Ngokuqaphela ngokucophelela ukuguquguquka kwezibalo zomphakathi wase-US, uhulumeni wobumbano wase-Mexico ubheja ngokuthi ukufiphala kwe-Gringolandia kuzonikeza umfutho oqinile kwezokuvakasha kwezokwelapha. "Isigidi sama-boomers ezingane, njengoba sibizwa kanjalo e-US, singase sizohlala eMexico eminyakeni ezayo," kusho uNgqongqoshe Wezempilo waseMexico uJose Angel Cordova Villalobos emcimbini obubanjwe ekuqaleni kwale nyanga eMexico wokugubha uSuku Lukazwelonke Lwabahlengikazi. UCordova uthe lithuba lokuba abathuthukisi bezokuvakasha bangathengisi ilanga nesihlabathi kuphela kodwa “nokwelashwa noma ukuhlinzwa.”
Ngokubambisana nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni, uMnyango Wezempilo uhlela ukwakha ingqalasizinda yezokuvakasha kwezokwelashwa eminyakeni emibili ezayo. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zalolu hlelo zihlanganisa ukuqeqesha ithimba labahlengikazi abakhuluma izilimi ezimbili ze-Spanish-English, nokwandisa isibalo sezibhedlela ezizimele zase-Mexico ezigunyazwe ikhomishini ehlanganyelwe yase-US-Mexico kakade esemsebenzini. Ngokusho kukaCordova, izikhungo ezizimele eziyisishiyagalombili zigunyazwe ngokwemigomo yekhomishini.
Yize izinhlelo zesifunda zokukhuthaza ezokuvakasha kwezokwelapha zisaqhubeka emngceleni osenyakatho weChihuahua, Baja California kanye neNuevo Leon, uCordova uthe ukusebenzelana okukhulu kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale imakethe yomhlaba wonke ejatshulelwa amazwe ahlanganisa iThailand, India, Costa Rica kanye neBrazil. . Isikhulu sezempilo saseMexico sigcizelele ukuthi lolu hlelo olusha luzozuzisa imboni ezimele.
"Lokhu kuzoba isikhuthazo emakethe yangasese," kusho uCordova. UCordova uvumile ukuthi ukuqeqesha abahlengikazi abakhuluma izilimi ezimbili kubeka engcupheni inkinga enkulu yobuchopho e-US, lapho ezinye izindawo sezivele ziqashe abahlengikazi baseMexico ukuze bathole amaholo aphezulu kakhulu kunalawo abawathola ekhaya, kodwa waqikelela ukuthi wengeze ukuqeqeshwa okuhlosiwe kuzogxila emikhakheni yezempilo yaseMexico. ukulethwa kokunakekelwa njengokuhlinzwa kwezimonyo nokunye ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Izinhlelo zokulinga zokuqeqesha abahlengikazi abakhuluma izilimi ezimbili zisesigabeni sokuzilungiselela, kwengeza uCordova.
Ukuthi ezokuvakasha kwezokwelapha ziyachuma noma cha e-Mexico kuzoncika ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhuba yezenhlalo, ezomnotho, ezombusazwe kanye nezokuphepha kokubili enyakatho naseningizimu yomngcele. Udlame oluqhubekayo ezingxenyeni zesifunda somngcele kungenzeka luphazamise ukukhula okungaba khona esikhathini esifushane. Isici esikhulu sizoba umphumela walokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo e-US, ikakhulukazi uma kushaywa umthetho okhuphukayo kunokuba unciphise izindleko njengoba abaphathi baka-Obama behlongoza.
Ukuvakasha Kwezokwelapha Edolobheni Lezivakashi
Owayeyinhloko yePuerto Vallarta Medical Association okwamanje okhonza ekomitini lezempilo likamasipala, uDkt. Jorge Roberto Cortes, noma “Doctor Jorge” njengoba ethanda ukubizwa kanjalo, uyangabaza ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuzoba isizathu esikhulu sokuthi abantu beze. eMexico kunamanje.
