OwayenguMongameli wase-Seychelles wethula inkulumo yokugubha iminyaka engama-20 kuzwelonke

Namuhla iSeychelles igubha iminyaka engama-20 yethulwa umthethosisekelo wesi-3 weRiphabhulikhi owasungulwa ngoJuni 29, 1976 lapho uSir Mancham enguMongameli wawo owasungula. Ngokufanelekile, uSir Mancham wethula inkulumo yosuku emcimbini wokuvulwa kweNkantolo Ephakeme yaseSeychelles entsha kanye nokubungaza iminyaka yezwe.

Ikheli likaSir James R. Mancham

Mnu. Sihlalo, amaJaji ahloniphekile abasihloniphayo ngokuba khona kwabo namuhla, oNgqogqoshe, amaLungu oPhiko Lwezobunxusa, Amalungu eSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke, abangani bami abafundile, manene namanenekazi:

Namuhla ngicelwe ukuthi ngikhulume ngeqhaza lezobulungiswa ekuphathweni komthethosisekelo kusukela ngo-1993 kuya ku-2013 futhi ngenze ukulinganisa kokusebenza kwamajaji kanye nesibikezelo sekusasa. Ngokungangabazeki asikwazi ukuhlola intuthuko yeminyaka engu-20 edlule ngaphambi kokuba sicabangele ukuthi sasinjani isimo ngaphambili.
Ngempela iSeychelles phakathi nesikhathi esifushane sokuba khona kwayo njengesizwe esizimele yazi imithetho-sisekelo emi-3 ehlukene. Kepha ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwemithethosisekelo emi-3 iSeychelles yayibuswa njengeKoloni yaseBrithani. Ngikholelwa ukuthi kufanelekile ukuhlaziya umlando wobulungiswa eSeychelles ukwazi ukuthi isimo sasinjani ngezikhathi zamakholoni. Ubulungiswa benziwa kanjani ngalezo zinsuku zokungakhathalelwa zasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60s - kunjalo, phakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho ngemva kokubizelwa esikhungweni somphakathi ohloniphekile weThempeli Eliphakathi eLondon ngabuyela eSeychelles ukuze ngiyosebenza njengommeli futhi. ummeli phambi kwezimantshi kanye nenkantolo ephakeme yaseSeychelles. Ubulungiswa bebuphathwa kanjani ngaphansi kwesundu likakhukhunathi ngalezo zinsuku zokungakhathali zasekuqaleni kwawo-60s?

Mnu. Sihlalo, izihambeli ezihloniphekile, ngo-1983 umshicileli waseBrithani uMethuen waseLondon washicilela uhlelo lokuqala lwencwadi yami enesihloko esithi “Paradise Raped.” Mhlawumbe namuhla kufanele ngiboleke imigqa engiyibhalile mayelana nezigigaba ezithile engadlula kuzo ngaleso sikhathi. Ngicela ukucaphuna encwadini.

Iphathi yokwamukela ekhaya bekuyindaba yaseSeychelles. Kwaqhubeka njalo. Ngesinye isikhathi kwabonakala sengathi sonke isiqhingi sase sifikile. Kwaba sebusuku kakhulu futhi kwaba ummeli osemncane owayekhathele owayezethule phambi kweJaji Eliyinhloko uSir Nicholas Patrick France Bonnetard, QC, ukuthi athathe indawo yakhe e-Seychelles Bar. Ngewigi yami yaseLondon kanye nesitifiketi sami ngamiswa kahle ukuze ngibe yilungu elihlonishwayo lomphakathi. Uma, njengoba ubaba asikisela, ngangingase ngikhohlwe ezombangazwe, khona-ke ukuphila kwami ​​okulondekile nokunethezekile kwakuqinisekisiwe ngoba umkhuba womthetho wawunenzuzo enkulu. Bebungekho ubucwepheshe obuhlukile bommeli kanye nommeli futhi siyidlanzana nje lethu ukumela inhlobonhlobo yamakhasimende ekuhlanganeni kwawo nomthetho. Futhi babengekho abenzeli bezindlu, futhi thina bameli sasivame ukugcwalisa igebe, hhayi ngokuphelele ngokwezimiso zokuziphatha kodwa ngokuvamile ngendlela ezuzisa kakhulu.

