Kungani ezokuvakasha ziyingxenye yenkinga ye-COVID-19?

I-COVID-19 ivele okokuqala esikrinini se-Chinese radar ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2019 futhi yaba yingxenye yezingxoxo zomhlaba wonke ekuqaleni konyaka we-2020. I-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) yamemezela ukuthi leli gciwane lingubhubhane ngoMashi 12, 2020, futhi kusukela lapho igciwane lithinte zonke izingxenye zomnotho womhlaba kubandakanya kepha kungagcini kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ezombusazwe, uhulumeni, izinhlelo zezenhlalo namasiko, ezolimo, isimo sezulu, inkolo, ezokungcebeleka, izihambi, ezokuvakasha kanye nezokuvakasha.

Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-17.2 batholakale benayo Covid-19 futhi ngaphezu kweziguli eziyizigidi eziyi-10 seziluleme; okungenani bangu-673,000 asebeshonile, ngokusho kwemibiko evela e-John Hopkins University.

 

 

Okubi nokuya ngokubi kakhulu

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli, 2020, ukuvalwa kwamabhizinisi, okuhlose ukukhawulela ukunyakaza nokusabalala kwegciwane kuthinte amaphesenti angama-81 wabasebenzi bomhlaba wonke (ILO, 2020), kanye nomthelela embonini yezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele kube nokulahleka okubikezelwe kwezigidi eziyi-100.8 imisebenzi. Indawo okulindeleke ukuthi ibone ukulahleka okukhulu okuvela ku-COVID-19 isesifundeni sase-Asia Pacific, ilahlekelwe yimisebenzi elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-63.4, kuyilapho iYurophu izothatha indawo yesibili ngobukhulu ngokulahlekelwa kwemisebenzi okulindeleke ukuthi kube yizigidi eziyi-13 (www.statista.com/statistics/1104835/coronavirus-travel-tourism-employment-loss/).

Ukufika kwabavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwehle ngamaphesenti angama-78 ekupheleni kuka-2020, nokudala ukulahlekelwa okungaphezu kwe-US $ 1.2 trillion emalini engenayo evela ezokuvakasha kanye nokunciphisa imisebenzi yezokuvakasha eyizigidi ezingu-120 okumele izikhathi eziyisikhombisa umthelela wangoSepthemba 11, kanye nokwehla okukhulu kakhulu. emlandweni (UNWTO 2020).

Umthelela uphoqelele izinguquko zamasiko - ukusuka ekuhlukaneni kwezenhlalo nokumbozwa kobuso kuya ekuvinjelweni kohambo nokuhamba, kusuka kokuvalwa komphakathi nemikhankaso yokuhlala ekhaya, kuye ngokwakho noma ekuhlukanisweni okuyimpoqo nokuhlukaniswa. Ubukhulu besixuku / beqembu bunqunyelwe futhi kukhona ukulungiswa komhlaba wonke kwezokuphepha nokuthuthwa kwendle.

Umlando

Imboni yehhotela, ezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha ayizange ivikeleke ekushintsheni kwemicimbi yomlando. Kusuka ezifweni (i-Ebola, i-SARS ne-Zika) kuya kubuphekula (9/11), nokusuka kokuzamazama komhlaba (iMexico neHaiti) kuya ekufudumaleni komhlaba (iGreenland neMaldives); kodwa-ke, i-COVID-19 yethula inselelo entsha sha kanti umthelela kungenzeka ube mkhulu futhi wesikhathi eside, ekugcineni uguqule umhlaba wonke ube yisimo esisha senhlalo nezomnotho.

Njengoba i-COVID-19 iqhuma izindlela ezintsha, iguqula amagugu nezinhlelo zomhlaba, ngasikhathi sinye, sibheke ekuwohlokeni komnotho emhlabeni wonke nasekucindezelekeni komhlaba wonke. Lesi sifo sikhulu futhi sibi kakhulu kunanoma yini eyake yenzeka phambilini kanti imboni yehhotela, yezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha ayilungele futhi ayizimisele ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi yayiyingxenye (yenkinga) yenkinga yobhadane futhi yenza konke okusemandleni ukugwema isibopho sayo, ingayinaki izingqinamba nezinselelo okungathi, ngokwethulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha, ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo, kungaholela embonini entsha nenobungcono, evimbela ukwehla komnotho.

