IATA: Inkinga yomhlaba wonke yokuxhuma umoya isongela ukuvuselelwa komnotho womhlaba

The Inhlangano Yezindiza Yezindiza Yomhlaba Wonke (IATA) kukhishwe idatha eveza ukuthi inkinga ye-COVID-19 ibe nomthelela omubi ekuxhumaneni kwamazwe omhlaba, inyakazisa amazinga ezindawo ezixhumene kakhulu emhlabeni. 
 

• ILondon, okuyidolobha elihamba phambili kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngoSepthemba 2019, ibone ukwehla kokuxhuma ngo-67%. NgoSepthemba 2020, lase liwele kunombolo yesishiyagalombili. 
   
• IShanghai manje yidolobha eliphakeme kakhulu ekuxhumaneni namadolobha aphezulu amane axhunywe kakhulu eChina — eShanghai, eBeijing, eGuangzhou naseChengdu. 
   
• INew York (-66% iwela ekuxhumekeni), eTokyo (-65%), eBangkok (-81%), eHong Kong (-81%) naseSeoul (-69%) bonke baphume kwabayishumi abaphezulu. 
   

Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi amadolobha anezibalo eziningi zokuxhumana kwasekhaya manje abusa, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuvalwa kwamazwe omhlaba kuvaliwe kangakanani.

“Ukushintsha okuphezulu kwamazinga okuxhuma kukhombisa izinga lapho uku-oda komhlaba ku-odolwe kabusha ezinyangeni ezedlule. Kepha iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi amazinga awasuki ngenxa yanoma ikuphi ukuthuthuka kokuxhuma. Lokho kwehle ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izimakethe. Izikhundla zishintshile ngoba isilinganiso sokwehla besisikhulu kwamanye amadolobha kunamanye. Abekho abawinile, kuphela abanye abadlali abathola ukulimala okumbalwa. Esikhathini esifushane sesihlehlisile inqubekela phambili yekhulu leminyaka ekuhlanganiseni abantu nokuhlanganisa izimakethe. Umyalezo okufanele siwuthathe kulolu cwaningo ngesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwakha kabusha inethiwekhi yezokuthutha emoyeni, ”kusho uSebastian Mikosz, oyiPhini Likamongameli Ophakeme we-IATA Wezobudlelwano Namalungu Angaphandle.

Umhlangano Jikelele Wonyaka wama-76 we-IATA unxuse ohulumeni ukuthi bavule kabusha imingcele ngokuphepha besebenzisa ukuhlolwa. “Ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kwezihambi kuyisixazululo esisheshayo sokwakha kabusha ukuxhumana okulahlekile. Ubuchwepheshe bukhona. Imihlahlandlela yokusetshenziswa seyakhiwe. Manje kudingeka sisebenzise, ​​ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo wenethiwekhi yezokuthuthwa komoya ube ongenakulungiswa, ”kusho uMikosz.

Ukuthuthwa komoya kuyinjini enkulu yomnotho womhlaba. Ezikhathini ezijwayelekile imisebenzi engaba yizigidi ezingama-88 kanye nama- $ 3.5 trillion ku-GDP isekelwa yizindiza. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yalokhu kuqashwa kanye nenani lezomnotho lisengcupheni yokuwa kwesidingo sokuhamba emoyeni emhlabeni jikelele. “Ohulumeni kumele babone ukuthi kunemiphumela emikhulu ezimpilweni nasezimpilweni zabantu. Okungenani imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingama-46 esekelwa yizithuthi zomoya isengozini. Futhi amandla okusimama komnotho asuka ku-COVID-19 azophazamiseka kakhulu ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwenethiwekhi esebenzayo yezokuthutha izindiza, ”kusho uMikosz.

Inkomba yokuxhunywa komoya kwe-IATA ilinganisa ukuthi amadolobha ezwe axhumene kangakanani namanye amadolobha emhlabeni jikelele, okubaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo, ezokuvakasha, ukutshalwa kwezimali nokunye ukuhamba kwezomnotho. Kuyindlela ehlanganisiwe ekhombisa inani lezihlalo ezigelezelwa ezindaweni ezinikezwa kusuka ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zezwe kanye nokubaluleka kwezomnotho kwalezo zindawo.

Imithelela ye-COVID-19 ekuxhumekeni kwesifunda (Ephreli 2019-Ephreli 2020, isilinganiso se-IATA Connectivity Index)

Africa ihlupheke ngo-93% ekuxhumekeni. I-Ethiopia ikwazile ukuwunqoba lo mkhuba. Ngesikhathi sokuphakama kokuqala kwesifo ngo-Ephreli 2020, i-Ethiopia yagcina ukuxhumana nezindawo ezingama-88 zomhlaba. Izimakethe eziningi zezindiza ezincike kwezokuvakasha, njengeGibhithe, iNingizimu Afrika neMorocco, zithinteke kakhulu.  

