Port Au Prince, Haiti – Ukuthumba, udlame lwamaqembu ezigelekeqe, ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa, amaphoyisa akhohlakele, ukuvinjwa kwemigwaqo okuvuthayo.
Imibiko evela ezweni elimpofu kakhulu eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe yanele ukuba ivimbe umhambi ozamazama kakhulu ukuba kude.
Kodwa ngokochwepheshe bezokuphepha nezikhulu zophiko lweZizwe Ezihlangene olugcina ukuthula ePort-au-Prince, iHaiti ayinalo udlame ukwedlula noma yiliphi elinye izwe eLatin America.
“Kuyinganekwane enkulu,” kusho uFred Blaise, umkhulumeli wamaphoyisa e-UN eHaiti. “IPort-au-Prince ayiyona ingozi ukwedlula noma yiliphi idolobha elikhulu. Ungaya eNew York futhi uthathwe ubanjwe ukhonjwe ngesibhamu. Kungokufanayo nasemadolobheni aseMexico noma eBrazil.”
Isithombe esibi saseHaiti siwubhidlizile umnotho wayo, imboni yayo yezokuvakasha eyake yadlondlobala manje isilinganiselwe kakhulu izisebenzi zosizo, abagcini bokuthula, namanxusa.
Kepha imininingwane ye-UN ikhombisa ukuthi izwe lingaba phakathi kwamazwe aphephe kakhulu esifundeni.
Ngokombiko we-UN wokugcina ukuthula, kube nezigameko zokubulala ezingama-487 eHaiti ngonyaka odlule, noma cishe zingu-5.6 kubantu abayizi-100,000. Ucwaningo lwango-2007 oluhlanganyelwe lwe-UN-World Bank lwalinganisela izinga lokubulala elimaphakathi eCaribbean ku-30 kwabangu-100,000, kanti i-Jamaica ibhalise cishe izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye zokubulala - ukubulawa kwabantu abangu-49 kubantu abangu-100,000 - njengalezo eziqoshwe yi-UN eHaiti.
Ngo-2006, iRiphabhulikhi yaseDominican Republic yabona ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi ngokuphindwe kane kunomuntu ngamunye kuneHaiti - abangu-23.6 kwabangu-100,000, ngokusho kweCentral American Observatory on Violence.
“Abukho ubudlova obuningi [eHaiti],” kuphikisa uJenene Jose Elito Carvalho Siquiera, owayengumkhuzi webutho le-UN eHaiti eBrazil. “Uma uqhathanisa amazinga obumpofu lapha nalawo aseSão Paolo noma amanye amadolobha, kunodlame olwengeziwe lapho.”
Ithimba le-UN lokugcina ukuthula, elaziwa ngokuthi iMinustah, lafika ngoJuni 2004, ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu amasosha ase-US exoshe lowo owayenguMongameli uJean-Bertrand Aristide e-Afrika phakathi nokuvukela umbuso.
Uhulumeni wesikhashana, esekelwa yi-UN, i-United States, iFrance, neCanada, waqala umkhankaso wokucindezela abalandeli bakaMnu Aristide, waqala ukulwa iminyaka emibili emijondolo yasePort-au-Prince phakathi kwamaqembu ezigebengu, amaphoyisa aseHaiti, Abagcini bokuthula be-UN.
Khonamanjalo, igagasi lokuthumba lavusa ukungezwani, lapho iMinustah yabhalisa abangu-1,356 ngo-2005 nango-2006.
“Ukuthunjwa kwashaqisa wonke umuntu ngoba kwakungenzeki esikhathini esidlule,” kusho uMnu. “Noma kunjalo, uma uqhathanisa isibalo sokuthunjwa lapha, angicabangi ukuthi singaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye indawo.”
Ngonyaka odlule, ezokuphepha zaba ngcono ngokuphawulekayo njengoba isibalo sokuthunjwa sehla ngamaphesenti acishe abe ngu-70, okuyingxenye yokuthuthukiswa kwezokuphepha ngaphansi kukaMongameli René Préval, owakhethwa ekubhidlikeni komhlaba ngoFebhuwari 2006. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, izinkulungwane zababhikishi zangena emigwaqweni Port-au-Prince izokhalaza ukwanda kokuthumba. Okungenani bangu-160 abantu asebethunjwe kulo nyaka, ngokusho kwamaphoyisa aseHaiti nase-UN, kubika iReuters. Kuwo wonke u-2007, bangu-237 abantu abathunjwa, kusho umbiko.
