Ngenkathi izindiza zase-US zehla futhi zisebenzisa izinsiza, inkampani eyodwa yenkampani inikeza abagibeli bayo izihlalo zesikhumba, imilenze eyanele nokudla kwamahhala. Kodwa abahamba ngamabhanoyi njalo abalifuni ithikithi lalokho okungase kube “inkampani yezindiza” ekhula ngokushesha esebenzela eMelika Ephakathi.
Le nkampani yenethiwekhi iphethwe yi-US Immigration and Customs Enforcement, i-ejensi yombuso enesibopho sokuthola nokuxosha abokufika abangenazo izincwadi. Ukuvinjelwa kokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe ngokungemthetho sekuholele ekwandeni kokudingiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwenkampani yezindiza i-de facto ukuthumela abadingisiwe emakhaya.
Isevisi yomoya, ebizwa ngokuthi Ukubuyisela kabusha ngabalawuli bethrafikhi yomoya, yaziwa nje ngokuthi i-ICE Air kubasebenzi besikhungo. Izindiza zayo zinezindawo zokuphumuza ikhanda ezibhalwe igama le-ICE kanye nophawu. Isevisi yasendizeni inesizotha.
"Kwabaningi balaba bokufika, kube uhambo olude oluya e-US," kusho uMichael J. Pitts, umphathi wemisebenzi yezindiza zokuxoshwa nokususwa e-ICE. “Lokhu kuzoba umbono wokugcina abanawo nge-United States. Sifuna ukunikeza isevisi enhle.”
UPitts, owayengumshayeli wezindiza wezempi, uthe i-ICE Air isebenza njengenkampani ethwala imali, endizela abagibeli beya emadolobheni amakhulu lapho bexhuma khona ezindizeni zamazwe ngamazwe.
Kepha lawo madolobha asezintabeni - anjengeMesa, Ariz., kanye ne-Alexandria, La., aseduze nezindawo zokuvalelwa kwabokufika ngokungemthetho - awacacile. Futhi izindawo zokugcina ziseLatin America, okuhlanganisa izindiza ezifika kwezintathu nsuku zonke eziya eGuatemala City nezimbili eziya eTegucigalpa, eHonduras.
UPitts usanda kwethula insizakalo ePhilippines, Indonesia naseCambodia.
Sekukonke, uhulumeni wase-US udingisa abantu emazweni angaphezu kuka-190. Ngaphandle kweMexico, i-ICE yandizela ekhaya abafuduki abangekho emthethweni abangu-76,102 ngonyaka wezimali ophele ngoSepthemba 30, isuka ku-72,187 ngonyaka odlule kanye ne-50,222 eminyakeni emibili edlule.
Okubizwa ngokuthi 'abagibeli abangeyona imali'
Abaxhasi be-ICE Air yilokho imboni yezindiza ezibiza ngokuthi “abagibeli abangeyona imali engenayo,” njengoba iWashington ibeka umthethosivivinywa ku-$620 umuntu ngokwesilinganiso ngendiza eya indlela eyodwa egodukayo. Manje le nhlangano indiza izindiza ezingu-10, okuphindwe kabili kunangonyaka odlule, okuhlanganisa nezindiza eziqashiwe nezikahulumeni.
Kusukela e-Kansas City, ithimba lika-Pitts lixhumanisa namahhovisi enkundla ye-ICE angama-24 futhi liqaphe zonke izindiza. Ekuseni kwakamuva, abasebenzi balandelele izindiza eziyisikhombisa ze-ICE Air eziya e-Central America kumephu yodonga lwe-elekthronikhi. Abahleli abathathu basebenzise amafoni futhi bathumela ama-imeyili ngokuphithizela ukuze bafake abantu bokufika ezindizeni ezizayo.