Ukwesaba Ukuhamba

Kusukela kuma-Baby Boomers kuya kuGen Z, kusuka kubodwa kuya emindenini, ithuba lokuhamba selibekiwe ku-back-burner ngenxa YOKWESABA: ukwesaba ukuthola i-coronavirus, ukwesaba imali enganele, ukwesaba ukuvalelwa wedwa kuze kube amasonto ama-2, nokwesaba ukulahleka kwemisebenzi (noma sekuvele kudiliziwe noma kufuthwe). Ukukhathazeka okuhambisana nokuhamba kusekelwa yi-CDC, “Ukuhamba kwandisa amathuba akho okuthola nokusabalalisa i-Covid-19. Asazi noma uhlobo oluthile lokuhamba luphephe kunezinye; kodwa-ke, izikhumulo zezindiza, iziteshi zamabhasi, iziteshi zezitimela, nezindawo zokuphumula yizona zonke izindawo abahambi abangachayeka kulo igciwane emoyeni nasezindaweni eziphakeme ”(https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/travel-in-the-us.html). Ngisho noDkt. Anthony Fauci, umqondisi weNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases eNational Institutes of Health utshele abakwaMarket Watch ukuthi ukuhamba ngendiza kuyingozi njengamanje.

Ukulahlekelwa

Abanikazi bamahhotela, abanikazi bezindawo zokudlela, nabahlinzeki abasebenza ezansi emhlabeni jikelele bakhala ngokungabikho kwezivakashi, kubalwa ukulahleka kwemali engenayo, okulinganiselwa kwizigidigidi zamadola, ama-Euro, amakhilogremu, njll.

ISpain yayinethemba lokuhlenga ihlobo, kuphela ukuphonswa emsileni lapho uhulumeni wase-UK ebeka ukuvalwa okuhlukanisiwe kwamasonto amabili kubo bonke abavakashi ababuya eSpain, eyisusa njengendawo ekhangayo eBrits. Ngokomlando izivakashi zaseBrithani zinamaphesenti angama-20 azo zonke izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe eSpain. Phakathi kukaJanuwari noJuni 2020, leli lizwe lalahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angama-50 okuhlala kulo amahhotela. Njengoba ezokuvakasha zibalwa cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-12 omnotho, futhi umkhakha ulahlekelwe isilinganiso sama-Euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-5 ngesonto kusukela ngoMashi, imigoqo nezindawo zokudlela ezingama-40,000 zivaliwe unomphela nezinye ezingama-85,000 zisengozini - uma kunegagasi lesibili laleli gciwane .

Ezokuvakasha eziya e-Italy zimele amaphesenti ayi-13 e-GDP yayo kanti lo mkhakha wezomnotho wehle ngamaphesenti angama-80 - yize imingcele ivulekele ezokuvakasha kusukela ngoJuni. Izivakashi ezisuka e-Alps ziye eSicily naseSardinia azenzeli ukungabi khona kwabavakashi baphesheya kwezilwandle abangakwazi ukuthatha indawo yazo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuzoba namaphesenti angama-75-80 amaphesenti izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe e-Italy kuleli hlobo (Confcommercio). IJalimane ikhiphe iseluleko sokuvakasha kweSpain, sincoma ngokuhambela izindawo ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeCatalonia, Aragon naseNavarra. INorway iqondise ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku eziyishumi kubantu ababuya kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia kanti iFrance ikhuthaza izakhamizi zayo ukuthi zingayi eCatalonia.

Amabhishi ase-Italy awanalutho ngokuphelele njengoba izigidi zamaNtaliyane zichitha ihlobo ezindaweni zokungcebeleka zasolwandle ezidumile; kodwa-ke, amaNtaliyane awasebenzisi imali eningi njengamaMelika, amaShayina nezinye izivakashi zomhlaba wonke. Amahhotela, izindawo zokudlela kanye nezitolo ezidayisa ezitolo ezise-Amalfi Coast babone ukusakazwa kwemali abayitholayo kwehla ngamaphesenti angama-40-70.

Ezokuvakasha zaseCroatia zehle ngamaphesenti angama-50 kanti le mboni yenza amaphesenti angama-20 omnotho. Izwe lilindele ukuthi kube nezinkinga zomnotho ezimbi kakhulu selokhu lathola inkululeko ngo-1991.

