COPENHAGEN - Ukumemezela "indaba yokusinda," elinye lamazwe amancane kakhulu emhlabeni, elikhulumela iziqhingi ezisengozini yonke indawo, lithathe amandla omhlaba wezimboni kanye nowoyela ngoLwesithathu engqungqutheleni yesimo sezulu ye-UN - futhi yalahleka.
“Nkosikazi Mengameli, umhlaba usibhekile. Isikhathi sokuzindela sesiphelile,” kusho u-Ian Fry, isihambeli sesifunda saseTuvalu esimaphakathi nePacific, njengoba ecela engqungqutheleni ephelele ukuthi kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kunalokho okucatshangwayo.
Ukwenqatshwa kukhombisa ukuhlukana kwabacebile nabampofu okusibekele ingqungquthela, iqiniso osekuvele kwaholela ukuthi ezinye iziqhingi zicabangele ukufuduka uma kwenzeka izinyathelo zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nesimo sezulu zigcina sezingaphumeleli.
Ngokukhethekile, uTuvalu ucele ukuchibiyela isivumelwano sesimo sezulu se-UN sango-1992 ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, okujule kakhulu kunalokho amandla amakhulu akucabangayo.
Lesi sichibiyelo ngabe sibophezele amazwe omhlaba ukuthi agcine ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke - ukwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa okuhambisana nokukhuphuka kwezilwandle - kuya ku-1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) ngaphezu kwamazinga angaphambi kwezimboni. Lokho nje kungu-0.75 degrees C (1.35 degrees F) ngaphezu kokunyuka kuze kube manje. Amazwe anothile ahlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi okungakhawulela ukufudumala kufike ku-2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F).
Futhi ngabe yenza izilawuli ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli okubophezelayo okubophezele ngokusemthethweni e-US nase-China, e-India kanye namanye amazwe asathuthuka kuze kube manje angakaze abhekane nalezi zibopho.
I-gambit kaTuvalu, esekelwe yiGrenada, iSolomons nezinye izifunda zaseziqhingini ngamunye ngamunye phansi kwe-Cavernous Bella Center, yabhekana ngokushesha nokuphikiswa okuqinile okuvela e-Saudi Arabia eyisikhondlakhondla sikawoyela, esingalinyazwa ukuhlehla okubukhali ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli, kanye naseChina. kanye neNdiya. Ithimba laseMelika lahlala lithule.
UConnie Hedegaard, umongameli wengqungquthela waseDenmark, uthe isinqumo sakhe mayelana nalesi siphakamiso sizoba “nzima kakhulu kodwa futhi sibe lula kakhulu,” ngoba isenzo sokuqhubekisela phambili lesi siphakamiso bekuzodinga ukugunyazwa kwesivumelwano. Wenqabile ukulidlulisela “eqenjini lokuxhumana,” isinyathelo esilandelayo kule nqubo.
“Lena yindaba yokuziphatha,” kuphikisa uFry. "Akumele lisahlehliswa."
Kamuva ngoLwesithathu, amakhulu ezishisekeli zesimo sezulu ezisakhula emhlabeni wonke, ecula “Tuvalu! Thula!” nethi “Lalela iziqhingi!” baphithizela ehholo lengqungquthela ngesikhathi abaseMelika kanye nezinye izithunywa zingena esimisweni santambama.
Umdonsiswano omangazayo mayelana nezindaba eziyisisekelo ufike osukwini lwesithathu lwengqungquthela yamasonto amabili, obekulindeleke kakhulu ukuthi ukhiqize into engcono kunesivumelwano sezepolitiki sokunciphisa igesi - okuyisibopho emazweni ezimboni, ngokuzithandela eChina nakwamanye amazwe asafufusa umnotho - ukuthi senziwa ngokusemthethweni ezweni. isivumelwano ngonyaka ozayo.
Lokho kwehliswa kuzothatha indawo yesabelo esibekelwe amazwe athuthukile angama-37 yi-Kyoto Protocol ka-1997, ephelelwa yisikhathi ngo-2012. I-US yasichitha isivumelwano sase-Kyoto.
Isiphetho sengqungquthela yase-Copenhagen siza ngasekupheleni kwesonto elizayo lapho uMengameli u-Barack Obama kanye nabanye abaholi bakazwelonke abangaphezu kwe-100 behlangana enhlokodolobha yase-Denmark ngamahora okugcina ezingxoxo ezingase zishube, nezingaconsi phansi.