"Sinezifiki ezingama-30 zase-El Salvador ezilungele ukususwa," kusho isikhulu endaweni eboshwe e-Arizona ngocingo. UPatty Ridley uhlole uhlu lwakhe futhi waqinisekisa izihlalo endizeni ehlelelwe ukusuka eMesa, e-Ariz., Ilibangise eSan Salvador emasontweni amabili kamuva.
Omunye umhleli, u-Dawnesa Williams, owake wasebenza njenge-ejenti yezokuvakasha yebhizinisi, waxhumanisa uhambo lomfuduki ongekho emthethweni ovela e-Bakersfield, e-Calif.
Njengabathwali abajwayelekile, i-ICE iyazi ukuthi ithola inqwaba yemali uma ingagcwalisa zonke izihlalo, ngakho ayihleli noma iyiphi indiza kuze kube yilapho inenqwaba yabadingiswayo.
"Senza umzamo oqinile wokukhipha imali ngokweqile," kusho uPitts.
Kwesinye isikhathi abagibeli bayagingqika, uthe, "ukuze kuvuleke indawo yamacala abalulekile." Labo kungase kube izigebengu ezilahlwe yicala ezifunwa izwe lakubo noma abantu abafuna ukubuyela ekhaya ngenxa yesimo esiphuthumayo somndeni.
Ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa osukwini olusanda kwedlula, umphathi uRosemarie Williams waqoqa amalungu angu-13 - abasebenzi bezokuvikela abangahlomile abaphinda kabili njengabasebenzi basendizeni - esikhumulweni sezindiza esivamile ukuze abatshele nge-"RPN 742," ehlelelwe ukuhamba ngo-9 ekuseni esuka eLaredo, eTexas, ukuya. Idolobha laseGuatemala.
Kwabadingisiwe abangu-128 endizeni, abayisithupha ngabesifazane kanti abathathu bebeboshwe ozankosi.
I-swanky Boeing 737-800, eqashwe kwa-Miami Air International, yayinezihlalo zesikhumba ezinsundu ezingu-172 kanye nokucushwa kwesigaba esisodwa. U-Thomas Hall ongu-co-pilot uvolontiye ukuthi le nkampani ijwayele ukundiza osondonzima, njengoMongameli wangaphambili uClinton kanye noMongameli uGeorge W. Bush ngenkathi bekhankasa.
I-Miami Air ngeke ixoxe ngamakhasimende ayo athile, kodwa isizindalwazi sayo sithinta “inkonzo engenakuqhathaniswa” yezinkampani, amaqembu ezemidlalo kanye nabangenele ukhetho lwezombusazwe “abasithembayo ukuthi sizobayisa lapho bedinga ukuya khona, lapho bedinga ukuba khona.”
“Lena ngenye yezindiza zethu ezintsha,” kusho uHall.
'Qaphela isinyathelo sakho. Ngikufisela inhlanhla'
Ngehora lesi-8 ekuseni amabhasi amabili namaveni amabili abegcwele abokufika ame eduze kwendiza. Umenzeli we-ICE u-Roland Pastramo ugibele imoto ngayinye, ebambe ibhodi lokunamathisela elinamagama abagibeli.
“Sanibona,” esho kakhulu ngeSpanishi, futhi abadingiswa babuyisa ukubingelela. “Isikhathi sakho sokundiza uya eGuatemala City kuzoba amahora angu-2.5 … . Qaphela isinyathelo sakho. Ngikufisela inhlanhla."
Umgibeli ngamunye unelungelo lomthwalo ongamakhilogremu angu-40, obhalwe ngokucophelela. Ithegi esesikhwameni esikhulu esimnyama esilayishwe endizeni eya e-Guatemala iveze okuqukethwe okulandelayo: i-microwave, amathoyizi, i-VCR kanye nesaha likagesi.
“Asibakhokhisi ngokuletha okwengeziwe ngoba abagibeli abaningi banopondo abambalwa kuphela egameni labo,” kusho uPat Reilly, okhulumela i-ICE. Iningi labantu elizama ukunyonyoba liye e-US liphatha ubhaka kuphela.
