ICoronavirus ingaba yisibusiso kuMvelo

Imigwaqo ayinalutho, isibhakabhaka sithule futhi ezindaweni eziningi, umoya uhlanzekile kunaseminyakeni edlule. Izinyathelo zokuvala ngenxa ye-COVID-19 embulungeni yonke kuze kube manje zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekungcolisweni komoya.

E-United States, i-NASA iqophe ukwehla okungu-30% kokungcoliswa komoya ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga ngoMashi 2020, ngokuqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zikaMashi kusuka ku-2015 kuya ku-2019.

Isithombe se-US phakathi kuka-2015 no-2019; isithombe ngakwesokudla sikhombisa amazinga okungcoliswa komhlaba ngoMashi 2020. (GSFC / NASA)

n EYurophu, kubikwe izinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu. Besebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-European Space Agency yeCopernicus yama-satellite, ososayensi abavela eRoyal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) bathole ukuthi ukugxila kwe-nitrogen dioxide kwehle ngo-45% eMadrid, eMilan naseRoma, uma kuqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zikaMashi-Ephreli zonyaka odlule. Okwamanje iParis ibone ukwehla kwama-54% emazingeni okungcola ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Kusetshenziswa idatha evela kusethelayithi yeCopernicus Sentinel-5P, lezi zithombe zikhombisa ukugxila kwesilinganiso se-nitrogen dioxide kusuka ngoMashi 13 kuya ku-Ephreli 13, 2020, uma kuqhathaniswa nokugxila okuphakathi kuka-Mashi-Ephreli kusuka ku-2019. Ukwehla kwamaphesenti kususelwa emadolobheni akhethiwe eYurophu futhi ukungaqiniseki okuzungeze i-15% ngenxa yokwehluka kwesimo sezulu phakathi kuka-2019 no-2020. (KNMI / ESA)

Ngenkathi i-coronavirus ngokungangabazeki ibe nomthelela omuhle ngokushesha kwikhwalithi yomoya, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi empeleni ukutadisha ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okuzozuzisa izinzuzo ezinkulu kulo bhubhane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

NgokukaProf. Ori Adam, uchwepheshe ocwaningweni lwesimo sezulu e-Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Institute of Earth Science, ukuvalwa kwezikhala emhlabeni wonke kuzosiza ososayensi ukudalula ubukhulu bangempela bomthelela womuntu kule planethi.

"Leli yithuba eliyingqayizivele kakhulu lokuphendula omunye wemibuzo ephuthuma kakhulu okuwukuthi: Iyini indima yethu ekuguqulweni kwesimo sezulu?" U-Adam utshele iThe Media Line. "Singathola izimpendulo ezibalulekile ngalokho futhi uma senza kanjalo, kungaba ngumthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwenqubomgomo."

U-Adam ubize umthelela osabalele we-COVID-19 ekuhambeni kwabantu nasekukhiqizweni kwezimboni ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa okuyingqayizivele esingakwazanga ukukwenza emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule." Abaphenyi bazokwazi ukukala ngokunembile ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-aerosol enziwe ngabantu kanye nokukhishwa kwe-CO2 ekushiseni komhlaba kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo.

"Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singcolisa ngokubeka amagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini, kodwa futhi singcolisa umkhathi ngalezi zinhlayiya ezincane [ama-aerosols] futhi empeleni zinomphumela wokulinganisela," echaza. “Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ngenxa yalokhu kuncipha kokungcola, sizomisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kodwa akucaci lokho ukuthi kuzoba njalo. … Ngeke sisho ngempela ukuthi ngabe lolu bhubhane luzoba nokupholisa noma lube nomthelela esimweni sezulu. ”

Ama-aerosols awuthuli nezinhlayiya ezibangelwa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi neminye imisebenzi yabantu. Kukholakala ukuthi zinciphisa inani lemisebe yelanga efinyelela ebusweni boMhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela idale umphumela wokupholisa. Eyaziwa njengokufiphala komhlaba wonke, lo mkhuba uyindawo esebenzayo yocwaningo lososayensi bezulu.

“Asazi ukuthi uthini umphumela wama-aerosol,” kuqinisekisa u-Adam. "Uma sesiqonda ukuthi sizokwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ukungaqiniseki kwezibikezelo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu."

Kwezesayensi yezulu, uthe, kunokudonsana kwempi phakathi kwezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezincintisanayo - zonke ezinomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu sisonke. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi imibuzo eminingi emikhulu isala ingaphenduliwe, ikhono labaphenyi lokuthinta abenzi bezinqubomgomo kanye nezombusazwe lithinteke kabi.

"Kusobala ukuthi abantu badlala indima enkulu [ekuguqulweni kwesimo sezulu]," kusho u-Adam. “Inkinga ukuthi asikwazi ukubeka inombolo kuyo kanti nendawo enamaphutha inkulu impela. Kunamanye amathonya, ngokwesibonelo, ukwehluka kwemvelo, okuwukuthi, izinga lokushisa lomhlaba jikelele elizoshintsha noma singakhiphi lutho emkhathini. ”

Yize kunjalo, u-Adam ukholelwa ukuthi ngenkathi ososayensi bengenayo imininingwane eyanele yokuhlola indima ngqo edlalwa ngabantu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, i-COVID-19 ingakushintsha konke lokho.

