Umbuzo 1: Ngisho nangaphezulu kunangaphambili ukusimama kuphambili futhi kuyisizinda sakho konke ukukhuluma embonini yezokuvakasha. Zikukhuthaze kangakanani izenzo ezithathwe abadlali abakhulu - uhulumeni kanye nezinkampani ezizimele embonini yezokuvakasha? Ingabe uyaqiniseka ukuthi kungaphezu kokukhuluma nokuwashwa okuluhlaza?
UMhlonishwa. UNgqongqoshe uBartlett: Ukuzinza kufanele kuxhunywe emnyombweni wezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele kanye ne-travel ecosystem. Lokhu kudinga ukuzibophezela okwengeziwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali phakathi kwabadlali kanye nababambiqhaza embonini yezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha ukuze babhekane nezinsongo ezifana nokushoda kwezinsiza, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukucekelwa phansi kolwandle nogu, ukuguguleka kwamasiko kanye nezindleko zikagesi eziphezulu. .
Ngeshwa, imboni yezokuvakasha neyokuvakasha, ngokugcizelela kwayo ukungenisa izihambi, ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende kanye nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi olukhumbulekayo, ngokwesiko ibe yisibonelo samaphethini adlulele okusetshenziswa kwezinsiza nokusetshenziswa, okuthi, ezicini eziningi, kubukele phansi ukusimama. Kuyavunywa, phakathi kwezinye izinsiza, imboni yezokuvakasha ngokuvamile isebenzisa amanani amakhulu wamandla ukuze inikeze izivakashi zayo ukunethezeka kanye nezinsizakalo, ngokujwayelekile nezinga eliphansi lokonga amandla.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, okubalulekile embonini yezokuvakasha, kusaphethwe yimikhiqizo kawoyela okwandisa ubungozi bezwe emthelela wemvelo wokusetshenziswa kukawoyela, kanye nokuntengantenga kwentengo kawoyela, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi imboni iqhubeke nokuncintisana. Njengamanje, imboni yezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke ibhekene nesibopho samaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ayo yonke igesi engcolisa umoya (i-GHG) emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa izindiza, ezokuthutha zasolwandle nezasemhlabeni, ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwamahhotela, kanye ne-air conditioning kanye nokufudumeza.
Ngokwezinga elikhulu, phakathi kwezindawo eziningi, izinzuzo zezomnotho zezokuvakasha zihlala zigxile kancane kumabhizinisi amakhulu, isibonelo amahhotela amakhulu, abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki bempahla. Ngakho-ke kunesidingo esicacile samaqhinga nezinhlelo ezengeziwe ezikhuthaza ukuxhumana okujulile nokubamba iqhaza komnotho wasekhaya ochungechungeni lwamanani.
Ukwengeza, imvelo yasolwandle nesogwini isasengozini enkulu ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha. Izindawo eziheha abavakashi bezilokhu ziba ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekhulayo yomonakalo nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okudalwe izikhungo zezivakashi kanye nengqalasizinda esekelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukudoba ngokweqile neminye imikhuba engasimeme, ngisho neminye imisebenzi yezokuvakasha yasolwandle ilimaza imvelo yasolwandle, njengezixhobo zamakhorali ezibalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nokulawula isimo sezulu.
Kuyavunywa, kube nenqubekelaphambili ethile mayelana nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinto ezivuselelekayo, ukugaywa kabusha, ubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlakaniphile, i-digitalization kanye ne-automation kanye nokukhula kwezigaba zezokuvakasha ezisimeme njenge-ecotourism, ezokuvakasha ezempilo nokuphila kahle namasiko kanye nezokuvakasha eziyigugu.
Kodwa-ke, isivinini sokudlulela kumodeli yezokuvakasha esimeme kufanele sisheshiswe. Inselele enkulu manje ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani imodeli yokukhula kwezokuvakasha ihambisane kangcono nezinga lempilo yemiphakathi yendawo kanye nokulondolozwa kokushabalala ngokushesha kwezinhlelo zemvelo nezinsiza zemvelo. Lokhu kudinga ukuklanywa kwezinqubomgomo ezididiyelwe—ngokuhlanganyela kwezinkampani ezizimele, uhulumeni kanye nemiphakathi yasekhaya—ukuhlonza izindawo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukusimama, ukuklama kanye nokukhuthaza amasu okufeza okuhlosiwe kanye nokukwazi ukuqapha kanye nokwenza izinhlangothi ziphendule ngemiphumela.
Umbuzo 2: Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni zeminotho yezokuvakasha nemiphakathi engathuthukile kakhulu - uyisiza kanjani? Impilo yasolwandle, izixhobo zamakhorali nolwandle kusezindaweni eziningi ezisebunzimeni obukhulu - lokho kusingathwa kanjani?