Ngesikhathi onogada belayisha impahla yabokufika endizeni, abanye baqhulula abagibeli, abehla ngamunye ngamunye ebhasini bethwele izandla ekhanda. Ngemva kokumbambatha umzimba, ama-agent ahlola izicathulo zabagibeli, abheka imilomo yabo, akhulula izingalo futhi azithumela endizeni.
Kwakuyindiza yokuqala kwabaningi babadingiswa. Izinqubo zokuphepha zivele kuvidiyo ngeSpanishi; kwakungekho movie.
Ummeli wezokuphepha uVictoria Taylor, ofunda iSpanishi, wakhuthaza abagibeli ukuba bancikise izihlalo zabo “ukuze bathole ukunethezeka okwengeziwe.” Umhlengikazi wasendizeni (kuhlale kukhona oyedwa ogibele) unikeze labo ababeyidinga imithi, ngokuvumelana neziqondiso ezivela ezikhungweni zokuboshwa.
Maphakathi nendiza, abezokuphepha banikeze amabhokisi amabhokisi: isemishi le-bologna, amashiphu amazambane, ijusi yewolintshi nesaka lezaqathi.
Lapho ebuzwa ngekhwalithi yokudla, umgibeli uVeronica Garcia waphatheka kabi wanikina ikhanda. Omunye umgibeli, u-Judy Novoa, wadla emaphethelweni esemishi wabe esenquma, “Kulungile.”
Abagibeli, abebehleli ngokuthula noma balale isithongwana, bathi bafike e-US benethemba lokusebenza eMaryland, Massachusetts naseMississippi, phakathi kwezinye izindawo.
U-Garcia, oyikhasimende eliphindayo, uthe ubesenehora elilodwa ngaphandle kwase-Houston ngesikhathi kuvinjwa iloli lakhe.
UNovoa, 20, uthe uboshwe esitimeleni eduze kwaseSan Antonio.
“Ngangizimisele ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ohloniphekile,” echaza, echaza ukuthi wayekhokhe u-$5,000 ukuze ashushumbiswe esuka eGuatemala ayiswe e-US.
Idlanzana labagibeli abebesesikebheni beliboshiwe ngesikhathi lizama ukuphuma e-US ngokuthanda kwabo.
Ngemva kokwakha indlu edolobhaneni lakubo ngamadola athunyelwe ekhaya esuka eFlorida phakathi neminyaka emithathu, isisebenzi sasefekthri ye-pellet uSaul Benjamin sanquma ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sokubuyela eGuatemala. “Ngangifuna ukuba nomndeni wami,” kusho ubaba wezingane ezimbili.
Emngceleni we-US-Mexico, wayehlele ukugibela ibhasi eliya eGuatemala. Kodwa uthe iziphathimandla zezokufika zaseMexico zifuna inkokhelo engu-$500 esikhundleni sepasi elidingekayo.
Wayengakwazi ukukhokha isifumbathiso, ngakho uBenjamin wathi ama-ejenti aseMexico amnikele ku-US Border Patrol. Uthe ubhajwe isikhathi esingangenyanga esitokisini.
“Ukube ngazixosha njengoba bengihlelile, ngabe kade ngisekhaya emasontweni edlule,” usho kanje.
Ukubuyela ekhaya kusengaba mnandi, naphezu kwezimo. Lapho indiza ifika eGuatemala, abagibeli abaningi bashaya ihlombe. Lapho bephuma endizeni, abanye benza uphawu lwesiphambano noma baqabula umhlabathi.
Isikhulu somnyango wezangaphandle waseGuatemalan sathi, “Siyanamukela ekhaya,” futhi sazisa abafikayo ukuthi banokufinyelela kwamahhala ocingweni, isevisi yokushintsha imali namaveni esiteshini esikhulu samabhasi. "Uma usebenzise igama elehlukile e-US, sicela usinikeze igama lakho langempela," kusho lesi sikhulu sitshela isixuku. “Ayikho inkinga.”