Lapho esebenza njenge-ejenti yezindlu kumadili ezindlu, ummeli wazenza “umeluleki wezomthetho” futhi ngokuvamile wayethola amaphesenti angu-5 yenani okwakuvunyelwene ngalo kanye namaphesenti angu-50 anoma iyiphi imali eyengeziwe akwazi ukuyithola. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isikhumulo sezindiza nezokuvakasha kuthumele amanani omhlaba enyuka, futhi ukuhlelwa kwedolobha kwenza isithunzi sako endaweni yesigameko, bekunemakethe esebenzayo yezindlu ezithengiswayo ehlinzekwa ukudayiswa ngamalungu emindeni yaseSeychellois ebeka umhlaba efisa ukuthuthela, ngokuvamile iye e-Australia. Isivumelwano esinjalo sithinta uCousine, isiqhingi esincane esihle, okuthi, nomakhelwane waso uMzala, kamuva okuyindawo yezinyoni, esiseduze nePraslin, cishe amakhilomitha angamashumi amabili ukusuka eVictoria.

Insizwa yase-Italy ibiphila ukuphila okujabulisayo lapho nowesifazane waseSeychellois, kodwa i-idyll iye yaphazanyiswa ukubuya komyeni wale ntokazi, umthengisi wamanzi. Umyeni wafuna inhlawulo yokuziphatha kuye ngokuyenga umkakhe futhi lo mNtaliyane wazinza ngaphandle kwenkantolo, wanikeza lesi sikebhe, esasibiza u-£5,000. Wabuyela eRoma edabukile lapho umyeni ojabulayo ethengisa umkhumbi futhi waya e-Australia nalenkosikazi engenalukholo. Ngacabanga ukuthi ngibone okokugcina ku-Italy, kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha wangishayela ucingo ethi ufuna ukuthenga uMzala. Umnikazi wayezimisele ukudayisa ngama-rupees angu-100,000 135,000 futhi wavumelana nami ngemibandela evamile. Ngabuyela emuva ngithi umNtaliyane angaba nesiqhingi ngama-rupees angu-XNUMX futhi le nsizwa yavuma.

Njengoba ngangilibangise eLondon ngahlela ukumisa eRome ukuze nginikeze amatayitela.

Kwakuyindoda eshintshile eyangihlangabeza esikhumulweni sezindiza sikaLeonardo da Vinci. Egqoke isitayela esivamile se-dolce vita, namabhuzu e-Gucci nothayi u-Valentino, wangiyisa edolobheni ngeMaserati yakhe ehlakaniphile, futhi endleleni wachaza ukuthi wayeye eSeychelles ekuqaleni ukuyoncelisa inhliziyo ephukile ngemva kokuxabana nokwehlukana kwakhe. unkosikazi. Selokhu abuyela eRoma wayesangene ngokuhlanya othandweni ne-blonde yase-Italy futhi wayefuna ukumshada futhi ambuyisele ku-Cousine ngokushesha nje lapho esekwazi ukuhlela isehlukaniso sakhe neVatican.

Imali yayingeyona inkinga. Uyise wayengumthengisi wezitembu ocebile futhi lapho ngivakashela amahhovisi akhe ngaboniswa isitembu esingabiza u-£15,000. Kwangenza ngacabanga ukuthi izwe elihlanyayo kangakanani esiphila kulo. Kwakukhona isiqephu sephepha eliphrintiwe elibiza cishe kabili inani lensizwa eyayilikhokhe ngamahektare ayikhulu obuhle bemvelo obuyingqayizivele, obungonakalisiwe.

Kodwa intengo yakhuphuka kamuva. UmNtaliyane wathengisa isiqhingi u-£50,000 eqenjini lezimboni zaseJalimane, okwathi ngaphambi nje kokuketula umbuso wenqaba u-£400,000 ngakho.