UMhlonishwa. UNgqongqoshe uBartlett: usongo olukhona oluphambili olubhekene nemboni yezokuvakasha, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezindawo eziyiziqhingi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngokombono wezwe lami, i Imboni yezokuvakasha yaseJamaica izwela kakhulu isimo sezulu, futhi, njengeziqhingi eziningi zaseCaribbean, umkhiqizo wezokuvakasha waseJamaica usogwini, ugxile “elangeni, olwandle nesihlabathi.” Ngakho-ke isiqhingi sisengozini ezingozini eziningi ezidalwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okuhlanganisa ukuphakama kwezinga lolwandle kanye nezigigaba ezimbi kakhulu, okunemiphumela ewumphumela njengokuguguleka kolwandle, izikhukhula, ukungena kukasawoti emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuwohloka okuvamile kogu.
Ngokuvamile, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuyizinsongo eziphuthumayo kakhulu kwezokuvakasha emhlabeni jikelele; ezithinta zonke izilinganiso zomkhiqizo wezokuvakasha okhangayo- isihlabathi, ulwandle, ilanga, ukudla kanye nabantu. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuhlotshaniswa nakho kokubili izinsongo eziqondile nezingaqondile kulo mkhakha okuhlanganisa ukungavikeleki kokudla, ukuntuleka kwamanzi, ukushisa okukhulu, iziphepho ezinamandla, ukuguguleka kwamabhishi, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuwa kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kanye nokwanda kwezindleko zomshwalense.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyingozi enkulu kwezokuvakasha zasogwini nezasolwandle, okuwumgogodla wezifunda ze-Small Island, ezibalela ingxenye yesine yomnotho ophelele, kanye nengxenye yesihlanu yayo yonke imisebenzi e-Caribbean kuphela. Ikakhulukazi, imithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ibukela phansi impilo yemvelo yasogwini neyasolwandle, esebenza njengemithombo ebalulekile yokudla, imali engenayo, ezohwebo nemikhumbi, amaminerali, amandla, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi, ezokungcebeleka kanye nokuvakasha kwezomnotho eziqhingini.
Ngokusekelwe kumongo obaluliwe, imboni yezokuvakasha idinga ukubeka eqhulwini ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kudingeka kube nokuzibophezela okukhulu kanye nezinyathelo ezibambekayo zokuqondisa kabusha ezokuvakasha nemibono yomnotho oluhlaza noluhlaza. Lokhu kudinga ugqozi oluthuthukisiwe phakathi kwababambe iqhaza kwezokuvakasha ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lekhabhoni emkhakheni nokwenza ezokuvakasha ezisekelwe ogwini nezisolwandle zisimame; ukusekela ukuvuselelwa kwe-ecosystem kanye nokongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho osimeme wasolwandle kanye nokuhlehla ezinsongweni ezihlukahlukene eziphathelene nemvelo yasogwini neyolwandle, 'Isenzo Solwandle' siyadingeka ngokushesha njengoba impilo yasolwandle iqhubeka nokwehla ngokushesha.
Njengesu layo eliyinhloko lokwakha umnotho osimeme wasolwandle, okuyizibonelo zezomnotho ezikhuthaza ukuvikelwa okuphumelelayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo esimeme kanye nokukhiqizwa kanye nokuchuma okulinganayo ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-Ocean Panel, ehlanganisa abaholi bomhlaba abayi-16, kakade isizibekile inhloso enkulu yokuzuza okusimeme okuyi-100%. ukuphathwa kwezindawo zasolwandle ngaphansi kwegunya likazwelonke.
Sekukonke, ukuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzoncika kakhulu emizamweni yokuqaphela okwengeziwe, ngamabomu neklanywe ngokuhlanganyela ukusheshisa ukushintshela kumaphethini okukhiqiza, amandla, ukusetshenziswa nokwakha esimeme futhi avumelane nemvelo alinganisela ukubaluleka kokusimama kwemvelo kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho ezokuvakasha.
Umbuzo 3: Imiphakathi yasendaweni isizwa kanjani ukuthi ibe neqhaza elikhulu kanye nomvuzo ovela kule mboni engenisa izigidigidi zamarandi?
UMhlonishwa. UNgqongqoshe uBartlett: Ababambiqhaza bezokuvakasha kuhulumeni kanye nezinkampani ezizimele kumele bajulise ukusebenzisana ukuze bahlole amasu amasha nasungulwayo ukuze kukhuliswe futhi kwandiswe amathuba ezomnotho amakhulu angadaleka ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile ngenxa yezokuvakasha kanye nemisebenzi ehlobene nezokuvakasha. Lokhu kuzobhekana nokukhathazeka okungapheli kokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha kwehlulekile ukwakha ukuxhumana okuqinile kwezomnotho nemiphakathi yendawo kanye nabantu. Sekukonke, kubalulekile ukukhomba ngokucacile izindawo lapho kunamathuba akhona okwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla nemisebenzi embonini yezokuvakasha engahlinzekwa imiphakathi yendawo ukuze kuvalwe lesi simo sokuvuza.
