Umlando Wehhotela laseFisher Island

IFisher Island iseMiami-Dade County, eFlorida, etholakala esiqhingini esivimba igama elifanayo. Kusukela ngo-2015, iFisher Island yayinemali engenayo ephezulu kunayo yonke indawo e-United States. I-CDP ibinemindeni engama-218 kuphela kanye nenani labantu abangama-467.

Iqanjwe ngezingxenye zezimoto iphayona nomakhi wezakhiwo zasolwandle uCarl G. Fisher, owake waba ngumnikazi wazo, I-Fisher Island ngamamayela amathathu ukusuka ogwini lwezwekazi laseNingizimu Florida. Awukho umgwaqo noma umgwaqo oxhumanisa nesiqhingi, otholakala ngesikebhe sangasese, i-helicopter, noma isikebhe. Kwake kwaba yikhaya lomndeni owodwa esiqhingini samaVanderbilts, futhi kamuva nabanye abayizigidi, lathengiselwa intuthuko ngawo-1960. Isakhiwo sasihlala singenamuntu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ngaphambi kokuba kuqale intuthuko ukuze kusetshenziswe imindeni eminingi kakhulu.

IFisher Island yehlukaniswa nesiqhingi esivimbelayo esaba yiMiami Beach ngo-1905, ngenkathi uHulumeni Cut edonswa emaphethelweni aseningizimu yesiqhingi ukwenza umzila wokuthumela usuka eMiami uya olwandle i-Atlantic. Ukwakhiwa kwesiQhingi iFisher kwaqala ngonyaka we-1919 lapho uCarl G. Fisher, umakhi wezomhlaba, ethenga indawo kumqambi wezakhiwo ezimnyama uDana A. Dorsey, usozigidi wokuqala wase-Florida waseMelika. Ngo-1925, uWilliam Vanderbilt II wathengisa isikebhe sikanokusho kuFisher ukuze abe ngumnikazi wesiqhingi.

Naphezu kokufezeka okumangazayo kukaFisher, noma kunjalo, alukho ulwandle, umgwaqo omkhulu, awekho amahhotela, futhi akukho mkhondo womjaho obizwa ngoCarl Graham Fisher. I-Fisher Island kuphela enegama lakhe.

Iningi lezisebenzi zabasebenzi bakaFisher kwakungabantu abaMnyama abavela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu, eziqhamuka eBahamas nakwezinye iziqhingi zaseCaribbean. Isikhungo somphakathi omnyama waseSouth Florida kwakuyiColoured Town eyadalwa ngonyaka we-1896 enyakatho ntshonalanga neMiami. Abamnyama bancishwa izindlu ezilinganayo, amathuba amabhizinisi, amalungelo okuvota kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamabhishi. Kodwa omunye umuntu omnyama owayesebenza njengombazi ku-East Coast Railroad yaseFlorida wasibona isidingo sokunikeza abasebenzi abamnyama izindlu. UDana Albert Dorsey wayeyindodana yezigqila zangaphambili imfundo yazo emisiwe yama ebangeni lesine. Ngemuva kokuthuthela eMiami, uDorsey wenza umsebenzi wokulima ngamaloli kepha kungekudala waqala ukutshala imali ezithengiswayo. Wathenga inkatho ngama- $ 25 lilinye eColoured Town futhi wakha indlu eyodwa yokuqasha iphasela ngalinye. Wakha izindlu eziningi ezazibizwa ngokuthi izibhamu futhi waziqashisela ngazo, kodwa akazange azidayise.