Noma kunjalo, ukuvakashela udokotela noma udokotela wamazinyo ngengozi kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zokuvakasha njengePuerto Vallarta. Isibonelo, uCortes walinganisela ukuthi umthwalo wakhe wesiguli unamaphesenti angama-50 abokufika kanye namaphesenti angama-50 abantu baseMexico. EPuerto Vallarta nakwezinye izindawo eMexico, izivakashi ezigulayo ezivela e-US zizothola ukuthi izindleko zokwelashwa zishibhe kakhulu kunasekhaya. Ngokuka-Cortes, ukuvakasha kwamahhovisi kuhamba cishe ku-$40, kanti ama-x-reyi abiza kancane njenge-$40 angashintshwa ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-45.
Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana e-US ehlanganisa ukuhlala eNtabeni iSinayi, u-Cortes ukhuluma isiNgisi kalula nje nangendlela yokuphimisa. Futhi akuyena yedwa umhlinzeki wezempilo wendawo, osebenzisa izilimi ezimbili. Idolobha elinabantu abangaphezu kuka-300,000, iPuerto Vallarta inenqwaba yezibhedlela zikahulumeni nezizimele, amakhulu odokotela, amalebhu esimanje ezokwelapha kanye nezinsiza ezilungile zokuphuma kwezokwelapha.
"Kuningi, kepha uVallarta uyakhula," kusho odokotela abajwayelekile. “Sinawo wonke amakhono. Uyafa uma uthanda. Sinakho konke lapha.”
Umhlahlandlela wendawo wezinsizakalo zezokwelapha osakazwa ePuerto Vallarta uqukethe amakhasi ayishumi ochwepheshe bokukhangisa, odokotela bomndeni kanye nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo. Kuwebhusayithi yaso, iSibhedlela esinekomkhulu laseGuadalajara iSan Javier sibala izinkampani zomshwalense zakwamanye amazwe lapho izokwamukela khona izinkokhelo.
Izinkampani zihlanganisa i-Cigna, i-Aetna, i-Tricare kanye ne-International Health Insurance yaseDenmark, phakathi kwabanye. Isibhedlela sikhangisa ukulethwa kokubeletha ngemali elinganiselwa ku-$700 kanye ne-hysterectomy cishe nge-$1,000. Amanani afaka phakathi ukulala esibhedlela ubusuku obubodwa nobubili, ngokulandelana.
Esinye isikhungo sendawo, iMedasist Hospital, sikhokhisa imali engaphansi kwama-$30 ngokuvakasha kwegumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo okufushane, phakathi kwama-$20-$30 ngokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, futhi kusukela ku-$90 kuya ku-$120 ubusuku ngabunye emagumbini asesibhedlela. Izimali zikadokotela zengeziwe.
UDkt. Cortes uphakathi kodokotela abakhetha ukubhekana nezindleko zemali. Egcizelela izikhalazo ezijwayelekile e-US, uCortes uthe ukubambezeleka kwezikhulu kanye nokusho inkani kungenza abashwalensi abazimele babe nzima. Imvamisa, izinkampani zomshwalense zithatha izinyanga ukukhokhela abahlinzeki bezempilo baseMexico.
Ezindaweni ezishisayo njengePuerto Vallarta, izakhamuzi ezintsha kanye nezivakashi kufanele ziqaphele ukuthi kungenzeka zingenwe izifo ezingajwayelekile njengodenga. I-State of Jalisco iqhuba uhlelo lokufafaza ukuze kuqedwe omiyane ePuerto Vallarta, kodwa okungenani abantu abangu-13 bathola lesi sifo ngoJanuwari ngokusho kombiko womnyango wezempilo wesifundazwe ocashunwe emaphephandabeni.
