I-FORT LAUDERDALE - Ngomlando wokukhula okuqhubekayo, imboni yezokuvakasha yaseNyakatho Melika isesimweni esihle sokubhekana nezinselele zomnotho zomhlaba wonke zika-2009. Ishukunyiswe imikhumbi emisha, amachweba, nezindawo okuyiwa kuzo kanye nolwazi olusha lwebhodi lemikhumbi, kanye nezimpande ezijulile. ukuduma kwezokuvakasha, amalungu e-Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) azoqhubeka nokunikeza inani elimangalisayo kuwo wonke uchungechunge lwamaholide ohambo, kuzo zonke izigaba zamanani.
“Akungabazeki ukuthi u-2009 umele indawo engaqinisekile, hhayi kumalungu e-CLIA kuphela kodwa kuzo zonke izimboni nabathengi ngokufanayo. Nokho, amalungu e-CLIA anethemba lokuthi azobhekana nezinselele futhi aqhamuke eqine kakhulu kunangaphambili, njengoba enza ngaphambili. Lena imboni ehlela kusengaphambili futhi etshala izimali esikhathini esizayo, njengoba kufakazelwa isibalo esimangalisayo semikhumbi emisha ehlelekile kuze kube u-2012, futhi ezobamba iqhaza elihle ekuvuselelweni komnotho wezwe,” kusho uTerry L. Dale, umongameli kanye ne-CEO ye-CLIA. . “Ukwehlukahlukana okumangalisayo nezinhlobonhlobo zohambo lwemikhumbi kunikeza abathengi ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuthola iholidi elilingana nesabelomali sabo ngisho nangalezi zikhathi zokwehla komnotho futhi silindele ukuthi abantu baseNyakatho Melika, abaseYurophu nabavakashi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba bazosabela kahle.”
Ukukhula Kwemboni kanye Nomthelela Wezomnotho
Kusukela ngo-1980 kuze kube manje, isikhathi esihlanganisa inani lokuwohloka komnotho kanye nezingqinamba zamazwe ngamazwe, ukukhula okuphakathi konyaka kwemboni yezokuvakasha yaseNyakatho Melika kumi kumaphesenti angu-7.4. Ilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-13.2 abahambi abahamba ngomkhumbi ngo-2008, basuka ezigidini eziyi-12.56 ngo-2007. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenani labagibeli be-CLIA eliyizigidi eziyisi-7.2 ngo-2000, inani labagibeli lonyaka linyuke ngo-79% eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule. Abantu baseNyakatho Melika babalelwa ezigidini eziyi-10.15 abagibeli ngo-2007 futhi isibalo sabavakashi abasuka kwamanye amazwe sikhula ngendlela emangalisayo unyaka nonyaka. Ngekota yesithathu ka-2008, olayini be-CLIA banyuke ngamaphesenti angama-30 ngonyaka kubagibeli bamazwe ngamazwe, kanti izilinganiso zokuphela konyaka zithi izigidi ezingu-3.05 izivakashi eziphuma emazweni angaphandle zizohamba ngomkhumbi ohamba ngesikebhe ongamalungu e-CLIA omele u-23% wabagibeli bamazwe ngamazwe be-CLIA. I-CLIA iphinde yahlawumbisela ukuthi ngo-2009, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-13.5 bazohamba ngomkhumbi, okunyuke ngamaphesenti angu-2.3.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni yezokuvakasha yaseNyakatho Melika isaqhubeka nokuba negalelo elikhulu emnothweni waseMelika, ithumela izinga lokukhula komthelela womnotho wamaphesenti angaphezu kwayisithupha (2007 phezu kuka-2006). Imboni yezokuvakasha yenze izigidigidi ezingama-38 zamarandi emalini ephelele yezomnotho yase-US ngo-2007, izibalo zakamuva ezitholakalayo. Le mboni ikhiqiza ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingama-50, nokudala imisebenzi engaphezu kwezi-350,000 2007 ezweni lonke ngo-2007 kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimali okuqondile e-US ngo-18 ezimpahleni nasezinsizeni kwakungaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.9, ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-2006 ngo-XNUMX.
