Beijing - Izwe laseChina livale iTibet kubavakashi bakwamanye amazwe kanye nokutshala amasosha ahlome ngezibhamu emigwaqweni yaseBeijing - okuyingxenye yezinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha ngaphambi komgubho weminyaka engu-60 wokubusa kwamakhomanisi. Ngisho nokundiza ikhayithi kuvinjelwe enhloko-dolobha.
Nakuba imigubho yango-Okthoba 1, ehlanganisa ukubuyekezwa okukhulu kwezempi kanye nenkulumo kaMongameli u-Hu Jintao, igxile e-Beijing, ukucindezela kudlulela ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zesizwe esakhulayo.
Ku-inthanethi, amabhulokhi kokuqukethwe kwezepolitiki okubucayi nezingosi zokuxhumana nabantu njenge-Twitter ne-Facebook anwetshiwe, futhi kube khona ukukhuphuka kogaxekile be-imeyili obuqukethe inhloli ethunyelwe ezintathelini zakwamanye amazwe. Izikhulu zamaKhomanisi ezweni lonke zitshelwe ukuthi zivimbele ukuya eBeijing ngabafaki-zikhalazo abafuna ukulungiswa yiziphathimandla futhi bazame ukuxazulula izikhalo zabo endaweni.
Ezokuphepha ziqinile enhloko-dolobha futhi ngandlela thize ziqine kakhulu kunangeMidlalo Yama-Olympic YaseBeijing yangonyaka odlule, lapho izibhamu ze-SWAT zixubana phakathi kwezixuku enkabeni yedolobha ezihlotshiswe ngamafulegi ezwe kanye nama-diorama anemibalabala.
Izakhamizi zivinjelwe amakhayithi endizayo njengezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezingozini zasemoyeni, futhi labo abahlala ezindlini zezikhulu ezigudle umzila we-parade batshelwe ukuthi bangawavuli amafasitela abo noma baphumele kovulandi bazo bayobuka. Ukuthengiswa kwemimese kuvinjelwe, futhi izaziso ezindlini zokwamukela izivakashi zikhuthaza izakhamuzi ukuthi zibike noma yini esolisayo.
Umgubho woSuku Lukazwelonke ulandela iziyaluyalu ezinodlame neziqhubekayo ngokumelene nombuso wamaShayina emashumini eminyaka ezifundeni zawo ezikude ezisentshonalanga yeXinjiang neTibet. Izibhelu zobuhlanga enhlokodolobha yaseXinjiang, i-Urumqi, zabulala abantu abacela ku-200 ngoJulayi kanti isifunda samaSulumane aseTurkic sisamile phezu kochungechunge lwakamuva lokuhlaselwa ngezinaliti okungaqondakali ezindaweni zomphakathi.
Njengasemuva kwezibhelu ngoMashi 2008, izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ziye zavinjelwa eTibet, ngokusho kwezikhulu zendawo kanye nabantu abasebenza embonini yezokuvakasha. Umbhikisho wangoMashi 14, 2008 e-Lhasa wawubhekise ezitolo nabafuduki baseShayina abafudukele esifundeni sase-Himalaya ngamanani anda kusukela kwangena amasosha amakhomanisi ngo-1950.
USu Tingrui, umdayisi weTibet China Travel Service, uthe imenenja jikelele yenkampani ibizelwe emhlanganweni ngeSonto ebusuku yiziphathimandla enhlokodolobha yaseTibet iLhasa - amakhilomitha angu-2,500 (amakhilomitha angu-4,023) ukusuka eBeijing. Uthe ukuvinjelwa akuzange kukhishwe ngokubhaliwe kodwa bakudlulisele emhlanganweni futhi kuzodlulela ku-Okthoba 8.
Amanye ama-ejenti eBeijing naseLhasa athi uhulumeni useyekile ukunikeza izimvume ezikhethekile ezidingekayo zokuvakashela lesi sifunda kubantu bakwamanye amazwe.
"Ngo-Okthoba, ibhizinisi lizothinteka kakhulu," kusho umamukeli ogama lakhe lingu-Wang onamaphuzu amane ehhotela laseSheraton eLhasa. Ukumiswa kwezimvume “mhlawumbe kuyingxenye yezinhlelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe. Usuqala ukubona isibalo esikhulu samaphoyisa namasosha emigwaqweni kule nyanga, namaphoyisa namasosha ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo lapho bekungagadiwe muntu.”
Ezokuphepha ziqiniswe emasontweni andulela ama-Olympics aseBeijing ngonyaka odlule kwaphinde kwaqiniswa ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi ngesikhathi semigubho yezombusazwe ebucayi. Abasembonini bathi ezokuvakasha zaseTibet ziphinde zashaya indiva ngemuva kwezibhelu zaseXinjiang, ezishiye namahhotela ase-Urumqi engenalutho.
“Kubavakashi awukho umehluko ukuthi izibhelu zikaJulayi zaziseXinjiang noma eTibet. Bacabanga ukuthi kuyingozi ukwehlela lapha, ”kusho uZhang, osebenza eTibet Hongshan International Travel Agency, ezinze eLhasa.
UTan Lin, oyisikhulu ehhovisi lokuphatha ibhizinisi eTourism Bureau of Tibet, uthe izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zizovinjelwa kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya phambili, kodwa labo asebefikile bazovunyelwa ukuhlala.
UHu Shisheng, inhloko yehhovisi laseNingizimu Asia e-China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, uthe ukuvinjelwa kugqugquzelwe wuvalo lukahulumeni lokuthi amaqembu aphesheya kwezilwandle asekela iTibet angase asebenzise abafundi abanozwela noma izivakashi ukwenza imibhikisho - njengoba kwenzeka eBeijing ngesikhathi sama-Olympics. Izwe laseChina lithi udlame lwaseTibet naseXinjiang lwaqanjwa amaqembu anjengalawa, nakuba iziphathimandla zinikeze ubufakazi obuncane.
Ngenkathi izindlela zokuphepha eBeijing nakwezinye izindawo zingabonakala zidlula abanye, kusho uJoseph Cheng weCity University yaseHong Kong. Izikhulu zaseShayina zikholelwa ukuthi zikufanele ukuvimbela ngisho nezigameko ezincane kakhulu ngenkathi zethula umbono wesizwe esiqinile, esizinzile.
“Onyakeni owodwa noma emibili edlule kulungiselelwa ama-Olympics kube nokugcizelelwa okukhulu ekuboniseni ubuso obuhle beChina,” kusho uCheng.
Ubuye wengeza ngokuthi izikhulu zikahulumeni wasekhaya kanye nezokuphepha komphakathi ziyatshelwa: “Asifuni sigameko, ngakho uma kukhona okwenzekayo, usenkingeni.”
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- Ezokuphepha ziqinile enhloko-dolobha futhi ngandlela thize ziqine kakhulu kunangeMidlalo Yama-Olympic YaseBeijing yangonyaka odlule, lapho izibhamu ze-SWAT zixubana phakathi kwezixuku enkabeni yedolobha ezihlotshiswe ngamafulegi ezwe kanye nama-diorama anemibalabala.
- Hu Shisheng, head of the South Asia office at China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, said the ban was motivated by government fears that overseas pro-Tibet groups could use sympathetic students or tourists to stage protests — as occurred in Beijing during the Olympics.
- Residents have been barred from flying kites as a precaution against aerial hazards, and those who live in the diplomatic apartments that line the parade route have been told not open their windows or go out on their balconies to watch.
