Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu ahlangane eBeirut ngeSonto egubha iminyaka emihlanu kwabulawa owayenguNdunankulu uRafik Hariri, ukufa kwakhe kwathinta iCedar Revolution yaseLebanon noma ukuvukela kukaKefaya (sekwanele) - okwabangela ukuphela kwempi yaseSyria yeminyaka engama-30 eLebanon. .
I-Beirut ibone inani elikhulu labantu abafika kanye nabasekeli baka-Hariri abangasekho, kodwa isibalo silinganiselwa ukuthi sincane uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule.
NgoFebhuwari 14, 2004 ngehora lokuqala emini ngesikhathi sase-Beirut, uRafik Hariri kanye nabantu abangaba ngu-1 ohambeni lwakhe lwezithuthuthu babulawa ibhomu elingu-17 kg enhliziyweni yesikhungo sezokuvakasha eLebanon. Ukuqhuma okunamandla kwadabula isifunda sase-Beirut esinenqubekela phambili, esisezingeni eliphezulu, kwalimaza indawo eyingqophamlando yase-Beirut iPhenicia Inter-Continental, iMonroe Hotel ekuKennedy Street, Palm Beach, Vendome Inter-Continental, Riviera Hotel e-Ain el Mraisseh kanye I-St. Georges Beach resort, i-marina nendawo yokudlela ebhekene neFenike. Wonke amahhotela ayi-500 alele eduze kolwandle ibin al Hassan. Iningi labavakashi behhotela lihambe ngokushesha.
Usozigidi waseLebanon owabulawa uHariri wayengumbono ngemuva kokwakhiwa kabusha kweLebanon ngemuva kwempi. Umakhi wokutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidi ngezigidi zamadola i-Solidere, edolobheni lase-Beirut ukhuphuke esuka kumanxiwa ayo ohlobo lwase-Dresden waya endaweni enenzuzo, ehehwa ezokuvakasha ezisezingeni lomhlaba. Wayephethe amaphesenti angu-10 wamasheya e-Solidere futhi wafa phakathi kwamamitha ombuso wakhe ngenxa yebhomu elalitshalwe ngaphandle kodonga ehhotela elingenalutho. Ukwakha kabusha iLebanon bekuwumgomo wakhe omkhulu kusukela aqokwa okokuqala njengoNdunankulu ngo-Okthoba 1992, ephethe uhulumeni ophethwe umholi waseSyria ongasekho uHafez Al Assad. Ngephrofayili ekhombisa ubudlelwano obuqinile nezicukuthwane zaseSaudi Arabia kanye nabaseSyria ngaleso sikhathi, u-Hariri ogama lakhe lokuqala lahlala kwaze kwaba ngu-1998 kwaba ukubheja okungcono kakhulu kwengamela ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezwe lonke, ingasaphathwa eyokuxhasa ngezimali izingxenye zayo.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, uSolidere wazalwa. Uhlobo lobambiswano phakathi kwezinkampani ezizimele nezikahulumeni, luqashelwa kabanzi njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu yokusebenzisa ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwedolobha. Njengenhlangano ezimele yokuthuthukisa esungulwe ngomthetho kahulumeni, inamasheya amaningi abo bonke abanikazi bangaphambili kanye nabaqashi bendawo emaphakathi nedolobha. Njengenkampani enesibopho sokwakha kabusha idolobha i-Beirut, i-Solidere ibikade iyisizinda sokuvuselela iLebanon. Yasungulwa ngaphansi koMthetho 177 ka-1991 njengenkampani ezimele esohlwini lwe-stock exchange, yiyona ifemu enesibopho sokuvuselela i-Beirut Central District (BCD) eyayicekelwe phansi yimpi ye-Beirut Central District (BCD), indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yezwe kanye nenye yezinkampani ezizimele. amafemu amakhulu ama-Arab avulekele cishe bonke abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Abanikazi bavunyelwe ukushintshanisa amalungelo endawo ekuthuthukisweni ngembuyiselo ye-1.8/2 yenkampani Amasheya e-Class A afinyelela ku-$ 3 billion. Lo msebenzi uxhaswe ngezabelo zeClass B eziyizigidi ezingama-1.17 ezikhishwe isamba sezigidi ezingama- $65. Kuphinde kwaqoqwa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-650 emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa ama-GDR ayizigidi ezingu-77. Kamuva, yayizoba isisekelo somnotho wezwe, sithinteke ngenxa yokungazinzi okuboniswa amanani esitoko.
