece ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi omdabu, ngayinye enezici zayo ezihlukile, enikeza ithuba kwabashisekeli bewayini ukuthi bahlole futhi bathole ukunambitheka okusha.
Abathandi Bokudla Newayini: Iwayini lamaGreki livame ukujatshulelwa kanye nokudla kwamaGreki, aziwa ngezithako zawo ezintsha, ukunambitheka kweMedithera, nezitsha ezihlukahlukene. Abantu abajabulela inhlanganisela yokudla newayini, futhi bajabulela ukuhlola ukudla kanye newayini, bangathola iwayini lamaGreki njengenketho ehambisanayo yezintandokazi zabo zokupheka.
Othisha Nezisebenzi Zewayini: Ama-Sommeliers, abafundisi bewayini, kanye nochwepheshe embonini yewayini ababambe iqhaza ekufundiseni, ekubhaleni, noma ekuxhumaneni ngewayini bangase babe nesithakazelo esikhethekile ewayinini lamaGreki. Bangase
Abantu abahlala eGreece bangabathengi bokuqala bewayini lamaGreki. Izizukulwane ezincane kwadingeka ziqiniseke ukuthi ukuphuza iwayini kwakuhamba phambili ngenkathi izizukulwane ezindala kufanele ziguqulwe zibe iwayini elisemabhodleleni (ngokungafani nenqwaba). Kwadingeka bafunde ukuthi iwayini lingaba ingxenye emnandi yokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Ngeshwa, ochwepheshe abaningi bewayini nabathengi bahlobanisa iwayini lesiGreki ne-Retsina, bengaqapheli ukuthi i-retsina yamanje empeleni ilula futhi iyaqabula, futhi ayifaki izithombe zikaphethiloli.
© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.
Funda Ingxenye 1 lapha: Iwayini! IsiGreki Kimi
