The I-Friedrichstadt-Palast Berlin ivuma izimpande zayo ìzobuJuda kusukela ngo-1919 | Umlando wesiteji onezigigaba weFriedrichstadt-Palast Berlin yanamuhla waqala eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.

Ngomhla zingama-29 kuNovemba 1919, umbonisi weshashalazi ongumJuda uMax Reinhardt wavula i-Grofles Schauspielhaus ñ eyandulela iPhalasti. Iqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi i-Theater des Volkes (Ithiyetha Yabantu) ngesikhathi se-Third Reich, ithiyetha yayilawulwa ngokuqondile ngu-Joseph Goebbelsí Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. Ukusebenza kwaqala kabusha endaweni yeshashalazi etholakala engxenyeni yaseSoviet eBerlin ngemva kwempi ekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1945 futhi yanikezwa igama layo lanamuhla leFriedrichstadt-Palast ngo-1947.

Kuze kube ngu-1990, i-Palast ibiyitiyetha yokuzijabulisa enkulu kunazo zonke e-German Democratic Republic (GDR) ñ futhi namuhla futhi eseJalimane ehlangene. Ngokubheka ukuvela kabusha kwe-anti-Semitism futhi njengophawu lobumbano lwempilo yamaJuda eJalimane, iPalast ivuma ngokuziqhenya ifa layo lobuJuda phakathi nemikhosi enefulege elineNkanyezi kaDavide. Selokhu kuqale isizini yokugubha iminyaka engu-2019/20, iPalast ibibuyekeza umlando wetiyetha onezigigaba ngemisebenzi eyahlukene.

Inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini evakashelwa kakhulu enhloko-dolobha yaseJalimane manje isiphakamise ifulege ngaphandle komnyango walo omkhulu elineNkanyezi KaDavide nombhalo othi ìUsuka kumaJuda kusukela ngo-1919î ngesiJalimane nangesiNgisi. ìKamuva abasunguli bethu bango-1919 bahlupheka ngaphansi kwamaNazi. UMax Reinhardt njengomJuda, u-Erik Charell njengomJuda nobungqingili, noHans Poelzig njengomdwebi wezakhiwo. Ngenkathi u-Reinhardt no-Charell bedingisiwe, u-Poelzig wavinjelwa ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe,î utshela uDkt. Berndt Schmidt, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Palast. ìKuyingxenye ye-DNA yethu yaseshashalazini kanye nesibopho samanje.

Ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlaselwa kwesinagoge laseHalle kanye nokuhlaselwa korabi namalungu omphakathi wamaJuda kulo lonke elaseJalimane.î Uma kubhekwa umlando walo onezigigaba, iPhalasti namuhla ngokusobala limele inkululeko, ukuhlukahluka kanye nentando yeningi. Kusukela ngo-2014, le midlalo yeshashalazi ayisamemi amanxusa amazwe imithetho yawo ecindezela abathandana nobulili obufanayo embukisweni wayo wokuqala. Ngo-2017, u-Schmidt waphinde waziqhelelanisa esidlangalaleni nemibono yomhlaba yokucwasa ngokwebala neyobuzwe ye-Alternative f¸r Germany (AfD), okuyiqembu lezepolitiki elinezici ezishibhile kwesokudla elimelwe futhi kuBundestag yaseJalimane.

Kwaqubuka ingxabano kwabezindaba kanye nabalingisi bemidlalo yeshashalazi ngokuthi ngabe inkundla yeshashalazi engaphansi kukahulumeni ivumelekile yini ukwenza izitatimende ezinje emphakathini. Umbono kaDkt. Berndt Schmidtí: ìLapho sibona inkululeko nenkululeko yobuciko isengcupheni, amathiyetha aseJalimane awavunyelwe nje kuphela ñ kufanele. Yiziphi ezinye izifundo okufanele zibe yizifundo zomlando waseJalimane?î Ekuphakameni kwengxabano ngo-7†Okthoba 2017, yonke imidlalo yeshashalazi enezivakashi ezicishe ibe ngu-2,000 kwadingeka ikhishwe isikhashana ngenxa yosongo lwebhomu olungaziwa. Ulwazi oluyisizinda: Mayelana nabasunguli be-Palastís: UMax Reinhardt wayengumnikazi we-impresario nowetiyetha owake waba nombono kunabo bonke ngesikhathi sakhe. UHans Poelzig wayengumakhi wezakhiwo onethonya.

U-Erik Charell uthole imibukiso ye-ëGolden Twentiesí e-Berlin, wathola u-Marlene Dietrich kanye ne-Comedian Harmonists, futhi wadala i-operetta ëIm Weien Rˆsslí (The White Horse Inn) eyaduma umhlaba wonke. Kusukela ngo-1933, iNational Socialists yabavimbela bobathathu ukuthi basebenze eJalimane. Uzalo lwabo lwamaJuda lwaholela uReinhardt noCharell ukuba baye ekudingisweni; njengongqingili kanye nomJuda, uCharell wayesengozini ikakhulukazi. U-Poelzig wayeya ngokuya engaphansi kokuphindiselwa ngenxa yesakhiwo sakhe se-expressionist (ìdegenerateî).

Ngo-1980, iPalast endala kwadingeka ivalwe futhi idilizwe ngenxa yokulimala kwesakhiwo. Ngomhla zingama-27 † Ephreli 1984, iPalast entsha yavulwa njengokwakhiwa kokugcina kweGerman Democratic Republic (GDR). Isahlaba umxhwele nanamuhla ngesiteji setiyetha esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-Friedrichstadt-Palast entsha ihlalisa izivakashi ezingu-1,900, okuyenza ibe ithiyetha enkulu kunazo zonke e-Berlin. Ngezihambeli ezingu-700,000† njalo ngonyaka, iyitiyetha yokuzijabulisa evakashelwa kakhulu e-Germany.

Okuningi ku-German Tourism: www.germantourismboard.com