Ngenkathi u-Hariri eshiya isikhundla ngo-1998, nokho wabona inzuzo yakhe yonke yehla ngo-93% ngo-1999 ngenxa yomnotho ocindezelekile owabangelwa ukuwohloka komnotho okubi kakhulu kanye nokwenqaba kukahulumeni ukunikeza izimvume zokwakha. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthunyelwa kwalokhu okubizwa nge-Beirut Souks kwabambezeleka futhi kwaba yiqhwa isikhathi esiningi se-2000. Ibiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-90 kuya kweziyi-100, iphrojekthi ye-100,000 square metre souk yaba igugu emqhele wohlelo oluyinhloko lwe-Solidere, olubalulekile ekusakazekeni komhlaba wonke. ukuvuselelwa kwedolobha lase-ville. Izimvume ziphinde zabambezeleka njengoba udonga olukhulu lukaHariri lukabhiliyoni waseSaudi oyisitha uPrince Waled bin Talal bin Abdulaziz besabisa ngokuhoxa ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa iFour Seasons Hotel eBeirut. UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi uMichel Murr udale ukubambezeleka okukhulu njengoba ebambe iqhaza engxabanweni yaseSolidere embuzweni wobunikazi nokukhokhelwa kweMurr Tower esifundeni saseHamra. I-red tape esabekayo ibophe umnotho owawuvele ubhekene nokuwohloka komnotho futhi wakhala ngosizo lwezezimali ngaphakathi nokunye. Umbango phakathi kukaHariri kanye nokuphatha kukaNdunankulu owalandela u-Selim Hoss, esekelwa kanzima uMongameli u-General Emile Lahoud, uqhubekisele phambili ubunzima kulokho okwakubukeka sengathi ukubhebhetheka komlilo wequbula eSolidere. Ngenxa yokungqubuzana kukaHariri kwezombusazwe nondunankulu ophethe, ukudayiswa komhlaba endaweni kwehle kusuka ku-$118 million kuya ku-$37 million ngo-1999, kwaya ku-$2.7 million ngonyaka ka-2000. izihlalo ezingaphezu kwalokho obekulindelwe, esikhundleni sika-Hoss, ingcebo yenkampani yavuvukala kungakapheli amasonto ehlandla lakhe lesibili. Uhulumeni ubejabule ekhipha izimvume futhi.
UNdunankulu wabe esebeka amasu amasha aqinile nge-Horizon 2000, iphrojekthi yezigidigidi zamadola ebuyisela iBeirut njengenhloko-dolobha yezohwebo nezivakashi yaseLebanon kanye nesifunda. I-Solidere yayiyingxenye enkulu yalesi sikhuthazo esikhulu ngenkathi u-Hariri ekwazile ukukholisa iphalamende lakhe ukuthi ligunyaze umqondo wokukhipha amasheya e-Solidere kubanikazi bangaphambili kanye nabaqashi edolobheni.
Yaqhakaza indawo. Njengoba iyindawo ematasatasa noma ihabhu, yahluma inezindawo zokudlela ezinhlobonhlobo (eze yaqanjwa ngokuthi iCafe City), izindawo zokudlela, izindawo zokudlela, izitolo, izitolo ezithwele iqoqo leziginesha ezivulwa kuze kube phakathi kwamabili. Izitolo zokudla neziphuzo azivali kuze kube yilapho abaseLebanon behamba ngaphambi nje kokuphuma kwelanga, okwenza i-Solidere ibe indawo yasebusuku eshisa kakhulu. Izitolo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zifakwe amakhowe ekuqaleni nje kodwa ngokudla kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemikhiqizo esebenza njengophawu lwesimo lwe-Lebos. Abaqashi abanenhlanhla bathola indawo ephambili lapho ebheke amanxiwa asendulo aseFenike aseBerytus, asambiwa kuze kube manje.
Lo mgubho weminyaka ka-2010 uza ngemuva kokuthi indodana kaHariri, uNdunankulu uSaad Hariri ebuyisane neSyria engumakhelwane, eseliphumele obala ngecala lokubulala uyise. UHariri, 40, usehola uhulumeni wobumbano ohlanganisa nosopolitiki abasekelwa abaseSyria abebeyingxenye yeqembu eliphikisayo kwezombusazwe. Ngokungafani neminyaka edlule, lapho izinkulumo zabaholi zazigcwele ukuhlaselwa nokuhlambalaza iSyria, uHariri kulo nyaka ukhulume ngesiteji esisha sobudlelwano beLebanon nomakhelwane wayo.