Ngokusho kwe-CLIA ka-2008 Cruise Market Profile, cishe abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingu-34 bahlose ukuthatha uhambo lomkhumbi phakathi neminyaka emithathu ezayo. Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-94 abo bonke abahamba ngomkhumbi balinganisela isipiliyoni sabo sohambo ngomkhumbi njengoba sanelisayo ngamaphesenti angu-44 abathi izinga eliphezulu kakhulu “Lokwanelisa Ngokwedlulele” okwenza uhambo ngomkhumbi lube phakathi kwezingcono kakhulu ekuhlanganeni futhi zeqe okulindelwe yizivakashi. Nakuba isimo esibucayi somnotho emhlabeni wonke singase sibe nomthelela ezinhlosweni zabathengi, lezi zibalo zinikeza imboni yezokuvakasha ukuzethemba ukuthi isidingo sokuhamba ngomkhumbi sizoqhubeka nokuba namandla, ngokusho kukaDale.
Imikhumbi emisha
Ngo-2009, umkhumbi we-CLIA uzokwamukela imikhumbi emisha engu-14, ngenani eliphelele lama-USD ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.8 kusukela kubagibeli abangu-82 kuya kubagibeli abangu-5,400 futhi inikeza ulwazi olubanzi lokuhamba ngomkhumbi okuhlanganisa uhambo lwasogwini nomfula, i-Caribbean kanye nohambo lwase-Europe kanye nohambo lokuya. zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Imikhumbi emisha ihlanganisa:
I-American Cruise Line: Independence, abagibeli abangu-104 (August)
AMAWATERWAYS: Nksz Amadolce, abagibeli abangu-148 (April) kanye noNksz Amalrya, abagibeli abangu-148 (ngasekupheleni kuka-2009)
I-Carnival Cruise Line: Iphupho LeCarnival, abagibeli abangu-3,646 (Septhemba)
Izikebhe Zosaziwayo: I-Celebrity Equinox, abagibeli abangu-2,850 (ehlobo)
I-Costa Cruises: I-Costa Luminosa, abagibeli abangu-2,260 (Juni) ne-Costa Pacifica, abagibeli abangu-3,000 (Juni)
I-MSC Cruises: MSC Splendida, abagibeli abangu-3,300 (Julayi)
I-Pearl Seas Cruises: I-Pearl Mist, abagibeli abangu-210 (Julayi)
I-Royal Caribbean International: I-Oasis of the Seas, abagibeli abangu-5,400 (ekwindla)
I-Seabourn Cruise Line: I-Seabourn Odyssey, abagibeli abangu-450 (Juni)
I-Silversea Cruises: I-Silver Spirit, abagibeli abangu-540 (Novemba)
Iqoqo le-Uniworld Boutique River Cruise: River Beatrice, abagibeli abangu-160 (March) kanye noMfula Tosca, abagibeli abangu-82 (April)
Njengoba le mikhumbi yengezwa ngo-2009, imikhumbi emithathu izoshiya umkhumbi we-CLIA (uzodluliselwa kwezinye izinkampani) - i-Celebrity Galaxy, i-MSC Rhapsody kanye ne-NCL's Norwegian Majesty. Ukwenyuka kwengqikithi yemikhumbi ye-CLIA ngo-2009 kuzoba nemibhede eyi-18,031, noma amaphesenti angu-6.5, ekupheleni konyaka. Ngokuhambisana nezinsuku zokulethwa komkhumbi kanye nezinsuku zokusebenza zangempela, umthamo womugqa wamalungu we-CLIA waminyaka yonke ukhuphuka ngo-4.8%.