Asia-Pacific ubone ukwehla okungama-76% kokuxhuma. Izimakethe ezinamandla zezindiza zasekhaya, njenge China, Japan kanye neSouth Korea zenze kangcono phakathi kwamazwe axhunywe kakhulu esifundeni. Yize kunemakethe enkulu yezindiza yasekhaya, iThailand yathinteka kakhulu mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi izwe lithembele kakhulu kwezokuvakasha zomhlaba wonke. 

Europe uhlangabezane nokuwa kwe-93% ekuxhumekeni. Amazwe aseYurophu abone ukwehla okuphawulekayo ezimakethe eziningi, yize ukuxhumana kweRussia kubambe kangcono kunamazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Emaphakathi Mpumalanga amazwe abone ukuxhumana kwehla ngo-88%. Ngaphandle kweQatar, amazinga wokuxhuma ancishiswe ngaphezu kwama-85% emazweni amahlanu axhunywe kakhulu esifundeni. Yize kuvaliwe imingcele, iQatar ivumele abagibeli ukuthi bahambe phakathi kwezindiza. Futhi bekuyihabhu elibalulekile lezimpahla zomoya.

ENyakatho Melika Ukuxhuma kwehle ngama-73%. Ukuxhuma kweCanada (-85% ukwehla) kushayeke kakhulu kune-United States (-72%). Ngokwengxenye, lokhu kukhombisa imakethe enkulu yezindiza yasekhaya e-United States, okuthi noma ukwehla okukhulu kwabagibeli, kuqhubeke nokuxhasa ukuxhumana. 

i-Latin America ihlupheke ngo-91% ekuxhumekeni. IMexico neChile basebenze kangcono kakhulu kunamanye amazwe axhunywe kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngenxa yesikhathi sokuvalwa kwasekhaya kula mazwe nokuthi aqiniswa kangakanani. 

Ngaphambi kobhadane

Ngaphambi kobhadane lwe-COVID-19, ukukhula kokuxhuma emoyeni kwakuyindaba yempumelelo yomhlaba. Emashumini amabili edlule inani lamadolobha axhumene ngqo nomoya (ukuxhumana kwamadolobhana) liphindwe kabili ngenkathi ngenkathi efanayo, izindleko zokuhamba ngendiza zehle cishe isigamu.

Amazwe ayi-2014 axhumene kakhulu emhlabeni abone ukwanda okukhulu esikhathini se-2019-26. I-United States yahlala iyizwe elixhumeke kakhulu, ngokukhula ngama-62%. I-China, endaweni yesibili, ikhule ukuxhumana ngo-89%. Abanye abadlali abavelele kwabayishumi abahamba phambili kubalwa indawo yesine i-India (+ 62%) nendawo yesishiyagalolunye iThailand (+ XNUMX%).

Ucwaningo lwe-IATA luhlolisise izinzuzo zokwanda kokuxhuma komoya. Iziphetho zokuma kwaba yilezi:
 

• Ukuxhumana okuhle phakathi kokuxhuma nokukhiqiza. Ukukhuphuka kokuxhuma okungu-10%, okuhlobene ne-GDP yezwe, kuzothuthukisa amazinga okukhiqiza abasebenzi ngo-0.07%.
   
• Umthelela mkhulu emazweni asathuthuka. Ukutshalwa kwemali kumthamo wezokuthutha emoyeni emazweni lapho ukuxhumeka okwamanje kuncane kakhulu kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekuphumeleleni kwezomnotho kunezinga elifanayo lokutshalwa kwezimali ezweni elithuthukile.
   
• Imali engenayo yezokuvakasha ingabuyiswa kabusha ukuze yenze izimpahla ezinkulu. Ukuthuthwa komoya kube nomthelela emathubeni amakhulu emisebenzi kanye nasezinzuzweni ezibanzi zezomnotho ngemithelela yokuheha ezokuvakasha, ikakhulukazi eziqhingini ezincane. Emnothweni osafufusa wezimakethe, kungahle kube nokushoda kwesakhiwo, ngakho-ke imali yezokuvakasha ingavala igebe.
   
• Imali engenayo yentela ikhuphuka kusukela emisebenzini yezomnotho ethuthukisiwe. Ukuxhunywa komoya kusiza imisebenzi yezomnotho nokukhula ezweni elinikeziwe, okungaba nomthelela omuhle emalini etholwa nguhulumeni.