Ngo-2019 iPortugal yathola izivakashi zaseBrithani eziyizigidi ezimbili ngamaphesenti angama-2 e-Algarve. Kulo nyaka, kuze kube manje, bangu-64 92,000 kuphela abaseBrits abavakashele ugu, bashiya oweta bengenawo amakhasimende, nezihlalo zasolwandle zingenamuntu. Isifunda sincike kwezokuvakasha futhi isibalo sabangasebenzi sikhule ngamaphesenti angama-231, sakhula sisuka kubantu abayi-8,000 baya kwabangu-26,000.

IGrisi, evulekele izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe kusukela ngoJuni, amaphrojekthi ukuthi ezokuvakasha zizokwehla ngamaphesenti angama-25 kuno-2019 (izivakashi eziyizigidi ezingama-33). Leli lizwe selivule imingcele yalo lokuhambisa imikhumbi kusukela ngo-Agasti 1, 2020 ngethemba lokuqalisa kabusha ukusakazwa kwemali engenayo yezokuvakasha.

Bheka / Bheka

Njengomqashi omkhulu womhlaba wonke, umsebenzi owodwa kweyi-1 uhlobene ngqo nezokuvakasha, (UNWTO 2020) kanye neqhaza elibalulekile le-GDP emazweni amaningi, ezokuvakasha ziwumgogodla wezomnotho. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi okunye ukusakazwa kwabezindaba ngalo bhubhane akuhlinzekanga ngombono wama-360 wokubaluleka kwezokuvakasha kule nkinga futhi (ngokungafanele) kugxile kwezepolitiki, ohulumeni nezinye izinkomba zomnotho (okungukuthi, ezohwebo, amabhange kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali), indiva iqiniso lokuthi ezokuvakasha zibe nesandla, futhi ziyaqhubeka nokusiza ekwandiseni leli gciwane emingceleni yomhlaba wonke.

Ukwehluleka akuyona inketho

Ngaphakathi kwemboni kubonakala kunokuvumelana okujwayelekile ukuthi ayikho indlela imboni ezobuyela ngayo kulokho eyayiyikho; kodwa-ke, kunemininingwane encane ekhonjwayo mayelana nokuthi yini engenziwa / okufanele yenziwe ukuqala kabusha imboni yehhotela, ezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha. Ngaphandle kohlelo lomdlalo - lincane ithemba ngekusasa.

Ukuvuma Ezokuvakasha Njengengxenye Yenkinga

Isakhiwo sezokuvakasha esenza futhi sisheshise nokusabalala komhlaba wonke kanye nomthelela we-COVID-19. Lesi sifo esikhona manje asiyona “into eyodwa,” siyingxenye yomkhakha wezokuvakasha. Lesi sifo sathuthuka futhi sakhula ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokufuduka emadolobheni, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ukuguquka kwemvelo, ezolimo, inkolo nobungxiwankulu.

Lesi sifo sasakazeka ngohambo (ezokuvakasha). Sihlala ezweni elixhumene lapho sihlanganyela khona ukungcola, imfucuza, isimo sezulu kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho yomhlaba wonke, kazwelonke neyesifunda, kanye namagugu nezinto eziseqhulwini zokwenza izinqumo ezithinta inqubomgomo nezepolitiki. Ezingeni lomhlaba wonke amasistimu ethu axhumene (ibhayoloji, umzimba kanye nezomnotho). Okwenzeka engxenyeni eyodwa yeplanethi ekugcineni kunomthelela ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Izinqumo ezenziwe e-USA ziyagudluka ziye eBrazil, e-Argentina futhi, ekugcineni, emhlabeni wonke.

Izimpendulo ku-COVID-19 zithonywe - hhayi ososayensi nabasebenza ngezempilo, kepha ngohulumeni, izikhungo, amabhizinisi nabantu abanezintshisekelo. Ngenxa yendlela efana nesilo kulesifo, igciwane, hhayi ukuvuma ipolitiki noma imingcele, linamathela kulabo abasondele kakhulu ngaphandle kokubheka ingcebo, ubuhlanga noma inkolo. Umphumela uba ukuthi odokotela nabahlengikazi basale belapha izimpawu zalesi sifo futhi bengakwazi ukubulala izimpande zaso.