Ngokusho kwendodakazi yakhe uDana Dorsey Chapman, kwinhlolokhono yango-1990, ukubhala okuhle kukababa wakhe kwaba ngumkhiqizo wemfundo yakhe esemncane eFreedman's Bureau ngesikhathi seReconstruction. Ibhizinisi likaDorsey lakhula laze lafika enyakatho naseFort Lauderdale. Unikele ngomhlaba ezikoleni zomphakathi iDade County lapho kwakhiwa khona iDorsey High School ngo-1936 eLiberty City. Ngo-1970, inhloso yayo yaguqulwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu abadala emphakathini ngokuba yi-DA Dorsey Educational Centre. E-Overtown (eyayiyiKhaladi Town), iDorsey Memorial Library eyavulwa ngo-Agasti 13, 1941, njengoba yakhiwe emhlabeni awunikela ngaphambi nje kokushona kwakhe ngo-1940. Leso sakhiwo salungiswa futhi sabuyiselwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukamfowabo ongasekho, uLeonard Turkel, umhlinzeki wezinsizakalo waseMiami nosomabhizinisi. Ihhotela lokuqala eliphethwe ngabantu abamnyama eFlorida kwakuyiDorsey Hotel e-Overtown. Ihhotela lifake izikhangiso emaphephandabeni abamnyama nabamhlophe futhi belithuthukiswa njalo nguDorsey, kufaka phakathi ukufaka amanzi ashisayo nabandayo. UMarvin Dunn encwadini yakhe ethi, Black Miami in the Twentieth Century ubika ukuthi,

Indlu kaDorsey yayihlala igcwele izivakashi ezibalulekile zasebusuku. Abanye babosozigidi abamhlophe abavakashile bamangazwa okwenziwe nguDorsey, bakuthola ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Abanye baze baya kuye bezofuna usizo lwezezimali. Ngokusho kwendodakazi yakhe, ngesikhathi seDepression, uDorsey waboleka uWilliam M. Burdine imali ukuze agcine isitolo sakhe sivuliwe. Ngenkathi uDorsey eshona ngo-1940 amafulegi ehliselwa kwabasebenza isigamu kulo lonke elaseMiami.

Ngo-1918, uDorsey wathenga isiqhingi esingamahektare angama-216 esisikiwe engxenyeni yaseMiami ngo-1905 ngenkathi uhulumeni ekhipha umzila wolwandle eBiscayne Bay. Inhloso yakhe kwakungukwenzela abantu abamnyama indawo yokuvakashela olwandle ngoba benqatshelwe ukusebenzisa wonke amanye amabhishi omphakathi. Ngenkathi imizamo yakhe iphikiswa ubandlululo olwalusobala ngaleso sikhathi, wathengisa lesi siqhingi ngo-1919 kuCarl Graham Fisher owasibiza ngokuthi yiFisher Island. Manje kungenye yezindawo ezicebile kakhulu eSouth Florida.

Ngemuva kokushona kukaVanderbilt ngo-1944, ubunikazi besiqhingi badlulela kwindlalifa yase-US Steel u-Edward Moore. UMorell washona ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, kanti uGar Wood, umsunguli wezigidi wempahla yokwakha ama-hydraulic, wayithenga. UWood, umthandi wesikebhe esinejubane, ugcine lesi siqhingi njengendawo yokuhlehla komndeni owodwa. Ngo-1963, uWood wathengisela iqembu lentuthuko elalibandakanya usozigidi waseKey Biscayne uBebe Rebozo, ongowokuzalwa eMiami noSenator wase-United States uGeorge Smathers nowabe eyiPhini likaMongameli waseMelika uRichard Nixon, owayethembise ukushiya ipolitiki. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuba ngumongameli kusukela ngo-1968-1973, nangesikhathi sehlazo laseWatergate, uNixon wagcina ikhaya eKey Biscayne eseduzane eyaziwa ngokuthi yi "Key Biscayne Whitehouse" eyayiyindawo yokuhlala eyayihlala iSenator Smathers futhi eyayiseduze naseRebozo, kodwa akekho noyedwa kulaba abathathu. wake wahlala eFisher Island.

Ngemuva kweminyaka yezimpi zomthetho nezinguquko kubunikazi, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo esiqhingini ekugcineni kwaqalwa ngawo-1980, ngokwakhiwa okuhambisana nezindlu zokuqala zaseSpain zango-1920. Yize singesesiqhingi somndeni owodwa, iFisher Island isalokhu ingafinyeleleki emphakathini nakubantu abangamenyiwe futhi ikhethekile ngezindinganiso zesimanje njengasezinsukwini zaseVanderbilts, ihlinzeka ngokukhosela okufanayo nokuhlehla kubahlali bayo abacebile. Lesi siqhingi siqukethe izindlu ezinkulu, ihhotela, amafulethi amaningana, i-Observatory kanye ne-marina yangasese. UBoris Becker, u-Oprah Winfrey, noMel Brooks bangabanye bosaziwayo abanemizi kulesi siqhingi.