Kusukela ku-Braceros kuya kuma-Baby Boomers
Evela emndenini womhlengikazi eSan Joaquin Valley yaseCalifornia, uPamela Thompson wake welapha izisebenzi zasepulazini zaseMexico egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Namuhla, inkampani kaThompson's HeathCare Resources Puerto Vallarta ixhumanisa abafuduki base-US nabavakashi nabahlinzeki bezempilo baseMexico. UThompson uthe intshisekelo ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha kwaseMexico iyakhula phakathi kwabathengi baseMelika nabazimele.
Engxoxweni naye ngosuku olumatasa lwesizini ephezulu, umeluleki uthe ukwehla komnotho akuzange kubambezele kakhulu ukuhambela kwabokufika, ikakhulukazi izitabane, abafuna ukuhlinzwa njengopulasitiki. Ngokwesizindalwazi se-HealthCare Resources Puerto Vallarta, amaphakheji okuhlinza akhethekile ashibhe ngamaphesenti angama-30-40 eMexico kunase-US naseCanada.
UThompson uthe uthole imibuzo yakamuva ezinkampanini zomshwalense ezizinze e-US mayelana nokuthumela iziguli eMexico. “Ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuzokwenzeka maduze,” kusho uThompson. "(Izinkampani zomshwalense ezizimele) seziqala ukucabanga ngakho, khuluma ngakho."
NgokukaThompson, izinhlobo ezine eziyisisekelo zomshwalense zitholakala kubavakashi bangaphandle kanye nezakhamuzi zaseMexico - ukufakwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, ezokuvakasha, ezizimele zase-Mexico, kanye ne-Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) ephethwe uhulumeni. Ezivakashini zesikhathi esifushane noma zasebusika ezivakashela e-Mexico ezaziwa ngokuthi “izinyoni zeqhwa,” umshwalense wokuvakasha uyinketho esebenziseka kakhulu, kugomela uThompson.
Umhlengikazi wangaphambili uthe izakhamizi eziningi zaseMelika ziyamangala ukuzwa ukuthi umshwalense wezempilo ozimele eMexico ubiza imali ephansi njenge- $ 1,500 ngonyaka, yize isixazululo esikhulu kwabaningi ukuthi izinkampani ngeke zimboze noma ngubani oneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-62. Izakhamizi zesikhathi esigcwele zaseMexico eziphethe ama-visa e-FM-3 manje sezingakwazi ukuthola i-IMSS, kusho uThompson, exwayisa ukuthi uhlelo lomphakathi lugcwele kakhulu futhi ikhwalithi ikude kakhulu nokufiseleka. Noma kunjalo, uthe, umshwalense we-IMSS "ungcono kakhulu kunalutho." Kumuntu wangaphandle oswele ngempela, izibhedlela zikahulumeni zezifunda zizokwamukela ukungena.
Uma kubhekwa ukuguga kwezakhamizi eziningi zase-US zaseMexico, ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-Medicare ukukhokhela izindleko ezihlobene nempilo eningizimu yomngcele kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi abavela kwamanye amazwe kanye nabangase babe bokufika - okungenani kuze kube manje. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwanda kobukhulu benani labantu asebethathe umhlalaphansi e-US ezindaweni ezinjengePuerto Vallarta kudonse isaziso sezibhedlela ezisenyakatho yomngcele, ezinikeza imitholampilo yamahhala eMexico phakathi nesizini ephezulu enkantolo yeziguli ezingaba khona. Ngokubambisana nezibhedlela, uThompson uthe usize ukudluliselwa kwabathathe umhlalaphansi baseMelika besuka ePuerto Vallarta beyiswa ezikhungweni ezibuyela ezweni elidala.
Nokho ngokwandayo, uThompson uthe ube ngufakazi kokunye ukuthambekela: izakhamizi zase-US ezisencane zithuthela nemindeni yazo ePuerto Vallarta. Amathuba okusebenza ekhaya nge-Intanethi avuna lo mkhuba, kwengeza isakhamuzi sasePuerto Vallarta. “Ngibe nezingcingo eziningi zodokotela bezingane lapha phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 ezedlule,” kusho uThompson.
