Ukwahluka kweLambda: Umuthi wokuvikela umuthi futhi uthelelana ngokwengeziwe?

1. Ukwehluka kweLambda kudonse amehlo njengobungozi obusha obungahle bube khona ekuthuthukiseni ubhadane lwe-COVID-19
2. Ukwehluka kwe-Lambda kwe-coronavirus, okutholwe okokuqala ePeru ngoDisemba, kungenzeka ukuthi kuncipha, kodwa futhi kunethuba lokubangela isifo esibi kakhulu uma kungayekwa. Amacala atholakale eTexas naseNingizimu Carolina, futhi kuma-81% amacala atholakala ePeru.
3. Ukwahluka kweLambda inezinguquko ezithinta umuthi wokugoma.

Izinguquko ezimbili kuhlobo lweLambda — i-T76I ne-L452Q — ziyenza itheleleke kakhulu kunokwehluka kwe-COVID okudlule emhlabeni ngo-2020

Iziphetho zocwaningo zihambisane nokutholwe yithimba laseChile elithole ukuthi okwehlukile nakho kungagwema amasosha omuthi wokugoma, kubika iChile Infection Control.

Lo mbiko awukabuyekezwa ontanga.

Ukwahluka kwe-COVID-19 okukhombisa ukumelana nemithi yokugoma kugcina ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, izikhulu zezempilo yomphakathi, kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo ezinhlokweni eziphambili zesifo se-COVID-19 ebusuku.

Yini i-Lambda ehlukile ngokwesifundo esivela eChile?

Background Umugqa wozalo osanda kuchazwa we-SARS-CoV-2 C.37 usanda kubekwa njengokwehluka kwentshisekelo yi-WHO (ukwahluka kweLambda) ngokuya ngamazinga ayo aphezulu okusakazwa emazweni aseNingizimu Melika kanye nokuba khona kwezinguquko ezibucayi kwiprotheni ye-spike. Umthelela walezi zinguquko ekungeneni ekuguleni nasekuphunyukeni kwamasosha omzimba kusuka kuma-antibodies angenangqondo awaziwa ngokuphelele.

izindlela Senze i-pseudotyped virus neutralization assay futhi sanquma umthelela wokuhluka kweLambda ekutheleleni nasekuphunyukeni kwamasosha omzimba sisebenzisa amasampula e-plasma avela kubasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo (i-HCW) abavela ezikhungweni ezimbili eSantiago, eChile abathole uhlelo lwemithamo emibili yomuthi wokugomela amagciwane ongasebenzi i-CoronaVac.

Imiphumela:
 Sibone ukwanda kokungenwa yisifo phakathi komklamo weLambda spike protein owawuphakeme kakhulu kunalowo we-D614G (lineage B) noma okwehlukile kwe-Alpha neGamma. Uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwe-Wild (uhlu lozalo A), ukungathathi hlangothi kwehliswe ngo-3.05-fold for the Lambda variant while it was 2.33-fold for the Gamma variant and 2.03-fold for the Alpha variant.

iziphetho Imiphumela yethu ikhombisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa okukhona kuphrotheni ye-spike ye-Lambda okuhlukile kwenzalo kunika ukwanda kokutheleleka kanye nokubalekela amasosha omzimba ekunciphiseni amasosha omzimba afunwa yiCoronaVac. Le mininingwane iqinisa umqondo wokuthi imikhankaso emikhulu yokugoma emazweni anokusakazwa okuphezulu kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kufanele ihambisane nokuqapha okuqinile kwe-genomic okuvumela ukukhonjwa kwama-isolates amasha athwala ukuguqulwa kwama-spike kanye nezifundo ze-immunology okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola umthelela walokhu kuguqulwa ekuphunyukeni kwamagciwane futhi intuthuko yokugoma.

Ukuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo zokukhathazeka ze-SARS-CoV-2 kube wuphawu lwesifo i-COVID-19 ngo-2021.

Uhlu lukaSARS-CoV-2 olusanda kwabelwa u-C.37 lusanda kubekwa njengoluhlukile lwentshisekelo yi-WHO ngoJuni 14^th futhi ichazwe njengokuhlukahluka kweLambda. Ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo olusha kubikwe emazweni angaphezu kwama-20 kusukela ngoJuni 2021 lapho kutholakala khona ukulandelana okuningi okuvela emazweni aseNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi eChile, ePeru, e-Ecuador nase-Argentina⁵. Lokhu kwahlukahluka kwentshisekelo kubonakaliswa ngokuba khona kokususwa okuguqukayo kufuzo le-ORF1a (Δ3675-3677) esivele lichazwe kuzinhlobonhlobo zokukhathazeka zeBeta neGamma nezinguquko Δ246-252, G75V, T76I, L452Q, F490S, T859N ku spike amaprotheni⁶. Umthelela walezi zinguquko ze-spike ekutheleleni kanye nasekubalekeleni kuma-antibodies enza amandla awaziwa ngokuphelele.

IChile njengamanje ibhekene nohlelo olukhulu lokugoma. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yomphakathi evela eMnyangweni Wezempilo waseChile kusukela ngoJuni 27^th Ama-2021, i-65.6% yabantu ababhekisiwe (abaneminyaka eyi-18 nangaphezulu) bathole uhlelo oluphelele lokugoma⁷. Iningi labantu (78.2%) labantu abagonywe ngokuphelele bathole uhlelo lwemithamo emibili yomuthi wokugomela amagciwane ongasebenzi i-CoronaVac, obekuke kwabikwa phambilini ukuthi ikhipha amasosha omzimba athena amandla kepha ezingeni eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-plasma noma i-sera evela kubantu abalulamileyo.

Lapha, sisebenzise i-pseudotyped virus neutralization assay yethu echazwe ngaphambilini¹² ukunquma umthelela wokuhlukahluka kweLambda kuzimpendulo ezilwa namagciwane ezingathathi hlangothi eziphakanyiswe ngumuthi wokugomela igciwane ongasebenzi weCoronaVac. Imininingwane yethu ikhombisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa okukhona kuphrotheni ye-spike ye-Lambda variant confer kwande ukungatheleleki futhi kweqa ekunciphiseni amasosha omzimba aphakanyiswe ngumuthi wokugomela igciwane ongasebenzi weCoronaVac.

izindlela

Abasebenzi bezempilo abavela ezindaweni ezimbili eSantiago, eChile bamenyiwe ukuthi babambe iqhaza. Amavolontiya athola uhlelo lwemithamo emibili yeCoronaVac, umthamo ngamunye unikezwa izinsuku ezingama-28 ngokuhlukana ngohlelo lokugoma lwaseChile. Amasampula wePlasma aqoqwa phakathi kukaMeyi noJuni 2021. Bonke ababambiqhaza basayina imvume enolwazi ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe noma iyiphi inqubo yokufunda.