Izimakethe zokukhula
Unyaka ozayo uzobona ukuhlukahluka okuqhubekayo kanye nokwanda komhlaba jikelele kwemisebenzi yokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Nakuba i-Caribbean, i-Alaska ne-Europe kuseyizimakethe ezihamba phambili, imigqa eminingi yamalungu e-CLIA imemezele izinhlelo zokwandisa ubukhona bayo kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, kuhlanganise ne-Asia, Canada / New England, i-Indian Ocean kanye ne-Afrika, i-Amazon neBrazil, I-Middle East kanye nezifunda zase-Arctic, kuhlanganise neNewfoundland neGreenland. EYurophu kuzoba namathuba amasha okuhamba ngomkhumbi e-UK, eScandinavia nasenyakatho yeYurophu nasempumalanga yeYurophu. Kuzoba khona ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ohambweni lwemikhumbi lomhlaba kanye nasezindleleni ze-transatlantic futhi.
Izibonelo zamachweba amasha noma asafufusa emhlabeni jikelele: i-Dubai, i-Abu Dhabi ne-Bahrain (i-Arabian Gulf); eMumbai (India); Hvar, Korcula, Sarande (Adriatic); eSihanoukville (Cambodia); Iles Des Saintes (Guadeloupe); Sylt (enyakatho Yurophu); I-Komodo (Indonesia); “Iziqhingi zase-Virgin” zasePuerto Rico; Cooper Island, Coconut Grove, Turks and Caicos (Caribbean); Rovinj (Croatia); L'Ile-Rousse (France); I-Ischia, i-Cinque Terre ne-Puglia (e-Italy); Bonne Bay (Newfoundland); Itajai, (Brazil); I-Batumi (Georgia); iMaputo (Mozambique); I-Ashidodi ne-Haifa (u-Israyeli); i-Koper (Slovenia); namanye amachweba agudla ugu lweDalmatian, eJapan naseKorea nase-Indonesia.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kubathengi abafuna inani elibalulekile iqiniso lokuthi imigqa yokuhamba ngomkhumbi engamalungu e-CLIA ihlinzeka ngohambo lomkhumbi olusuka emachwebeni asekhaya angaphezu kuka-30 agudla iMpumalanga, iNtshonalanga neGulf Coasts kanye nemifula emikhulu eCanada naseNew England nase-American Midwest naseNtshonalanga. Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu base-US bangaphakathi kwebanga lokushayela lechweba lokusuka ngomkhumbi. Lezi zikhumulo zemikhumbi “Eduze Nekhaya”, ezinikeza ikhono lokushayela ohambweni lwemikhumbi, ziphinde zimele ithuba lokonga okukhulu ngokuqeda izindleko zendiza.
Okuqanjwe kabusha kwebhodi lomkhumbi
Abavakashi abahamba ngomkhumbi bangalindela ukuvela okuqhubekayo kwezinsiza kanye nezinsiza zebhodi lemikhumbi ngonyaka ozayo, okuhlanganisa namapaki asolwandle agcwele isikali; izindawo zokungcebeleka zikanokusho ezinamasudi e-spa akhethekile; ukukhetha okukhulayo nokuguquguquka ekudleni; kanye nezinsiza, okuhlanganisa amachibi nezindawo zokungcebeleka ezinikezelwe abantu abadala, intsha noma izingane. Eminye imigqa ithuthukise noma inwetshiwe izinhlelo zegalofu eziqukethe izifundo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba futhi iningi liyaqhubeka nokudala amathuba ezivakashi ukuze zihlale “zixhumekile” ngenkathi zisolwandle, ngamakhono e-Wi-Fi nobunye ubuchwepheshe besimo sobuciko.
Amathrendi we-Cruise ongawabuka
Izithasiselo zikaphethiloli: Ngemva kokusungula izinqubomgomo ezehlukene zesithasiselo sikaphethiloli ngo-2008 ekuphenduleni ukweqa okudlulele kwamanani entengo kawoyela, iningi lamalungu e-CLIA manje seliyehlise izithasiselo zokuhamba ngomkhumbi ngo-2009 nango-2010 (imininingwane nemikhawulo iyahluka ngomugqa ngamunye).