Izonyamalala

UMongameli uDonald Trump uthe ukholwa ukuthi i-coronavirus "izonyamalala nje" futhi lo mbono ube nomthelela kwezamabhizinisi, ezemfundo, ezokukhiqiza, ezohwebo zamazwe omhlaba kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Isinqumo sokugcina ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi nemisebenzi, ukuqalisa kabusha nokubuyela esimisweni esidala sempumelelo nokukhula komnotho sikhuthazwe yizinqubomgomo nezinqubo zikahulumeni (okungukuthi, uxhaso, ukukhululeka kwentela), ngokuvuma ngokukhululekile kuzintshisekelo ezikhethekile, (okungukuthi, imikhumbi ). Okushodayo kulesi simo noma yikuphi ukucatshangelwa noma ingxoxo yemiphumela yesikhathi eside yesinqumo. Ukugxila kwezepolitiki nezamabhizinisi kugxile kwimikhawulo yokuphumula yokuvula kabusha nokuqala kabusha iminotho ngenxa yezimpilo zabantu kuhlangene nokwenqaba ukuhlola amanye amasu namasu angaholela ekuvuseleleni komnotho.

Ngenxa yokuthi imigwaqo yokuqapha yase-USA ebekwe abaphathi bangaphambilini yasuswa yisakhamuzi sase-White House njengamanje, futhi abaphathi abakuhlomele ukwethula impendulo ephumelelayo, esebenzayo noma ehlakaniphile yaleli gciwane, abantu babambe iqhaza ekuthengeni ukwethuka futhi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemikhuba eku-inthanethi (isb., ukuzijabulisa okubonakalayo, ukudla neziphuzo). Ukufika emuva kwesikhathi (kodwa kudingekile ngokuphelele) ukukhiywa phansi kukhulise ukungaqiniseki kwabathengi futhi ukwesaba kuyanda njengoba izindlela zokuphila zabathengi bendabuko, ngaphambili ezazinqunyelwe ukuthi zibalulekile enjabulweni nasekuphumeleleni, zinyamalala.

Izifundo zizama ukubikezela nokulinganisa ukuthi ezokuvakasha zizovuselelwa nini, nokuthi kuzofinyelelwa nini kumamethrikhi amadala ezokuvakasha. Ohulumeni balwela ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwezomnotho futhi babe ngabokuqala ukuvula imingcele futhi babuyise izivakashi, izimakethe zezezimali, abatshalizimali, kanye nokheshi kwemali, bathola nje ukuthi igciwane libuya nempindiselo. Imboni ayifuni izimpendulo kumaqiniso abo amanje noma esizayo; kunalokho, bazama ukuthola izimpendulo "zokuzizwa kahle" ukuze baphinde baqinisekise izingqondo zabo eziphelelwe yisikhathi, eziphelelwe yisikhathi nezingenamsebenzi namamodeli webhizinisi.

Ezokuvakasha Esikhathini Esizayo?

Lesi kungaba yisikhathi esifanele sokubuza futhi siguqule nombono wezokuvakasha futhi sihlaziye ukuthi ubukwa kanjani, wenziwa kanjani futhi uphethwe kanjani. Kungani ibhekwa njengendlela yokuphunyuka, ukuphumula nokuzihlanganisa; kwakha ubunikazi nezikhundla ezintsha; njengomvuzo; njengethuba lokuhlukana nempilo engenanjongo noma engenakho nhlobo ukwaneliseka? Kungani abantu bethatha isinqumo sokuhamba izinkulungwane zamamayela besuka ekhaya ukuze (noma baphinde bathole) umuzwa wokuthi "bajabule"? Kungani amasiko enziwa ezokuvakasha, abe “yizinto ezikhangayo” ukujabulisa izivakashi njengendlela yokuqhuba ukukhula komnotho?

Ezokuvakasha akumele zibonakale njengezindleko noma njengezinto ezingenamsebenzi futhi ezenziwa njalo. Ezokuvakasha zingukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi okucabangayo futhi kufanele zigxile ekwakheni izinsiza ezisimeme futhi zithuthukiswe ngenhloso yokuvikela imvelo nokusimama hhayi ekusetshenzisweni.

Ukungena Kwemikhakha Ezimele

Abanye ophathina embonini yezokuvakasha sebeqalile ukwamukela iqhaza labo ekwakheni ubhadane futhi babhekane nezibopho zabo, yize kugxilwe ekutholeni izixazululo zesikhashana ezinkingeni ezikhona hhayi ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi eside.