Umsebenzi wasenkantolo wawunzima ngendlela eyodwa - sasivela njalo phambi kwejaji noma izimantshi ezifanayo - kodwa sishukumisa abanye, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zamacala kanye nesixuku esikhulu sezibukeli ezithakazelayo noma ezingenzi lutho ezazigcwala enkantolo usuku nosuku futhi kamuva zasebenzisa lokho ezazinakho. ezwakale futhi evame ukungaqondwa ukuze kubhebhethekise imililo yenhlebo kuzo zonke iziqhingi. Njengoba izinga lokushisa langeminyaka yawo-XNUMX nomswakama lihambisana, sagubha izingubo zethu ezimnyama namawigi amhlophe ukuze siphakamise isithunzi sobulungisa.

Amacala amaningi ayengama-larceny, amancane futhi amakhulu. Ngolunye usuku ekuseni kwafika owesifazane owashayo engicela ukuba ngimele umyeni wakhe, owayebekwe icala lokweba isisefo somthengisi ongumShayina. Isisefo sasiqukethe ama-rupees angu-30,000.

“Ngizokukhokhela noma yini,” kusho yena, “uma ungamkhipha kulolu bishi.” Ukufakazela iphuzu lakhe wafaka isandla sakhe phansi ngaphambili kwengubo yakhe futhi wakhipha inqwaba yamanothi ayengaminyanisa ihhashi esifubeni esikhulu. Ngibale ama-rupees angu-5,000. Kwakungangabazeki ukuthi imali yayivelaphi. Umyeni wayengasebenzi futhi wayehola imali encane. Nokho, ngalithatha icala, ngafaka ephaketheni imali futhi ngaquliswa ngokusemandleni. Angiphunelelanga. Iklayenti lami lathola iminyaka emithathu, okwakungekubi njengoba imali ayizange itholakale.

Kwelinye icala lobugebengu uMnumzane uJoseph, owayenezihlahla zesinamoni ezikwazi ukukhiqiza cishe ithani lamagxolo ngonyaka, utholwe enamathani angamashumi amabili nanhlanu awo, epakishwe ezikhwameni ezinezibhamu futhi embozwe ngamahlamvu kakhukhunathi. Ube esethweswa icala lokweba noma lokwamukela impahla, eyabe inenani elikhulu ngoba iMpi YaseVietnam yayimise lowo mthombo futhi isinamoni iyisithako esibalulekile se-Coca kanye ne-Pepsi Cola.

Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambili indoda yayigwetshwe izinyanga eziyisithupha ejele ngecala elifanayo, futhi uMnumzane Joseph wayeyindoda ekhathazeke kakhulu.

“Mnumzane,” esho, enginikeza incwadi yokonga entsha sha yaseBarclays Bank, “ngizokhokha noma yiziphi izimali ozicelayo.”

Ngabuka incwadi. UMnu. Joseph wayevule i-akhawunti ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambili efake idiphozithi engu-Rs50,000, ngandlela-thile engalingani nomholo wakhe wenyanga wama-Rs 800 njengombazi.

Ngathi imali yami izoba u-Rs7,000. “UMnu. Mancham,” ephendula, “ngizokukhokhela u-R15,000 kodwa ngicela ungikhiphe kulolu bishi.”

Njengoba kwenzeka kwesinye isikhathi ubufakazi bamapholisa bebubhideka buphikisana, omunye umfakazi wathi uMnumzana Joseph walandula ukuthi ulolwazi ngesinamoni lo omunye esithi ngeyakhe. Ngikwazile ukukholisa imantshi ukuthi ikhasimende lami alinacala elingaliphendula, futhi ayizange igcine ngokuvuma kodwa yayala ukuba isinamoni ibuyiselwe kuye.

Ngalobo busuku uMnumzane Joseph wafika endlini yami ngeloli. “Mnumzane,” kusho yena, ngikulethele ingxenye yamagxolo. Ngibona kufanele.”

Njengoba ungase uqaphele ukuthi kwakunomqondo we-laissez-faire kanye nesifundazwe ngaleso sikhathi kodwa kwakukhona ububi obuncane emkhathini, umqondo omncane wokwakha uzungu futhi akukho ukugxambukela kwezombusazwe.