Ejwayelene kakhulu nesigameko sendawo, uThompson uvumile ukuthi kukhona “owaka bodokotela” abaseduze “njengakuyo yonke indawo.” Kepha uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo wema ngekhwalithi yodokotela nezinsizakalo ezitholakala edolobheni lasechwebeni lasePacific.
“Sinodokotela abasezingeni eliphezulu endaweni. Odokotela balapha bachitha isikhathi nawe,” kusho uThompson. “Ungabathinta ngomakhalekhukhwini futhi akumele udlule kubantu abangu-20 ukuze uthole isikhathi. Bonke odokotela engisebenza nabo banjalo.”
E-Mexico, ukuthola izincomo zomuntu siqu kubantu bendawo abanolwazi kuyindlela enhle yokuqeda ukukhwabanisa.
Kuthiwani ngama-Old Choppers?
Emuva e-US, ngakolunye uhlangothi, udaba lokwelashwa kwamazinyo cishe belungekho kulokho okubizwa ngenkulumo-mpikiswano yokuguqulwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kodwa ukubheka amanani akhokhiswa odokotela bamazinyo baseMexico kuveza ngokushesha ukukhanga okuqhubekayo, okuyinhloko kubo bobabili abavakashi nalabo abazoba abokufika.
Eduze nehhovisi lika-Cortes, futhi eduze nje kwebhuloho eliwela uMfula i-Cuale nezakhamuzi zakhona ezishisayo zezinyoni ezigijimayo nezilwa noxam, odokotela bamazinyo u-Jessica Portuguez no-Gloria Carrillo basebenza egatsheni lase-Old Town Vallarta e-Solu/Dent, ibhizinisi elizimele. . Muva nje, umtholampilo unikeze ukuhlanzwa okubili ngo-$12 kanye nokukhipha u-$9 ngezinyo ngalinye. NgokukaCarrillo, amazinyo e-porcelain amahlanu ebhuloho abiza cishe u-$500.
Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ebhizinisini kule ndawo, uPortuguez noCarrillo balinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angu-40 eziguli zabo angabantu bangaphandle ngesikhathi senkathi ephakeme yezivakashi ethatha izinyanga kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-March. Izifiki zendawo, ezihlanganisa amakhasimende asuka endaweni eseduze, ehlala ama-hippie e-Yelapa, basabalalisa igama lika-Solu/Dent ngokukhuluma ngomlomo futhi balethe amalungu omndeni nabangane. “Bayayithanda indlela esibahambela ngayo lapha,” kuphikisa uCarrillo.
Umuntu othweswe iziqu eNyuvesi yaseVeracruz, ePortuguez wafika ePuerto Vallarta eminyakeni emibili edlule ngemuva kokuzwa ukuthi abantu bangaphandle abantantayo nabahlala kwamanye amazwe badale amathuba amaningi omsebenzi kodokotela bamazinyo abasha. Ngokusho komuntu waseningizimu othuthiwe, odokotela bamazinyo baseMexico kumele baqede iminyaka emihlanu yezifundo kanye nonyaka owodwa wenkonzo yezenhlalakahle ukuze bathole ilayisense eyisisekelo. "Sinezintengo ezifinyeleleka kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi enhle," kusho u-Portuguez. “Sinodokotela abaqeqeshiwe. Sifundele lokhu. Wonke umsebenzi uqinisekisiwe.”
EPuerto Vallarta, izimpawu “ezikhuluma isiNgisi” zifakwa ngokusobala ngaphandle kwamahhovisi amaningi odokotela bamazinyo. U-Portuguez, owathi ufunda isiNgisi ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, waqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona umamukeli okhuluma izilimi ezimbili ukuze asize odokotela bamazinyo basehhovisi bahumushe neziguli. I-Solu/Dent isanda kuvula igatsha lesithathu e-Bucerias, umphakathi osenyakatho nje ne-Puerto Vallarta lapho abokufika abaningi abazalelwa e-US bethuthele khona. "Siyethemba ukuthi akukho okushintshile futhi sihlala lapha," kusho uPortuguez.