"Mhlawumbe i-coronavirus izosinika [ithuba] eliyingqayizivele lokusisiza ukuthi sinciphise ukuqonda kwethu ukuthi sithinta kanjani isimo sezulu," esho, wengeza ngokuthi futhi ukholelwa ukuthi ubhadane luzokhuthaza amazwe amaningi ukuthi ashiye uwoyela asheshe asheshe ukuyohlanza imithombo yamandla njengomoya namandla elanga.

Eqinisweni, kubonakala sengathi ukungcoliswa okwenziwe ngumuntu kubangela okungenani ukufa okuthile okuhlobene ne-coronavirus.

Ucwaningo lwaseHarvard olukhishwe ekuqaleni kwale nyanga luveze ukuthi abantu abane-COVID-19 maningi amathuba okuthi babulawe yigciwane uma behlala ezindaweni ezinokungcola komoya okuphezulu. Yenziwe yiHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health, abacwaningi bahlaziya idatha evela ezifundeni ezingama-3,080 kulo lonke elase-US futhi baqhathanisa amazinga e-PM2.5 (noma into enezinhlayiya ezikhiqizwa ukushiswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa) ngenani lokufa kwe-coronavirus endaweni ngayinye.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi labo abebesengozini enkulu yokuthola u-PM2.5 isikhathi eside basengozini enkulu engu-15% yokufa ngenxa yegciwane elinoveli kunalabo abahlala ezindaweni ezinalolu hlobo lokungcola oluncane.

"Sithole ukuthi abantu abahlala ezifundeni e-United States asebeke babhekana namazinga aphezulu okungcoliswa komoya kule minyaka eyi-15-20 edlule banezinga lokufa eliphakeme kakhulu le-COVID-19, ngemuva kokubalwa kokwehluka kwabantu," kusho uDkt. Francesca Dominici , umbhali omkhulu walolu cwaningo, utshele iThe Media Line nge-imeyili. "Lokhu kwanda kubanga ukulungiswa kwezici ezisezingeni lesifunda."

UDominici uthe uma umnotho usuqala kabusha amazinga okungcoliswa komoya uzobuyela ngokushesha emazingeni obhadane lwangaphambi kobhubhane.

"Ukuvezwa ukungcoliswa komoya kuthinta izitho ezifanayo (amaphaphu nenhliziyo) ezihlaselwa yi-COVID-19," echaza, engeza ngokuthi ayimangazanga imiphumela.

Imizamo yase-Italy yokunciphisa ukusabalala kwesifo se-coronavirus iholele ekwehleni kokuhamba kwezikebhe emigwaqweni yamanzi edumile yaseVenice - njengoba yathunjwa yi-Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. Lezi zithombe zikhombisa omunye wemiphumela yedolobha elikhiyiwe laseVenice, enyakatho ye-Italy. Isithombe esiphezulu, esithwetshulwe ngo-Ephreli 13, 2020, sikhombisa ukungabi bikho okugcwele kwezikebhe uma kuqhathaniswa nesithombe esivela ngo-Ephreli 19, 2019. (ESA)

Abanye bavumile ukuthi imihlomulo esheshayo yezemvelo yokwehlisa ukungcola komoya okurekhodwe ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba - ngenkathi yamukelekile - izohlala isikhashana.

"Ngokushesha kwenzeka, izobuyela emuva ngendlela ebiyiyo," kusho uDavid Lehrer, umqondisi omkhulu we-Arava Institute for Environmental Studies, etshela iThe Media Line. “Kodwa esikukhombisile ukuthi uma sithatha izinyathelo ezinqala, singathinta amagesi abamba ukushisa asemkhathini. Siphoqeleke ukukwenza ngalolu bhubhane kodwa kunezinye izindlela zokunciphisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, ezingabandakanyi umhlaba wonke ukuthi uvalwe. ”

Isikhungo i-Arava Institute for Environmental Study, esiseKibbutz Ketura eningizimu yakwa-Israyeli eduze nomngcele waseJordanian, sizobe sinikeza isifundo esifushane ku-inthanethi ngemiphumela yemvelo ye-coronavirus ngoLwesithathu oluzayo njengengxenye yemigubho yamazwe omhlaba yomhlaba.

"Sibonile umoya ohlanzekile ezindaweni ezifana neHaifa lapho kunezimboni eziningi, naseTel Aviv," kuqhuba uLehrer. “Izifundo ezibaluleke kakhulu kukho konke lokhu ukuthi, uNombolo 1, izindaba zesayensi, futhi lapho ochwepheshe besayensi besitshela okuthile okufanele sikulalele. Okwesibili, kucace bha ukuthi thina bantu sinekhono lokuthinta isimo. … Sisenaso isikhathi sokwenza okuthile uma sithatha izinyathelo ezinqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu uma sisebenza njengomphakathi womhlaba wonke. ”

U-Lehrer ugcizelele ukuthi ushintsho olusheshayo lwezemvelo olubonwe emasontweni adlule lukhombisa ukuthi ubuntu ngokuhlanganyela budinga ukuhamba kancane, basebenze ekhaya lapho kungenzeka futhi bangagxili kakhulu kubathengi.

"Sidinga ukubuyela kokujwayelekile, kepha [kufanele] kube yinto ejwayelekile entsha ebona isidingo sokuzivikela kubhadane oluzayo futhi ngasikhathi sinye icubungule usongo lwesikhathi esimaphakathi lokuguquka kwesimo sezulu," kuphetha yena.

NguMayaMargit, The Media Line