Impela, ngesikhathi siba isizwe esizimele ngoJuni 29, 1976 sasilindele ukuthi ikusasa lethu liholwe ngumthethosisekelo obonakala ngomqondo wokwehlukaniswa kwamandla - isigungu esiphezulu ngaphansi kobuholi bukaMengameli, isishayamthetho ngaphansi kobuholi bukasomlomo kanye nomthethosisekelo. ezobulungiswa ngaphansi kobuholi beJaji Elikhulu.

Kodwa kungakapheli nonyaka aboHlanga babhekana nokuketulwa umbuso okuphambene nomthethosisekelo wangomhla zi-5 kuNhlangulana 1977. Okokuqala sabona ukusungulwa kombuso wobushiqela kanye nokuphoqelelwa kohlaka loMbuso OliQembu Elilodwa ezweni. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlaka okwaqala ukuhlupheka kwaba wumthetho. Sibone isimo sokuboshwa ngomthetho kaMongameli, ukuboshwa ngokungemthetho, ukutholwa kwezakhiwo okuyimpoqo, ukudlala indima yamaphoyisa, ukwakhiwa 'kwenduku yonogada' kanye nokuxoshwa ngokungemthetho kwabasebenzi bakahulumeni abasezikhundleni eziphezulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba isigwebo sentambo sasisencwadini yezithombe zenkathi yamakholoni kuze kube ngu-1966 empeleni kwakukhona ukubulawa okuncane kakhulu phakathi neminyaka eminingi yobukoloniyali. Ukubulawa kokugcina kwaba ngo-1948.

Ngokuphambene, nakuba sasingekho isigwebo sentambo kumthethosisekelo weRiphabhulikhi yesi-2, inani elishaqisayo labantu laliqondiswe ngaphandle kwenkantolo futhi babulawa kuyilapho abanye benziwa ukuthi banyamalale kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu zezombusazwe.

Eqinisweni wonke umqondo wokuhlukaniswa kwamandla wathunyelwa esihogweni ngesikhathi sokuketula umbuso ngokuboshwa, ukuvalelwa kanye nokudingiswa ngenkani kowayeyiJaji Elikhulu ngaleso sikhathi uMhlonishwa. O'Brien Quinn. Njengoba ezinye izintatheli zakubeka, “Usuku lobumnyama seluqalile” futhi wawusinda kuphela njengejaji futhi wakhushulelwa esikhundleni ohlelweni uma uvuma ukuthobela izifiso nokufisa kobushiqela eNdlu Yombuso. Akumangalisi ukuthi izinkulungwane zabantu bakithi zabaleka epharadesi lethu ukuze ziyofuna ukuphila okunesithunzi ekudingisweni emazweni angaphandle akude njengasezweni elibandayo laseCanada.

Mnu. Sihlalo, ukukhohlwa nokuqhubekela phambili kulesi sahluko esibi emlandweni wethu akuwona umsebenzi olula futhi ngaphansi kwezimo zethu kwakudinga ukwamukelwa nokukhuthazwa kwefilosofi yokubuyisana kwezwe eyayithathwa njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokugqugquzelwa kobuholi. izinga eliphezulu lobunye besizwe. Empeleni yilokhu okwakuhloswe wumthethosisekelo we-3rd Republic kodwa ekuqaleni kwalo mthethosisekelo njengoba izingwe zingasishintshi isikhumba sazo ngobusuku obubodwa, kwaba icala, ukucaphuna, iJaji Sauzier elithi “Plus sa va plus c’ est la meme wakhetha.”

Ngempela kungemuva kokukhethwa kukaMongameli uJames Alix Michel njengoMongameli ngokwakhe, lapho sabona khona umfutho obheke obala kanye nokubuyiselwa komqondo wokwehlukaniswa kwamandla.

Ngeshwa iSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke njengoba sibunjwe njengamanje asikho esinempilo futhi egculisayo ngokuphelele ngoba labo abathi bamele ingxenye enkulu yamaqembu aphikisayo bakhethe ukungabambi iqhaza futhi bafake isandla engxoxweni kazwelonke ezindabeni ezibalulekile nezibalulekile zomthetho. Ngiyethemba ukuthi bazothola amandla okubuyela emuva ngokwentshisekelo yezwe.

