Ezokuvakasha e-Antarctica zikhule kakhulu. Ngo-1985, yizinkulungwane ezimbalwa nje zabantu abavakashela le ndawo kodwa ngesizini ka-2007/2008 bangaphezu kuka-40,000 abenza okufanayo. Amaqembu amaningi akhathazekile ngemiphumela yalokhu kukhula okusheshayo maqondana nokuphepha, imvelo, isilinganiso sezokuvakasha kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsizakusebenza zezezimali zokuqapha nokuphoqelela. Banokungabaza nokuthi lokhu kukhula kungavunyelaniswa kanjani nezimiso eziyisisekelo ze-Antarctic Treaty System ATS.
I-Antarctica akuyona izwe elibusayo ngakho-ke umthetho unzima. Ngeziqondiso eziqinile namakhodi wokuziphatha, inhlangano yezambulela yabasebenza ukuvakasha e-Antarctic, i-IAATO, ikwazile ukuqeda izinkinga eziningi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzilawula akusona isiqinisekiso esiphelele somkhakha wezokuvakasha onempilo e-Antarctica.
Amalungelo ezivakashi
Isixazululo esisodwa esingaba khona yileso samalungelo ezivakashi ezithengiswayo, njengoba sekuvele kusetshenziswa kumgomo wesimo sezulu ngokuhweba ngamalungelo okuphuma kwe-CO2. Okokuqala kuzobekwa inani laminyaka yonke lezinsuku zabavakashi e-Antarctica. Ukuqinisekisa ushintsho olubushelelezi, lokhu okuphezulu kuzobekwa ngaphezulu kunenani langempela lezinsuku zezivakashi ezisetshenzisiwe. Ngokushesha nje lapho isidingo sezinsuku zeholide e-Antarctica sesiphezulu kunesiphezulu, amalungelo ezinsuku azoba nenani elithile.
Ngokunikeza amalungelo ku-ATS, imali engenayo ingasetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, ngezinjongo zokuqapha nokuphoqelela, izingqinamba ezingenamali encane okwamanje. Amalungelo ezivakashi azothengiswa endalini: athengiswa kumthengi ophakeme kunabo bonke. Lapho-ke abathengi bakhululekile ukuhweba ngamalungelo ngokuqhubekayo. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi 'isikhala' esitholakalayo ezinsukwini zezivakashi sizosetshenziselwa izindlela zokuzuza ezinenzuzo enkulu. Lolu hlelo lwamalungelo ezivakashi ezithengiswayo lungavumela izinhloso ezintathu ukuthi zifezeke: isilinganiso sezokuvakasha futhi nemiphumela yaso izokhawulelwa, umthombo omusha wezimali ofiseleka ngokushesha uzotholakala ukuqapha nokuphoqelela, kanye nokuhweba kwezokuvakasha endaweni yase-Antarctic izohlala iphilile ngokwezimali.