Lezi zinkampani ziphinda ziklama kabusha ezokungcebeleka kwemvelo ezisukela ezigodini zewayini ziye emisebenzini yangaphandle ngokugxila kumaqembu azimele, ngamanye noma amancane adinga ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi nokumbozwa kobuso. Abambalwa abalingani bezokuvakasha bathuthukise izinqubo zokuhlanza ezisebenzisa izindinganiso ezintsha ngokuya ngezeluleko zabeluleki bezokwelapha / izibhedlela. Amanye amabhizinisi abeka ngisho nemali yawo lapho izosiza khona - angene kwalasha ngezindwangu ezilwa namagciwane nezindawo futhi athuthukise izinhlelo zawo ze-HVAC.

Izindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, izikhumulo zezindiza kanye nezikhala zomphakathi zakha kabusha izindawo, zibenza bangaxhumani futhi / noma bethule amarobhothi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zisetshenziselwa ukubhuka, ukungena / ukuphuma, ukungena kwamagumbi, izinkokhelo zedijithali, nokuthengwa kwezinsizakalo, ezokuzijabulisa, nokubhukha kwemicimbi. Ubuchwepheshe obusha beCovid-19 buyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ubukhulu besixuku nokuphathwa emicimbini yomphakathi, ezikhumulweni zezindiza, enxanxatheleni yezitolo, eminyuziyamu nasemahhotela.

Ukubuyekezwa kwesikhathi eside kwezokuvakasha kuzodinga i-pivot kusuka ekuhlangenwe nakho okunamandla kakhulu lapho kuthinta khona ubukhulu, embonini enencazelo kanye nempahla, efaka iphunga lamakha kunenhlanzeko; inani lokuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalo nokuxhumana komuntu ngamunye kunokugxila emaqenjini; ukusetshenziswa kwamazwi “asendlini” esikhundleni sokubhonga kwezixuku.

Izinguquko kuHulumeni

Indima kahulumeni kwezokuvakasha idinga ukubuyekezwa. ECaribbean, ohulumeni baye bavumela imizila yokuhamba ngezikebhe ukungcolisa izilwandle nemifula yabo, ukucekela phansi amabhishi, nokwakha amahhotela ngaphandle kokubheka ukulondolozwa kanye nezintshisekelo zomphakathi. E-Asia, omakhelwane bathuthelwa umgwaqo omkhulu onciphisa isikhathi kusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza kuya emahhotela asenkabeni yedolobha. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, izingane zihanjiswe phambi kwezivakashi, zicela amapensela, iphepha nezincwadi ngoba umnotho wendawo awukwazi ukuxhasa imfundo yamabanga aphansi. Konke lokhu kuziphatha kwenziwa ngaphandle kwengxoxo noma imvume enolwazi evela kwizakhamizi zala mazwe.

Ukubambisana Komphakathi / Okuzimele

Ngesinye isikhathi ubhadane lwamanje luzoncipha; nokho, kukhona abanye abalindile ezimpikweni. Imboni yezokuvakasha iyaqhubeka nokwenza lula ukwanda kwalesi sifo futhi ayiyivumi ngokugcwele indima yaso.

Ukukhawulela ukuhamba kungenye yezindlela zokunqanda ukusabalala kobhadane; kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba ungadala umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle ngokuvimbela ukwabiwa kwemininingwane, izinketho zokuhlinzeka ngezokwelapha kanye neminotho elimazayo, ngokusho kukaNobhala-Jikelele we-World Health Organisation, uTedro Adhanom Ghebreyesus. UDkt Eric Toner, isazi esiphakeme e-John Hopkins Center for Health Security uthola ukuthi ohulumeni ekugcineni, “… bazama ukwenza okuthile okunenzuzo encane kakhulu kepha okulimaza ngempela. Kuboniswe kaninginingi ukuthi ukubeka imigoqo ekuhambeni akuvimbeli izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithathelwanayo. ”

Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi imboni ilungise izingqinamba futhi ilungise umonakalo, isuse okungasasebenzi ngemboni entsha, enempilo futhi enamandla. Njengoba uHillel Omdala (110 BCE) asho, “Uma kungenjalo manje, nini-ke.”

© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.

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