Kuze kube manje kwezobulungiswa kungumbono wami ukuthi asikaze sibe nakho okuhle okungaka nokuthi ngesinyathelo nokuqondisa kweJaji Elikhulu lamanje, uNom. UJustice Frederick Egonda-Ntende ngokukhuthazwa okusobala nokwesekwa uMongameli uJames Alix Michel ziningi izinguquko ezenzekile futhi ezenzekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo somphakathi okhalela ukuveza izinto obala, ukuziphendulela okwengeziwe kanye nokudlala okungenzeleli kanye nokunye namuhla inesidingo sezimfuneko zomthetho nezokwahlulela eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngenkathi ngizilolonga njengommeli kanye nommeli ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60s ngangingumpetha wazo zonke izinto zohwebo futhi ngingowalutho. Namuhla siphila enkathini yobungcweti futhi sinoMaitre Nichol Gabriel onguchwepheshe kwezomthetho wobugebengu, uMaitre Gerard Maurel onguchwepheshe kwezezindlu nezokudluliswa kwempahla kanye nabanumzane abafana noPhilippe Boulle noShelton Jolicoeur abenza ama-trust, ukubhaliswa kwezinkampani zasogwini kanye nokubhaliswa kwezinkampani zasogwini. off-shore banking izindawo zabo ezikhethekile.

Njengoba sihamba emgwaqeni ukuthi ubulungiswa akumele benziwe nje kuphela kodwa kumele kubonakale ukuthi buyenziwa nokuthi ofuna ubulungiswa eze nezandla ezihlanzekile, ngesikhathi esinethemba elikhulu lekusasa lezomnotho elingcono, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sinesakhiwo sokwahlulela esakhiwa abahluleli abahlonishwayo abakulungele ukwahlulela ngaphandle kokwesaba noma ukukhetha. Kulo mongo ngithanda ukwabelana nawe ngayo yonke imibono ethile ngamajaji engisanda kuhlangana nayo esihlokweni engisifunde ku-Sydney Morning Herald yase-Australia kulo nyaka.

Kuleso sihloko esibhalwe umlobi wezindaba zezomthetho wephepha lowo owayenguMongameli weNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yaseNew North South Wales uthi amajaji nakanjani futhi aletha ubandlululo lomuntu siqu esinqumweni sawo nokuthi labo 'abathi bangaphezu kokuziphatha okunjalo kungenzeka' okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi benze kanjalo. Ngokwalesi sihloko, ngokuphambene nesithombe abasithandayo njengomgcini wemithetho emisiwe, amajaji esifazane nabesilisa akhiphe isinqumo ngendlela eshaqisayo kweminye yemibuzo futhi amajaji alambile ayengase enqabe isicelo sikashwele kunalawo asanda kudla.

Enkulumweni emayelana nemithetho yohlangothi lwabantu, eyethulwa eNyuvesi yaseNew South Wales, uKeith Mason wathi “Ijaji ngalinye liwumkhiqizo wofuzo lwalo oluyingqayizivele, indlela akhuliswe ngayo, ukufunda esikoleni, ukuchayeka enkolweni, ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe besebancane kanye nokuvela komndeni kanye nokushintshashintsha kofuzo. ezinye izimo.

Ngokusho kwe-athikili ukuhlukaniswa kwemibono kanye nokuguquguquka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane bekukhombisa ukungavumelani okuqotho ngomthetho. Eqinisweni lezi zici zibonakala njengezemvelo futhi ezingenakugwenywa futhi njengoba othile ekubeka kahle ukuthi “Akuwona amabheji okungazi noma ukungaziphathi kahle kwezomthetho - angamabheji esintu.”

Umehluko phakathi kwamajaji ubonakale ephethini yesigwebo, imiklomelo yamademeshe, izinga lokusola kukahulumeni kanye nemibono yokuzibophezela komuntu siqu phakathi kwezinye izingcingo zamajaji.

Eqinisweni ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Stanford Law Review luthole ukuthi izicelo zabafuna ukukhoseliswa e-United States zathola ukuthi amajaji wesifazane ayenamathuba angama-44% okunikeza indawo yokukhosela kunamadoda nokuthi uma ijaji selisebenze isikhathi eside kuhulumeni, izinga lesibonelelo liyancipha. . Kukhona futhi lolo cwaningo oluthole ukuthi amajaji anikeze u-65% wesicelo sikashwele ngokushesha ngemuva kwekhefu lokudla, izinga lokugunyazwa kwawo lehla libe nguziro ngaphambi kokudla okulandelayo.