I-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, inethiwekhi yesayensi exhaswe yi-UN, ithi ulwandle lukhuphuka cishe ngamamilimitha angu-3 (0.12 amayintshi) ngonyaka. Isimo sayo esibi kakhulu sibona ulwandle lukhuphuka okungenani ngamasentimitha angu-60 (2 amafidi) ngo-2100, kusukela ekwandeni kokushisa nokugeleza kweqhwa elincibilikile. Ososayensi baseBrithani bayaqaphela ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi kwamanje kufana nesimo esibi kakhulu se-IPCC.
Izinga lolwandle elinjalo likhuphuka ikakhulukazi lisongela amazwe eziqhingini eziphansi, njengeTuvalu neKiribati ePacific, kanye neMaldives e-Indian Ocean.
"Amasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha angenza umehluko omkhulu ngempela endaweni efana neKiribati," kusho uchwepheshe wezokuphathwa kogu lwase-Australia uRobert Kay ngoLwesithathu ethula inkulumo eceleni kwengqungquthela yaseCopenhagen. U-Kay ubonise ukuqagela kokudlula kwesikhathi kokuthi ulwandle luzodla kanjani eziqhingini eziwumngcingo - ngezinye izikhathi ezingamamitha angu-200 - njengeTarawa eKiribati.
Sekuqalile kakade eKiribati, lapho abantu baseziqhingini bezabalaza ukusindisa imigwaqo, izindlu nezakhiwo zomphakathi “ekuhlaseleni kwenkosi” okusongelayo njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Imithombo yabo isiqalile ukuphenduka ingxubevange yamanzi olwandle. Idolobhana elilodwa lishiywe emanzini afika okhalweni, kusho isikhulu sethimba laseKiribati, uBetarim Rimon, etshela i-Associated Press.
Ngaphandle kwezindonga zasolwandle nezinye izindlela ezisheshayo, uthe, abaholi bezwe leziqhingi banohlelo “lwesikhathi esimaphakathi,” lokugxilisa abantu babo abangu-110,000 eziqhingini ezintathu ezizokwakhiwa phezulu ngosizo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Abantu manje bahlala kuma-atoll angama-32 asakazwa ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezi-2 olwandle.
"Akekho kuleli gumbi ongafuna ukushiya izwe lakubo," unobhala wezangaphandle waseKiribati, uTessie Lambourne, etshela umcimbi oseceleni. “Ukuxhumana kwethu ngokomoya nokhokho bethu. Asifuni ukushiya izwe lakithi.”
Kodwa "uma kufanele sihambe, asifuni ukuhamba njengababaleki bezemvelo," kusho uLambourne, ebhekisela ohlelweni lwesikhathi eside lokuthola izakhamuzi zaseKiribati eziqeqeshelwe ukufuduka njengabasebenzi abanamakhono. Ngosizo lwase-Australia, i-40 i-Kiribati, njengoba bebizwa kanjalo, ifundiswa njengabahlengikazi unyaka ngamunye e-Australia.
Ngokufanayo, abaholi baseTuvalu, isizwe esinabantu abangu-10,000 XNUMX, babheke esikhathini esizayo, befuna imvume yokuhlalisa kabusha abantu baseTuvalu e-Australia.
IGreenpeace ibiphakathi kwezinhlangano zezemvelo ezibhikishela ukwenqaba kwangoLwesithathu isicelo saseTuvalu sohlelo lokunciphisa ukungcola.
"Isivumelwano esibophezelayo kuphela esinganikeza la mazwe ithemba lokuthi ikusasa lawo liqinisekisiwe," kusho uMartin Kaiser weGreenpeace.
Kodwa ososayensi bathi ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kakade "kusendleleni" - efudumeza umoya kancane kancane - iqinisekisa ukuthi iziqhingi eziphansi kanye nogu, njenge-Bangladesh, zizobhekana nokukhukhulwa kwamagagasi kanye neziphepho ezinamandla.
Izilwandle ezikhuphukayo zisongela ugu yonke indawo kodwa, izakhamuzi zakulesi siqhingi ziphawula, ohulumeni ababhekene nezindawo ezisengozini njengesiqhingi saseLower Manhattan neShanghai banemali nezinsiza zokuzivikela ekukhuphukeni okubi kakhulu kokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Omunye umbono uvele ku-Fred Smith we-Competitive Enterprise Institute, i-Washington free market think tank ethi izinyathelo ze-US kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe zokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli zizolimaza kakhulu umnotho. Ukholelwa ukuthi ingcebo ekhohlisayo iwukusekela okungcono kakhulu kweziqhingi.
"Uma kugxilwa kuleli khulu leminyaka ekudalweni kwengcebo, iziqhingi zizobe sezilungele kangcono izingozi uma zenzeka," esho ocingweni oluvela eWashington.
