Izindiza zezindiza zase-Asia zithola amaphakheji okusiza eziphathimandleni zase-Asia

Izindiza zezindiza zase-Asia zibhekene nezikhathi ezimnyama, yize zinezikhundla ezinamandla ukwedlula ozakwabo baseMelika noma baseYurophu. E-Asia, ukuncintisana kuhlala kungathuthukisiwe kahle kunaseYurophu noma e-USA njengoba ohulumeni abaningi abanjengo China PRC, Japan, Korea, Indonesia noma iVietnam beqhubeka nokuvikela izindiza zabo. Kepha kulokhu, i-Asia egxile ekuthekelweni iyabuzwa futhi ubuhlungu.

Ngokolwazi lwakamuva oluvela ku-Association of Asia Pacific Airlines (AAPA), ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala zika-2009 zehla ukugcwala kwabagibeli bamazwe ngamazwe ngamaphesenti angu-9.6 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sangonyaka odlule. Kulo lonke elase-Asia, izinkampani zezindiza zaxosha izindiza, zanciphisa amaza kanye nabasebenzi abadilizwayo. Nokho, lezi zinyathelo azibonakali zanele ukumelana nesiphepho esikhona manje.

Kodwa-ke, izikhumulo zezindiza kanye nohulumeni baqala ukungenelela ukuhlanganisa lo mkhakha nokusiza izindiza ezigulayo. Izithuthi ezinkulu zaseChina naseJapan sezivele zicele usizo kuhulumeni wazo.

E-China, umkhakha wezokuthutha emoyeni ulahlekelwe ngaphezu kuka-US $ 277 million ngo-2008. NgoMeyi 13, iChina Eastern yaqinisekisa ukuthi ithole umjovo kahulumeni wemali engu- $ 290 million waseMelika. "Le mali izonciphisa ubunzima bezezimali ebesibhekene nabo," kusho uLiu Jiangbo, iphini likamengameli wenkampani yabazali iChina Eastern Air Holding Co, ngokusho kwesitatimende.

USihlalo we-Air China uKong Dong naye kubikwa ukuthi ucele ngoMashi umjovo wemali ongangezigidi ezingama-US $ 440 kanti iChina Southern icela uhulumeni imali engango-US $ 330 million.

Phakathi kwezinyathelo zakamuva ezithathiwe ukuvuselela ithrafikhi ukuvulwa kwemizila yomoya phakathi kweTaiwan ne-Mainland China ngemuva kokuphazamiseka kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka. Kwaqalwa ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule ngezinsizakalo ezingaba yikhulu ngesonto, abaxoxisana baseChina nabaseTaiwan basanda kuvuma ukusikhulisa lesi sivumelwano siye ezinsizakalweni zamasonto onke ezingama-100 ezixhumanisa amadolobha angama-270 eChina nezikhumulo zezindiza ezintathu zaseTaiwan njalo. Kungasiza ukukhiqiza ukugeleza okusha kwabagibeli abayizigidi ezintathu kuya kwezihlanu ngonyaka ngaphesheya kweTaiwan Straits.

E-Japan, uhulumeni usevele ukhombisile ukuthi uzimisele ukuhlinzeka ngemalimboleko enenzalo ephansi kwa-Air Nippon Airways kanye ne-Japan Air Lines (JAL), uma kunesidingo, esebenzisa ithuluzi lakhe lokuxhasa ngezimali, i-Development Bank of Japan (DBJ). I-JAL ibheka imali ebolekiwe yama-US$2 billion. I-Scheduled Airlines Association isanda kwenza isiphakamiso kuMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-Japan uchungechunge lwezinguquko ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zendiza ukuya nokubuya ezweni. Izohlanganisa ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zokufika kanye nezindleko zesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nokususa imikhawulo yezikhala ezikhungweni zezindiza ezinkulu. Ukuvulwa kwemizila yezindiza ezimbili kuzo zombili izikhumulo zezindiza i-Tokyo Haneda ne-Narita kanye nesikhumulo sezindiza esisha e-Ibaraki, amakhilomitha ayi-100 eNyakatho ye-Tokyo, ngonyaka ozayo kuzosiza ukuvuselela izimakethe zezindiza ngokwethula ukuncintisana okwengeziwe.

Iziphathimandla zaseJapan sezivele zibonise izimpawu zokuzivumelanisa nezimo. ICebu Pacific, okuwukuphela komphathi wezindleko eziphansi ovunyelwe kuze kube manje eJapan, muva nje ithole imvume yeJapan Civil Aviation Board ukuthi isuse ngokuphelele imali ekhokhwayo emzileni wayo waseManila-Osaka, okuhumushela lapho ekwehlisweni kwemali yokugibela engaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-45.