Hhayi-ke, angazi ukuthi kungakanani kwakho konke lokhu okusebenzayo ekumisweni kwethu kwezomthetho e-Seychelles namuhla kodwa kuyajabulisa impela ukunaka lokhu okuphawuliwe. Manje kuthiwani ngekusasa?

Kuyacaca ukuthi izinqumo ezithathwa osopolitiki namuhla zingaba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni kusasa. Nokho, inzalo yethu nezizukulwane ezisazozalwa azikwazi ukumela amalungelo azo. Ngakho-ke, kuwumsebenzi wethu kanye nesibopho sethu ukuqinisekisa ukuphila kokubili kwezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. Kuwukukholelwa kwami ​​ukuthi singakha kuphela umhlaba onokulingana, ozinzile futhi onokuthula isikhathi eside uma izixazululo zethu zibhekana nezimbangela zenkinga yethu yamanje. Uma kungenjalo, njengoba singakwazi ukufakaza ohlelweni lomhlaba wonke namuhla sibeka engcupheni yokulahla izindleko zesisombululo esilinganiselwe ngokwendawo noma sesikhashana emahlombe abanye abasazozalwa.

Kusasa ngemva kokuhambela umbukiso woSuku Lukazwelonke ngizobe ngindizela e-Bonn, eJalimane ukuze ngibambe iqhaza kuMhlangano-Jikelele Waminyaka Yonke wesi-7 woMkhandlu Wekusasa Lomhlaba Ohlanganise nesakhiwo sawo okhuthaze ikhomishana yezobulungiswa yesikhathi esizayo. Inhlangano enjalo isibe yigugu futhi iyadingeka ngoba kufanele sihlaziye futhi sidalule imiphumela yesikhathi eside yesinqumo sethu namuhla ngokuxhumanisa ukuxazulula izinkinga zamanje nombono wesikhathi eside. Ukufeza lokhu kufanele sisebenze ngombono ohlangene, oqokomisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungelo abantu nokuvikeleka, ubuqotho bemvelo, ukulingana komphakathi kanye nobudlelwane obunokuthula.

Kungani sidinga Ubulungiswa Besikhathi esizayo?

Sidinga ubulungiswa besikhathi esizayo ngoba sidinga ukuguqula ubudlelwano bethu - nathi, sodwa kanye nomhlaba wethu. Izwe liyashisa ngokuyingozi. Ingxenye yesine yezilwane zethu ezincelisayo ibhekene nengozi enkulu yokushabalala esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi kuyaqhubeka ngenani lamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-13 ngonyaka, indawo elingana nengxenye eyodwa ye-UK. Ngaphezu kuka-75% wezinhlanzi emhlabeni wonke zixhashazwa ngokugcwele noma ngokweqile, njengoba imikhumbi emikhulu yezimboni edonsa ngaphansi emanzini ajulile idala umonakalo omkhulu wesikhathi eside. Siyazi ukuthi umhlaba wemvelo uhlushwa yizenzo zethu ezingalungile.

Sidinga i-Future Justice ngoba sidinga ukunqoba ukungalingani kwamanyala phakathi kwabantu. Abantu abangaphezu kwesigidigidi baphila ngemali engaphansi kuka-US$1 ngosuku. Bangu-10 million abafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yendlala nezifo ezihlobene nendlala. Bangaphezu kwesigidigidi abasawatholi amanzi okuphuza aphephile. US$89 wezigidigidi kwakuyisidingo esihlawumbiselwayo samazwe ahola kancane ngo-2008 ukuze ahlangabezane neziNhloso zeMillennium Development ezazizosiza ukuqeda lesi simo esingamukelekile - kanti ukusetshenziswa kwezempi emhlabeni wonke kwakungamadola ayizigidigidi eziyi-1,339 ngo-2007. Igebe phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu liya ngokuya likhula, okuhlanganisa emazweni acebile. Siyazi ukuthi umhlaba wabantu uhlushwa yizenzo zethu ezingalungile.