Ababambiqhaza bezokuvakasha bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bakhiphe izinqubomgomo namasu ezokuvakasha zomphakathi aphelele ukuze kugqugquzelwe umkhakha wezokuvakasha ovuselelwe emiphakathini ecebisa izinga lempilo yomphakathi ngezinzuzo zezenhlalo, zamasiko, ezomnotho nezemvelo, zibe isibonelo sokuziphilisa okusimeme, futhi ziqinise izimiso zenqubomgomo kazwelonke nezintshisakalo. Lezi zinhloso kufanele zifezwe ngokuhlonzwa kwamasu ahambisana nendlela yobambiswano, ekhombisa ikhwelo lokubandakanya wonke umuntu ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ohulumeni, imiphakathi, ama-NGO kanye nezinkampani ezizimele zibambisana ngempumelelo ukuze andise izinzuzo zezomnotho zezokuvakasha emiphakathini yendawo.
Ngokuvumelana nalokhu kuphokophela, e-Jamaica i-Tourism Linkages Network yasungulwa ngo-2013 ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezingatholakala ngokuncintisana endaweni; ukuxhumanisa izinqubomgomo namasu okuqinisa ukuxhumana neminye imikhakha yezomnotho ikakhulukazi umkhakha wezokuzijabulisa, wezolimo kanye nowokukhiqiza; ukuqinisa izinzuzo ezitholakala embonini ngabahlali bendawo kanye nemiphakathi; ukukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okubanzi kwabantu bamazwe kanye nokwenza lula amathuba okuxhumana okungcono, ukwabelana ngolwazi kanye nokuxhumana kuyo yonke imikhakha.
Ngo-2016 saphinde saqala - I-National Community Tourism Portal, eye yaba ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokumaketha eliklanyelwe ukusiza amabhizinisi endawo asekelwe emphakathini ukuthi ahambisane nomncintiswano.
Lokhu ikwenze ngokuthi: ukuqwashisa umphakathi ezokuvakasha eJamaica; ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi nolubandakanyayo ngomkhiqizo wezokuvakasha womphakathi waseJamaica; ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezilula zokubhuka ezokuvakasha emphakathini; kanye nokuhlinzeka Amabhizinisi Asekelwe Emphakathini Ezokuvakasha (ama-CBTE) ngezinkonzo ze-e-marketing ezithengekayo nezingabizi kakhulu.
I-Tourism Product Development Company (TPDCo) iphinde yenze imisebenzi yokuqwashisa ngezokuvakasha futhi ihlinzeke ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe mayelana ne-ecotourism, i-Bed & Breakfast (B&B), ezokuvakasha kwezolimo, ezokuvakasha kwamagugu amasiko, kanye namaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa ezobuciko nemisebenzi yezandla.
Umbuzo 4: Umuntu ongabazayo angase aphikisane nolunye lwezinguquko ezinkulu ezidinga ukufezwa uhambo lwendiza yabagibeli ekhipha i-CO2 ukuya ezindaweni ezifana ne-Caribbean kanye namamayela okudla ekungeniseni ukudla nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ukusuka kumamayela amaningi - ingabe lokho kuyalungiswa?
UMhlonishwa. UNgqongqoshe uBartlett: Njengamanje, amafutha ezokuthutha (uphethiloli, udizili, nophethiloli wejethi) aphakathi kwemikhakha eyinhloko edla amandla kagesi emhlabeni. Akungabazeki ukuthi imboni yezokuvakasha inegalelo elikhulu emazingeni okukhishwa kwe-CO2 emhlabeni jikelele, uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bemboni. Nakuba umnotho waseCaribbean uthembele kakhulu embonini yezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha, futhi usesimeni esingesihle sokuba phakathi kweminotho yomhlaba ethinteke kakhulu ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufudumala komhlaba. Lokhu kugcizelela ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo isifunda esivame ukubhekana nakho.
Kuyibhalansi ethambile okufanele iqondiswe ngamasu. Enye indlela yokukubheka ukwamukela ukuthi izindiza zakhiwe emnothweni wezimboni, okusho ukuthi ukushintshela ekusebenziseni ugesi ngendlela efanele kumele kuqale ukwenzeka esigabeni sokuklama. Izikhungo neziphathimandla zezifunda nezamazwe ngamazwe zezokuvakasha kumele zisebenzise zonke izinkundla ezikhona ukuze zigcizelele ukubaluleka kokuzibophezela kwemboni yokukhiqiza izindiza ekwakhiweni okuwonga ugesi.
Singase futhi sicabange ukuthi singasethula kanjani unswinyo olunengqondo nemiklomelo yezinkampani zezindiza ngokusekelwe ekuzibophezeleni kwazo ezintweni ezihlosiwe/ezihlosweni ezidizayinelwe ukukhuthaza ukusimama kwemvelo. Mayelana nokuthembela ngokweqile kokudla namathuluzi asuka ezimakethe ezikude, umgomo ngokusobala uwukuba okuningi kwalokhu kufakwa kutholwe ngokuqondile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokufika nokusuka, esikhundleni sokusuka ezimakethe ezimbalwa ezikhethiwe. Futhi, lokhu kufanele kube yinto eholwa yimboni ngokubonisana nababambe iqhaza ababalulekile bangaphandle.