Amaphethini wokubhuka: Nakuba ngokomlando iningi lezivakashi libhukhwa ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ezizayo, isimo somnotho samanje sisifinyezile leso sikhathi sokuhola. Ngenkathi sisabhukha iholide lokuhamba ngomkhumbi, abathengi bahlehlisa isibopho sokubhukha eduze nosuku lokuhamba ngomkhumbi
Ukunikezwa kwebhajethi: Imigqa eminingi yamalungu e-CLIA iphendule enkingeni yezomnotho ngokunikezwa okunzima ukumelana nakho namaphromoshini akhethekile. Ngokuya ngenkampani, lokhu kufaka phakathi: izinhlelo zamahhala zezingane, amanani akhethekile ochungechungeni olukhethiwe, ukunikezwa okuthuthukisiwe kwezikweletu zebhodi lomkhumbi, i-layway nezinye izinhlelo zokukhokha ezivumelana nezimo, imali yendiza yamahhala kanye/noma uhambo lolwandle, izidingo zediphozithi ezilungisiwe, izinhlinzeko ezikhethekile zokubhuka zeqembu elincane, kanye izinqubomgomo zokukhansela ezikhululekile.
Ukuthola abagibeli bamazwe ngamazwe: Isibalo sabagibeli bemikhumbi abavela kwamanye amazwe emigwaqweni yamalungu e-CLIA senyuke ngamaphesenti angama-30 unyaka nonyaka ngekota yesi-3 ka-2008. Isilinganiso se-CLIA sango-2007 siwukuthi irekhodi elingu-18.4% labavakashi lizovela ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwemikhumbi yemikhumbi e-Europe, emele imakethe enkulu ekhulayo, kanye nesimo jikelele sokuhamba ngomkhumbi emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuhluke ngomugqa, sekukonke, imakethe yomthombo wabagibeli yamazwe ngamazwe ephezulu yi-Europe, amazwe ahamba phambili e-Europe okuyi-UK, Germany, Italy ne-Spain.
Ukuba luhlaza: Njengoba kwethulwa imikhumbi emisha, imigqa yamalungu e-CLIA isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva nje ukukhiqiza imikhumbi ehambisana nemvelo. Ngisho nasemikhunjini emidala, yonke imizamo yenziwa imigqa eminingi ukuze kugcinwe izinsiza nokusetshenziswa kabusha. Phakathi kwezinhlelo nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo: ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile okuthuthukisiwe, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya, ukukhanya kwe-LED, amandla elanga, izinto zikagesi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, amafasitela azonga ugesi, imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha, "i-Eco-speed" nezinye izimbobo ze-hull ezihambisana nemvelo, eziphansi. izibaso zesulfure, udwendwe lwemfucuza eqinile newuketshezi, izinhlelo zokufundisa ngokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukongiwa kukaphethiloli, ukuphathwa kwemikhiqizo yokudla kanye nezinye izinhlelo.
Ukwanda kokugxila emndenini nasekuhambeni kwamazwe amaningi: Imikhumbi ye-CLIA yathwala izingane ezilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-1.6 ngo-2008; imigqa eminingi ibika ukuthi lezo zinombolo ziyanda, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokukhula kokubhuka okuhlukahlukene. Ukwanda kwemindeni ehamba ngomkhumbi ndawonye kubonakala nakweminye imizila yezikebhe eyisipesheli, okuhlanganisa nokuhamba ngomkhumbi ogwini nasemfuleni. Imindeni ithatha izinkambo eziningi futhi empeleni, inhlolovo yakamuva ye-CLIA ithole ukuthi cishe ingxenye (amaphesenti angu-46) yemindeni ithathe uhambo lwemikhumbi emibili kuya kwemine nezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwe-18; Amaphesenti angu-15.2 athathe izikebhe ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, kanti amaphesenti angu-4.8 athathe ngaphezu kweshumi. Imindeni ihlale icaphuna inani elivelele njengesizathu sayo sokuthatha uhambo. Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-83 athi amaholide okuvakasha mahle kakhulu noma anenani elihle kakhulu. Futhi, intengo ilungile. Kubo bonke abahamba ngomkhumbi emindenini, abangamaphesenti angama-73.4 bathi uhambo lwabo lokugcina beluyinani elifanayo noma ngaphansi kweholide leholide, cishe abangamaphesenti angama-50 bethi uhambo lomkhumbi belubiza kancane noma lungabizi kakhulu.