IFisher Island Club yakhiwe ngamahektare angama-216 nezindawo zokuhlala ezingaba ngu-800 ezimele amazwe angaphezu kwama-40. Itholakala kuphela ngesikebhe noma ngesikebhe esizimele, iFisher Island ibalwa ngokungafani njengenye yamakhodi we-zip acebe kakhulu e-US Iklabhu lobulungu elizimele kuphela lineBlack Club elinelinye lamabhishi azimele wodwa ezweni; amakamelo ayi-15 wonke amahhotela okunethezeka; inkambo yegalofu engu-9-hole, eyathola imiklomelo ye-PB Dye; Izinkantolo eziyi-17 zethenisi eziqukethe zonke izindawo ezine ze- “Grand Slam” kanye nezinkantolo ezine ze-pickleball, ama-marinas amabili ajulile; izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokudlela ezingajwayelekile nezisemthethweni; i-spa yesevisi egcwele, i-salon kanye nesikhungo sokuqina; iVanderbilt Theatre; i-aviary enezinyoni ezingaphezulu kweshumi nambili; nendawo yokubuka izinkanyezi.

I-Fisher Island Club Hotel & Resort, eyilungu le-Leading Hotels of the World, iyisakhiwo se-boutique esakhiwe iqoqo lamakotishi omlando ayi-15 aqokwe ngomusa futhi acatshangelwe kabusha, ama-villas nezindawo zokuhlala izivakashi ezizungeze i-limestone ne-marble Vanderbilt Mansion - izinyathelo nje ezisuka ebhishi, echibini, e-spa, ezindaweni zokudlela nase-marina. Ngo-Ephreli 2018, iBloomberg ibike ukuthi imali engenayo yesilinganiso seFisher Island yayingu- $ 2.5 million ngo-2015, okwenza i-zip code yaseFisher Island icebe kakhulu e-United States.

UStanley Turkel yaqokwa njenge-2014 kanye ne-2015 Historian of the Year yi-Historic Hotels of America, uhlelo olusemthethweni lweNational Trust for Historic Preservation. UTurkel ungumeluleki wehhotela oshicilelwa kakhulu e-United States. Usebenzisa umkhuba wakhe wokubonisana nehhotela osebenza njengofakazi oyingcweti ezimweni ezihlobene namahhotela, unikeza ukuphathwa kwempahla nokubonisana ngamahhotela ngokuthenga imali. Uqinisekiswe njenge-Master Hotel Supplier Emeritus yi-Educational Institute ye-American Hotel and Lodging Association. [i-imeyili ivikelwe] 917-628-8549

Incwadi yakhe entsha ethi "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" isanda kushicilelwa.

Ezinye Izincwadi Ezishicilelwe Zehhotela:

• Abathengisi Abakhulu BaseMelika: Amaphayona Emboni Yehhotela (2009)
• Yakhelwe Ekugcineni: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + eNew York (ngo-2011)
• Yakhelwe Ekugcineni: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + Aneminyaka Emidala Empumalanga YeMississippi (2013)
• Ihhotela Mavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt, u-Oscar waseWaldorf (2014)
• IGreat American Hoteliers Volume 2: Amaphayona Emboni Yehhotela (2016)
• Yakhelwe Ekugcineni: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + Aneminyaka Emidala ENtshonalanga yeMississippi (2017)
• Ihhotela Mavens Umqulu 2: UHenry Morrison Flagler, uHenry Bradley Plant, uCarl Graham Fisher (2018)
• IGreat American Hotel Architects Umqulu I (2019)
• Ihhotela Mavens: Umqulu 3: UBob noLarry Tisch, uRalph Hitz, uCesar Ritz, uCret Strand

Zonke lezi zincwadi zinga-odwa kwa-AuthorHouse ngokuvakashela www.stanleyturkel.com nokuchofoza isihloko sencwadi.