Izikhumulo zezindiza sezethule nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokukhuthaza ukugcina ibhizinisi. Isikhumulo sezindiza saseSingapore iChangi kube yiso esisheshayo ukusabela. NgoDisemba 2008, i-Civil Aviation Authority yaseSingapore (i-CAAS) yanquma ukunweba i- “Air Hub Development Fund” yayo, yengeza ngoFebhuwari enye imali eyizigidi ezingama- $ 50 ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhweba. Ngesabelomali sezigidi ezingama-US $ 138 million, isikhwama manje sesinikeza isaphulelo samaphesenti angama-20 kwizintela njengoba isaphulelo semali yokuthola imali sinyuswe sisuka kumaphesenti ayi-15 saya kumaphesenti angama-25. I-CAAS ibuye isebenzisane ne-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) ukuhlela kabusha ithrafikhi yezindiza isuka eYurophu idlula iBay of Bengal ngemizamo yokunciphisa isiminyaminya kanye nokubambezeleka okubizayo. I-CAAS ilinganisela ukuthi uhlelo olusha lokuphathwa kwezimoto luzosiza ukonga izinkampani zezindiza ezinye zezigidi ezingama-US $ 30 ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.

Naphezu kosizo, ithrafikhi yehle eSingapore ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-12 ngaphezu kwekota yokuqala ka-2009. Okukhathaza kakhulu, isikhumulo sezindiza silahlekelwe kule minyaka emithathu edlule inani eliphezulu labathwali baseYurophu okubandakanya amagama ahlonishwayo njengeSAS Scandinavian Airlines futhi, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, IsiSwitzerland.

Ngokuqhathanisa, Isiphathimandla Sezikhumulo Sezindiza saseHong Kong kunalokho singafaneleka njengamahloni ngephakethe losizo lama-US $ 58 wezigidi ukusiza izindiza nabanye opharetha ibhizinisi labo eHong Kong International Airport (HKIA) elithinteke kabi ngenxa yokwehla komnotho emhlabeni. Iphakethe losizo liqukethe ukwehliswa ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kwemali yokufika neyokupaka izindiza kanye nezinkokhelo ezingama-US $ 32.5 million ezingenayo inzalo, ezihlehlisiwe.

E-Thailand, Izikhumulo Zezindiza ZaseThailand (AoT), isiphathimandla esiphethe iBangkok, iChiang Mai, iPhuket neHat Yai, sabona ukwehla kwezimoto ngamaphesenti ayi-16 kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Esikhumulweni sezindiza saseBangkok International, ithrafikhi yehle ngamaphesenti ayi-11.5. Izinto ezithwalayo zilahlekelwe ngamaphoyinti angama-30 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule njengoba iThailand ibikhungethwe ukungazinzi kwezepolitiki kusukela ekwindla edlule. I-AoT bese ithathe isinqumo sokwehlisa ukwehla kwezimoto ngezikhuthazo ezintsha zokugcina izinkampani zezindiza zisebenza. Ngo-Ephreli 23, ibhodi yabaqondisi be-AoT yehlise imali yokufika ngamanye amaphesenti ayi-10 kusukela ngoMeyi 1 kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka. Kusukela manje, izinkampani zezindiza zizojabulela isaphulelo sika-30% esikhundleni sesaphulelo esingu-20% esitholakala kusukela ngoFebhuwari. Imali yokupaka izindiza nayo izokhishwa kuze kuphele unyaka.

UMengameli we-AOT uSerirat Prasutanond utshele iBangkok Post, ukuthi i-AoT ingenza ezinye izindlela zokusiza izindiza. Ngo-2009, i-AoT ilindele ukuthi abagibeli abadlula ezikhumulweni zezindiza zayo bawe cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-15.

Ngisho neziphathimandla zezokundiza eVietnam zinqume ukusabela. Basanda kusebenzisa uchungechunge lokubanjwa kwentela, okuhlanganisa ukuhlehlisa ukukhokhwa kwentela yemali engenayo. Emzamweni wokuvikela abathwali baseVietnam - futhi ikakhulukazi inkampani yenkampani yezindiza iVietnam Izindiza- I-Civil Aviation Authority yase-Viet Nam (CAAV) ngeke inikeze amalayisensi noma yiziphi izinkampani zezindiza ezintsha kuze kube ngu-2015 ngenhloso esemthethweni yezindawo zezindiza ezinomkhawulo kanye nokuntuleka kwabasebenzi abanekhono. Njengamanje, izindiza ezinhlanu zibhalisiwe ezweni. Lezi yiVietnam Airlines, Jetstar Pacific, VietJet Air, Indochina Airlines kanye neMekong Airlines.