Imakethe yezokuvakasha yeqembu ekhulayo: Nakuba kuseyiphesenti elincane lokuhamba ngomkhumbi, imigqa eminingi ibika ukwanda emakethe yamaqembu, okugqugquzelwa ukuhamba kwamantombazane amaningi, ukukhishwa kwamantombazane/“ubudoda,” amaqembu omphakathi kanye nezenhlalo kanye nokuyenga, inani elengeziwe. izinqubomgomo zeqembu ezinikezwa imigqa eminingi yokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-travel agents: Naphezu, futhi ngandlela thize ngenxa ye-inthanethi, abavakashi abahamba ngomkhumbi bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa ama-travel agents. Embonini yonke, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 azo zonke izikebhe zithengiswa ngama-travel agents, iningi lawo ngamalungu e-CLIA kanye ne-CLIA-certified. Eminye imigqa ibika ukuthi ukubhukha kwama-ejenti kufinyelela kumaphesenti angama-97 ako konke ukubhukha.
Ngezansi kukhona amathrendi nokuqashelwa okusekelwe ezimpendulweni ezitholwe yi-CLIA ocwaningweni lwama-travel agents angaphezu kuka-900 olwenziwe ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Phakathi kokutholakele:
Ngaphandle kwesimo somnotho esikhona, amaphesenti angama-92 ama-travel agents azwakalisa ithemba ngokudayiswa ngomkhumbi lapho ebheke phambili eminyakeni emithathu ezayo.
Ngaphezu kwesigamu (amaphesenti angu-52) alindele ukuthengiswa kwe-cruise ngo-2009 ukuba "kuhle" noma "kuhle kakhulu" uma kuqhathaniswa no-2008 kanti amanye ama-28% alindele inkathi yokuthengisa ngomkhumbi "elungile".
Mayelana nentshisekelo yomthengi kanye nenani elibonakalayo, uhambo ngomkhumbi ludlula zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokuvakasha.
Phakathi kwezindawo abenzeli bezokuvakasha abakholelwa ukuthi zizothola ukubhukha okuningi kulo nyaka yi-The Caribbean/The Bahamas, kulandele i-Alaska, i-Europe/I-Mediterranean, ne-Mexico.
Ngokwesilinganiso esikhulu, isikhuthazi esiyinhloko sokubhuka kwabathengi uhambo ngomkhumbi phakathi nenkathi kaJanuwari “Inkathi Yegagasi” yinhle ngokwedlulele inani elimangalisayo elinikezwa imigqa yokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Okwesibili uthando lwabathengi lokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Mayelana ne-CLIA
Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ye-Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) iyinhlangano yezimboni ezinkulu kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika. I-CLIA imele izintshisakalo zamalungu emigqa engama-23 futhi ibamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokulawula kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo kuyilapho isekela izinyathelo ezikhuthaza indawo ephephile, evikelekile nenempilo yomkhumbi wokuhamba ngomkhumbi. I-CLIA iphinde ibambe iqhaza ekuqeqesheni ama-ejenti wezokuvakasha, ucwaningo kanye nokuxhumana kwezokukhangisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubaluleka nokufiseleka kwamaholide okuvakasha futhi ibalwa njengamalungu ezinhlangano zezokuvakasha eziyi-16,000. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe nge-CLIA, imboni ye-cruise, kanye ne-CLIA-member cruise lines kanye ne-ejensi yokuhamba, vakashela ku-www.cruising.org.