Futhi ngo-April, izinkulungwane zabantu zangena emigwaqweni zifuna ukwehliswa kwentengo yokudla, zathumela izithombe zamathayi avuthayo kanye nababhikishi abajikijela amatshe emhlabeni jikelele.
Noma kunjalo, ukuqhuma kwezibhamu manje akusavamile ukuzwakala ePort-au-Prince, futhi ukuhlaselwa kwabokufika kumbalwa. Ezinyangeni ezedlule, izindiza ze-American Airlines ezivela eMiami bezigcwele izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKristu.
Ezinye izingqapheli zithi ngisho nalapho ukuntengantenga kukubi kakhulu, udlame lwaluvame ukuphelela emijondolo yasePort-au-Prince.
“Uma uqhathanisa iHaiti ne-Iraq, ne-Afghanistan, neRwanda, asiveli ngisho nangesilinganiso esifanayo,” kusho uPatrick Elie, owayengunobhala wezokuvikela ohola ikhomishana kahulumeni mayelana nokusungulwa kwebutho elisha lezokuphepha.
“Sibe nomlando onesiyaluyalu, obonakala ngokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe,” kusho uMnu. Elie. “Kodwa ngaphandle kwempi okwakudingeka siyilwe ukuze sithole inkululeko yethu nokuzimela kumaFulentshi, iHaiti ayikaze ibe nobudlova obungaqhathaniswa nalolo oluye lwenziwa eYurophu, eMelika, nasemazweni aseYurophu e-Afrika nase-Asia. .”
I-Viva Rio, iqembu elisekelwe eBrazil lokuncishiswa kodlame elafika eHaiti ngesicelo se-UN, lakwazi ngoMashi 2007 ukukholisa amaqembu ezigelekeqe alwayo e-Bel Air kanye nemijondolo eseduze yedolobha ukuthi ayeke udlame ukuze athole imifundaze yentsha. "Lokhu kungaba yinto engacabangeki eRio," kusho uRubem Cesar Fernandes, umqondisi weViva Rio.
Ngokungafani naseBrazil, uthi, izigelekeqe ezizinze emijondolo yaseHaiti azibandakanyeki kangako ekuhwebeni kwezidakamizwa. Uthi: “Njengamanje eHaiti kunesithakazelo esikhulu sokuthula kunempi. “[T] nali lolu bandlululo oluhlobanisa iHaiti nengozi, ngaphezu kwakho konke okubonakala sengathi, e-United States. IHaiti ibonakala ibangela ukwesaba kwabamhlophe baseNyakatho Melika.”
UKatherine Smith ungomunye waseMelika ongesabi. Isazi somlando osemusha siza lapha kusukela ngo-1999 ukuze sicwaninge i-voodoo futhi sihambela izindawo ezimpofu sisebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi.
“Okubi kakhulu osekwenzekile wukuqolwa ngesikhathi seCarnival, kodwa lokho kungenzeka noma kuphi,” kusho uNksz Smith. Ukuthi ngincane kangakanani engihlosiwe kuyaphawuleka uma ngibonakala ngibonakala.
Kepha izisebenzi eziningi zosizo, osomaqhinga, nabanye abantu bangaphandle bahlala ngemuva kwezindonga nocingo lwekhonsathi.
Futhi ngaphandle kwabavakashi be-émigrés abavakasha besuka phesheya, ezokuvakasha sezicishe zibe khona. “Kuyakhungathekisa kakhulu,” kusho uJacqui Labrom, owayeyisithunywa sevangeli futhi uye wahlela ukuvakashela eHaiti kusukela ngo-1997.
Uthi imibhikisho yasemgwaqweni igwemeka kalula futhi ayivamisile ukuthi ibangele udlame. “Ngama-'50s kanye nama-'60s, iHaiti yafundisa iCuba, iJamaica, iDominican Republic ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ezokuvakasha…. Ukube besingenawo umshini omubi kangaka, bekungenza umehluko onjalo.”
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