(eTN) – Uma kungenjalo ngempi eqhubekayo, manje esengaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, i-Iraq kungenzeka ukuthi ingenisa amanxiwa ayo – amanxiwa asendulo, avubukuli, okungukuthi, ukuze kuzuze ezokuvakasha. Kunezindawo zemivubukulo ezingu-10,000 ezihlakazeke ezizungeze iBabiloni lanamuhla.
Kodwa njengoba impi yezibhamu echitha igazi iqhubeka, izimpawu zezwe zendabuko, zomlando zingaphansi kosongo-zilahlekelwa inani futhi zilahlekelwa abashushumbisi. Amagugu ayigugu yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu zamaSulumane eSamarra nase-Ukhaidir, inqaba yamaSulumane eduze kwaseKarbala. Izindawo ezindala zifaka amanxiwa avela empucukweni yaseSumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Parthian kanye neSassanian. Kukhona nezindawo ezingcwele zamaJuda, kanye nezindawo zobuKristu uhulumeni azama ukuzivikela. Ngokuphangwa kwezindawo zemivubukulo eSouthern Iraq, ukulawula izinto zakudala kuwumsebenzi onzima ngempela. Iningi lezindawo eziseSifundazweni sase-Dhi Qar ezangaphambi kobuSulumane, ezisukela ku-3200 BC kuya ku-500 AD. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezidlamlilo zamaSulumane kanye nokuphangwa kwezindawo zemivubukulo yangaphambi kwe-Islamic sekuyisikhathi eside kusolwa, kodwa kube nzima ukufakazela.
Noma ngabe isithombe sibukeka sisibi kangakanani, u-Bahaa Mayah, umeluleki kangqongqoshe woMnyango Wezokuvakasha Nezinto Zasendulo, ubheka ikusasa lezokuvakasha nokuphromotha kahle, uma kuphela amasayithi anikezwa isivikelo.
“Isizinda sempucuko yasendulo sinezindawo okungezona eze-Iraq kuphela kodwa ezomhlaba wonke,” kusho uMayah, enezela, “Naphezu kwesimo sezokuphepha esikhona manje; singaheha izivakashi ezimbalwa ngokushintshashintsha kwezokuvakasha zenkolo, okuhlukile kwezokuvakasha zesizini eSaudi Arabia okuncike kuHajj kanye ne-Umrah. Sifuna ezokuvakasha unyaka wonke ezisebenza ngaphakathi nangaphandle.”
Uma sicabanga ukuthi kunamaShiite ayizigidi ezingama-200 i-Iraq engawathinta, uMayah ucabanga ukuthi badinga ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo kuphela ukuze ibhola ligingqike. Isikhumulo sezindiza enkabeni ye-Iraq esisebenzela amadolobha amathathu abalulekile iKarbala, Najaf kanye neHela noma i-Babylonia singavusa ukugcwala kwabantu. Akudingekile ukuba kube yisimanjemanje. Umzila wesitimela olula onetheminali eyenziwe ngamafreyimu ensimbi njengale eseSulaymania, ethola izindiza ezivela e-Iran nakwamanye amazwe asempumalanga ye-Saudi Arabia, i-Bahrain, i-Kuwait, i-Pakistan, i-Lebanon ne-Syria, izokwenza okwesikhashana.
“Ukuvakasha kwezenkolo kungaba yinto ehamba phambili. Kuzophinde kuthuthukiswe ezokuphepha kuleli, kube kuqukethe abaphehla udlame,” usho kanje. Ngaphandle kwezinselelo zokuphepha, umeluleki wezokuvakasha ukholelwa ukuthi izwe lingakhiqiza amathuba futhi linikele umhlaba ekutshalweni kwezimali. Nokho uthe, “Asinazo izinsiza, amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela, zonke ezicekelwe phansi yimpi namuhla. Uma ukuthula sekufinyelelwe, singathuthukisa ezokuvakasha ngokusebenzisa imivubukulo, inkolo namasiko ahlukahlukene.” Ukuvakasha kwezenkolo ngeke kubhekelele amaShiites namaSunni kuphela njengoba i-Iraq inezindawo ezihlukene ezingcwele kusukela ku-Islamic, Christian to Judaic.
I-Iraq izosebenzisa ezokuvakasha ukunciphisa ukuncika kukawoyela ngamaphesenti angama-95. UMayah uthe i-Iraq ingakhuthaza abantu abasha ukuthi bathathe umsebenzi wezokuvakasha. “Ukudala amathuba emisebenzi kuzosiza ukulwa nobushokobezi, kunqanyulwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwalabo abaphelelwe yithemba nabaxova intsha ukuthi ihlasele ngoba ikholwa wukuthi akukho okuzoyilahlekela. Uma sibanikeza ikusasa - imisebenzi, umnotho osebenzayo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ukuze babe ngabanikazi noma baziphathe bazoba neqhaza kwezokuvakasha. Singakwazi ukukhiqiza izigidi e-Iraq ngokufaka imali encane kwingqalasizinda kuphela. "
Njengoba umbuso owile owathatha iminyaka engama-35, i-Iraq yahlala ingumphakathi ovaliwe ongakwazi ukuxhumana nomhlaba. Ngemuva kuka-1991, i-embargo yase-Iraq yabangela ukuthi abantu noma izinsiza ezibonakalayo zisetshenziswe noma zigcinwe. “Njengoba sibhekene nalobu bunzima namuhla, sinezinto ezimbili esingakhetha kuzo: noma sihlale phansi, silinde singenzi lutho kuze kufike ukuthula. Noma sithuthukisa umkhakha ngokuchitha isikhathi nomzamo ekuthuthukiseni izinsiza zethu zabasebenzi namuhla. Umnyombo walolu daba wukuthi asinabo abantu abangochwepheshe kulo mkhakha,” kusho uMayah engeza ngokuthi ezokuvakasha namuhla zisezingeni eliphindwe ngekhulu kunezokuvakasha eminyakeni engu-50 edlule. Isidingo esisodwa esisobala - ochwepheshe kuyo yonke imikhakha yemboni. "Amazwe anobungane noma abambisene nathi kufanele babone ukuthi yilokhu esikudingayo manje ukwedlula noma yini ekusizeni."
“Ezokuvakasha kumele zibukwe njengengxenye yempi yokulwa namaphekula. Ukukhiqiza imisebenzi kuzosiza ukulwa nobushokobezi,” kusho uMayah ecela umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ukuthi ungenelele usungule isikhwama sakhe izikhungo zokuqeqesha abantu base-Iraq. “Njengamanje sinezikole ezimbili kuphela, esinye siseBaghdad esinye siseMosul. Ngokudabukisayo, eyaseBaghdad yayiyizisulu zamaphekula (owabulala inxusa le-UN uFrank De Melo ekuqhumeni kokuzibulala kweloli endlunkulu). Kudingeka sivuselele lezi zikhungo futhi sakhe izifundo ezithuthukile zokwethula ama-Iraqis emakethe, "esho, ethi isikhungo sezokuvakasha kwezenkolo sizobaluleka, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali emazweni angomakhelwane.
Ngaphezu kukaMayah, omakhelwane bama-Arab, bethonywe umcabango wezombangazwe, bangathanda ukubona i-Iraq isekelwa amaShiite. “Bangathanda ukusibona siyilungisa le nto; ukuthi bonke abantu base-Iraqi babe nomgomo owodwa, obumbene wezepolitiki; nokuthi siqeda lokhu kungqubuzana maduze. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho sizobona ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokuvakasha kugeleza ngokukhululeka e-Iraq, ”uvale.
